27 research outputs found
Semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events regardless of metformin use: a post hoc subgroup analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6
No full textBACKGROUND: Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) are conducted on a background of standard of care including metformin. These analyses sought to determine whether the cardiovascular (CV) effects of semaglutide and other glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) vary according to baseline metformin use. METHODS: A post hoc analysis was conducted using pooled SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 CVOT data in subjects with and without metformin use at baseline. Additionally, a trial-level meta-analysis was conducted using data from seven CVOTs with GLP-1RAs–SUSTAIN 6, PIONEER 6, HARMONY OUTCOMES, LEADER, REWIND, EXSCEL and AMPLITUDE-O–including adults with type 2 diabetes at high CV risk, and a primary endpoint of time to first major adverse CV event (MACE). RESULTS: In the post hoc analysis, the no-metformin subgroup was older, with a higher body mass index, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher CV risk at baseline vs the metformin subgroup. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the reduction in risk of MACE with semaglutide vs placebo in the metformin and no-metformin subgroups were 0.70 (0.55;0.89) and 0.86 (0.60;1.22), respectively. No significant interaction between the treatment effect on MACE and metformin subgroup was observed. Findings for other CV endpoints were similar. In the meta-analysis, treatment effect (GLP-1RA vs placebo) on CV outcomes was no different with vs without baseline metformin (overall ratio between the hazard ratios for metformin vs no-metformin 1.09 [0.96;1.22]). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the CV outcomes for semaglutide were similar regardless of baseline metformin use, which may also apply to all GLP-1RAs. Trial registration SUSTAIN 6 (NCT01720446), PIONEER 6 (NCT02692716). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01489-6
Thyroid dysfunction in obese pre-pubertal children: oxidative stress as a potential pathogenetic mechanism.
No full textAlthough a relationship between obesity and hyperthyrotropinemia has been hypothesized in obese children, the underlying pathogenesis is not completely known. In the current cross-sectional study, we evaluated the thyroid function in a group of 80 obese pre-pubertal children compared to 41 healthy normal weight peers, exploring the possible association between hyperthyrotropinemia and oxidative stress. In all children, thyrotropin (TSH), free T4 (fT4), free T3 (fT3) and anti-thyroid antibodies were evaluated. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level was evaluated as index of insulin resistance. We measured the endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and the urinary prostaglandin F2α (PGF-2α) as markers of oxidative stress. We found that TSH levels were significantly higher in obese children than controls. TSH significantly correlated with body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), HOMA-IR, PGF-2α, esRAGE and sRAGE. The multiple linear regression showed that in obese children HOMA-IR, PGF-2α, esRAGE and sRAGE were significantly related to TSH, independently of BMI-SDS, age and gender. In obese children, hyperthyrotropinemia could be detected already in pre-pubertal age. The increased oxidative stress might represent one of the key regulators of TSH levels, early in life
Endocrinopathies: chronic thyroiditis, addison disease, pernicious anemia, graves’ disease, diabetes, and hypophysitis
No full textChronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT), also known as Hashimoto thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland, with the concomitant production of autoantibodies to thyroid antigens, primarily thyroglobulin and/or thyroperoxidase (TPO), formerly known as microsomal antigen (1). Although few epidemiological data are available, the prevalence of CLT is estimated to be 1 in 1,000 people, with an incidence of 0.2
to 2% and a female-to-male ratio of about 18:1 (1). Clinical signs and symptoms manifest slowly and may involve many systems of the body (1). Accumulations of hydrophilic mucoproteins with edema, a condition called myxedema, affects skin and connective tissue and can affect the appearance of
the individual. Lethargy may ensue, with a loss of mental acuity. Systems commonly affected are the gastrointestinal tract, the hemopoietic system, the endocrine system, and the urogenital system (1). Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to lymphocyte invasion, called goiter, is a frequent manifestation,
although there is an atrophic variation. Demonstration of autoantibodies to the thyroid antigens aids in the diagnosis of CLT, distinguishing it from other causes of hypothyroidism
PRESSURE NARROWING OF THE ROTATIONAL LINES IN THE FUNDAMENTAL INDUCED INFRARED ABSORPTION BAND OF H. IN , AND GAS MIXTURES
No full textJ. De Remigis, J. W. Mactaggart and H. L. Welsh, Can. J. Phys. 49, 381 (1971). H. R. Zaidi and J. Van Kranendonk, Can J. Phys. 49, 385 (1971).""Author Institution: Department of Physics, University of TorontoIn a recent the observation of a density-dependent narrowing of the quadrupole-induced rotational lines in the pressure-induced fundamental infrared band of hydrogen in gas and liquid mixtures was reported. It was found that for Ar densities greater than 300 amagat the half-width of the S (1) line of hydrogen varies inversely as the Ar density. Zaidi and Van have interpreted this effect as a form of diffusional narrowing and have developed an expression for the half-width, , in terms of the mutual diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in argon. In this paper the results of similar experiments on para-, , , and pure are presented. In particular, the (O) line in exhibits the same density dependence as previously found for the (1) line. For and for the (1) line of varies inversely as the rare gas density for Kr and Xe densities greater than 380 and 246 amagat, respectively. By combining these results with the theory of Zaidi and Van Kranendonk the diffusion coefficients of in high density Ar, Kr and Xe gas are computed and found to compare favourably with the kinetic theory values
Proteomics of thyroid fine-needle apiration: a promising approach for protein biomarker discovery
No full textCircuit training for bone health: efficacy of the bone-based rotation exercises principle: A pilot study
No full textPurpose: Physical exercise has been shown effective for bone health, across lifespan, if proper characteristics have been ensured during exercise prescription and conduction. The aim of our study was to verify if workout organization, in postmenopausal women, may have a central role in determining the entity of the osteogenic effect of a physical exercise program. Methods: Thirty-two postmenopausal women (mean age 59.35 ± 3.65 years) were eligible for the study. Plasma BAP and CTx-I were collected, and DEXA, anthropometry, dietary habits, and fitness tests have been ascertained before and after their participation in 12-week supervised workouts. One sub-group (TWs-s) was trained according to a traditional workout scheme, while the other sub-group (BBs-s) was trained following a bone-based scheme of exercise rotation. Results: BBs-s significantly increased BAP plasma values (p = 0.004) and Six-Minute Walking Test result (p < 0.001), while TWs-s not. Both the sub-groups significantly increased Flamingo Balance Test (p = 0.05), Plank Position Test (p < 0.001), Handgrip Test (p = 0.004), Squat Test (p < 0.001), and Arm Curl Test (p < 0.001). Conclusions: When bone health is considered, the establishment of the right exercise order, in a circuit training workout, is very important, because it could amplify or delay mechanoreceptor desensitizing. The experimented bone-based scheme of exercise rotation seems able to furnish positive effects on bone, muscle, and aerobic fitness
INDUCED INFRARED SPECTRA OF HYDROGEN AND DEUTERIUM DISSOLVED IN LIQUID AND SOLID ARGON: THE CELL MODEL OF THE ABSORPTION PROCESS
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Physics, University of Toronto; Northern Electric Company, Research \& Development LaboratoriesThe fundamental infrared bands of and in dilute solutions in liquid and solid argon have been studied in a 20 cm absorption path length at . An analysis of the frequencies of the and groups of lines for the solid solution has already been given on the basis of a cell model involving an molecule on a substitutional lattice the frequencies for the solid solution are in substantial agreement with this analysis. The spectra of the liquid solutions differ from those of the solid solutions in two important respects: (a) they resemble very closely the collision-induced spectra of the corresponding gas mixtures, and (b) the integrated intensities are about four times greater tha those for the solid. Thus, although the cell model is certainly justified for the solid, it does not appear to be appropriate for the liquid as has been postulated by Ewing and and by Bulanin and . The induced spectrum of hydrogen in liquid solutions seems rather to emphasize the collisional aspects of the molecular motion in liquids, as might be expected from the relatively short ranges of the interactions involved in the induction process. R.J. Kriegler and H.L. Welsh, Can. J. Phys. 46, 1181 (1968). G.E. Ewing and S. Trajmar, J. Chem. Phys. 41, 814 (1964). M.O. Bulanin and M.V. Tonkov, Vesn. Leningrad Univ., Ser. Fiz, i Khim., No. 22, 41 (1966)
