1,720,986 research outputs found
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Salvia x jamensis essential oil
No full textThis is the first report about the composition of the essential oil of Salvia x jamensis. The major compounds identified by GC-MS were ß-caryophyllene (14.8%), ß-pinene (6.8%), caryophyllene oxide (6.0%), δ-cadinene (5.5%), α-pinene (5.2%) and spatulenol (5.2%). The oil showed antimicrobial activity against three Gram (+) bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis, and three Candida strains: C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, while it was inactive against three Gram (-) bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloaca
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
MiR-126 and MiR-146a as Melatonin-Responsive Biomarkers for Neonatal Brain Ischemia
No full textNeonatal encephalopathy (NE) resulting from hypoxia-ischemia (HI) poses significant challenges, often leading to long-term neurological deficits. Therapeutic hypothermia is currently the standard treatment but has limitations, prompting research into adjunct therapies like melatonin.Melatonin shows promise due to its neuroprotective properties. However, optimal dosing and timing post-injury are unclear. NE diagnosis relies on clinical signs and neuroimaging, but early detection remains challenging.We aim to identify early biomarkers of brain injury post-HI by examining miRNAs. miR-126 and miR-146a show potential, as alterations in their levels correlate with brain injury severity and respond to melatonin treatment in preclinical models.This research underscores the importance of finding reliable biomarkers to aid in NE management and improve outcomes for affected infants. Matherials and methods Rat cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemia and melatonin treatment This study utilized a preclinical model of Rat Cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemia (HI) to investigate the effects of melatonin treatment on microRNA (miRNA) expression. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical procedures in accordance with animal care regulations. On postnatal day 7, neonatal rats underwent unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to hypoxia. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally post-HI induction. Serum and brain samples were collected at various time points post-HI and melatonin treatment. Bioinformatics analysis and quantitativa real-time PCR for Mature miRNA analysis A bioinformatics analysis using the miRNet tool identified miR-126 and miR-146a as potential biomarkers associated with neonatal cerebral HI. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was employed to assess miRNA expression levels in serum and cerebral cortex homogenates. Results showed significant alterations in miR-126 and miR-146a expression post-HI, with melatonin treatment attenuating these changes. Overall, the study suggests that miR-126 and miR-146a may serve as early biomarkers of brain injury following neonatal HI, and their modulation by melatonin highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of melatonin in this context. Data analysis Statistical analyses were performed by two-way ANOVA or one-way ANOVA using the Prism Computer program (GraphPad Software Inc.). Bartlett’s test was used to determine data homogeneity. The Bonferroni multiple comparison test or Newman–Keuls multiple comparison test was used to determine differences between groups. Results were considered to be significant when p ≤0.05. Results In our study, we utilized the miRNet bioinformatics tool to analyze a new NCHI pathway sensitive to melatonin, predicting miR-126 and miR-146a as the most important associated miRNA nodes. Subsequently, we performed qRT-PCR analysis on cerebral cortex and serum samples collected from animals sacrificed at 1, 6, and 24 hours post-HI and melatonin treatment. In the cerebral cortex, miR-126 expression decreased 1 hour post-HI, increased at 6 hours, and decreased again at 24 hours. Melatonin treatment significantly increased miR-126 expression at 1 and 6 hours post-injury compared to controls, but levels were equivalent to HI animals at 24 hours. Conversely, serum miR-126 levels increased post-HI and decreased after melatonin treatment. Similarly, miR-146a showed a down-regulation at 1 hour post-HI, up-regulation at 6 hours, and return to control levels at 24 hours in the cerebral cortex. Melatonin treatment increased miR-146a levels compared to controls at all time points and compared to HI animals at 1 and 24 hours. Serum miR-146a levels increased post-HI, while melatonin treatment maintained levels similar to controls at 1 and 6 hours and increased levels at 24 hours compared to controls. Overall, our results suggest that melatonin treatment modulates miR-126 and miR-146a expression in both cerebral cortex and serum, potentially contributing to its neuroprotective effects in neonatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury. Discussion and conclusion Neonatal mortality, constituting 46% of under-five mortality globally, is significantly impacted by neonatal encephalopathy (NE), a condition often stemming from hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for reducing mortality and morbidity associated with NE. While biomarker research shows promise, bottlenecks hinder their integration into clinical practice. MiRNAs, particularly brain-specific ones, have emerged as potential biomarkers due to their expression in both the brain and peripheral blood. Using bioinformatics tools, we identified miR-126 and miR-146a as potential biomarkers for perinatal brain injury, suggesting their utility in diagnosis. Through a neonatal rat model of HI brain injury, we observed dysregulation of miR-126 and miR-146a expression in both brain tissue and serum. Melatonin treatment post-HI showed restoration effects on these miRNAs, indicating its neuroprotective potential. MiR-126, crucial for vascular integrity and angiogenesis, exhibited down-regulation in cerebral cortex post-HI, with contrasting upregulation in serum. Melatonin treatment restored cortical levels while maintaining serum levels similar to controls. MiR-146a, a negative regulator of inflammation, showed a similar trend, with early down-regulation and subsequent upregulation post-HI in the cortex, and higher levels in serum post-HI, reduced by melatonin. These findings suggest miR-126 and miR-146a as potential diagnostic biomarkers for neonatal HI brain injury, with their dysregulation detectable within hours post-HI insult, aligning with the therapeutic window for intervention. While further clinical validation is necessary, these results offer insights for improving bedside clinical management in neonatal NE cases
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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