19 research outputs found
Modernism in the eyes of T.S Eliot: break from traditional writings with literary forms and movements
No full textThis paper owes to uncover the modern aspects in the writings of T. S. Eliot. Modernism, a movement which erupts from philosophy and has a “self-conscious” break from traditional writings and worked with literary forms and movements. As a modernist he portrays about the standard of love, money minded people and self centered people. The research is entirely based on T. S. Eliot’s poetry and generalizing its work entirely which required depth study of his work and citation of the critic who entitled T. S. Eliot as a “modernist-poet”. This study is retro-spective which requires depth study in order to relate by the previous work done on generalizing T. S. Eliot as a modernist poet
فیلڈ مارشل محمدایوب خاں کی خود نوشت ’’جس رزق سے آتی ہو پرواز میں کوتاہی‘‘ :ایک مطالعہ
No full textThis article is a review of autobiography of Field Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan, Ex. President of Pakistan. The book entitled "Friends not masters" which was translated into Urdu by a famous writer Ghulam Abbas. Ayub Khan was born in a village "Rehana" near Rawalpindi. After compilation of educatin he got commissin in Royal Army and proceeded to England for professional training. When Pakistan came into existence, he joined Pakistand Army and gradually became Field Marshal of Pakistan Army. According to the author, the book may be called a verbal creation regarding his autobiography which is anthology of conversations among some close friends of the author. Basically book is based on the ideology that the citizens of developing countries are desirous for the friendship and help of the advanced / developed countries especially America, but it would be equal level like friends not masters. The book also discussed the political ups and downs in Pakistan because the author remained the President of Pakistan for more than 10 years
: a 10‐year bibliometric study
No full textObjective: To conduct a bibliometric evaluation of the Journal of Ayub Medical College (JAMC), Abbottabad, Pakistan.Methods: The data of articles, citations and authors of JAMC from 1997 to 2006 were collected and analysed in terms of bibliometric parameters.Results: The number of articles published per year ranges between 27 and 97; most of the articles (47.2%) have 11–20 citations. Three-author contributions ranked the highest (134; 23.43%); the most prolific authors contributed seven articles; 295 (51.57%) of the authors are geographically affiliated to the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan; the most popular subject is Internal Medicine; journal self-cited references are 43; 7769 (77.94%) of the citations were from foreign journals; the most productive institution is Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.Conclusion: The number of papers published in JAMC per issue has been increasing over the last 10 years, and the core region is NWFP, Pakistan. Original articles are the main type of papers for this journal. The publication is open for all fields of medical sciences
Field appraisal of entomopathogenic fungi horizontal transmission device for entomo-vectoring of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in bitter gourd field against Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
No full textAbstract Background Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestation poses a serious risk to bitter gourd cultivation. Traditionally, B. cucurbitae has been controlled using synthetic pesticides, which have drawbacks such as non-target toxicity and pest resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) provide concentrated ecological alternatives, which support ongoing pest reduction and sustainable agriculture by adhering to Integrated Pest Management principles. Therefore, EPF provides a viable alternative for chemical control of B. cucurbitae, addressing its shortcomings and promoting environmentally friendly pest control technology. This study evaluated the effectiveness of entomo-vectored horizontal transmission devices (EV-HTD) against B. cucurbitae in bitter gourd fields, focusing on GF-120 and Butanone acetate. Assessment parameters include converting fruit infestation data into yield loss per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant, marketable yield per hectare, and yield loss per hectare. Results The highest mean percentage of entomo-vectored B. cucurbitae (70.50%) was found in plots treated with Butanone acetate + B. bassiana-based EV-HTD. This was followed by GF-120 + B. bassiana-based EV-HTD (66.18%), Butanone acetate + M. anisopliae-based EV-HTD (58.95%), and GF-120 + M. anisopliae-based EV-HTD (54.78%). The Butanone acetate + B. bassiana-based EV-HTD produced the highest mean number of spores per B. cucurbitae (7.80 spores/cm2), while the other treatments produced low spore counts. Plots treated with Butanone acetate + B. bassiana-based EV-HTD had the highest percentage mortality of B. cucurbitae (81.20%). The percentage of fruit infestation varied between 9.00 and 34.00%, with the least amount of infestation seen in plots treated with B. bassiana + Butanone acetate. There were minimal yield losses in Butanone acetate. The Butanone acetate + B. bassiana-based EV-HTD showed the lowest yield losses (66.66 g/plant), while the other treatments showed high losses. Plots treated with Butanone acetate + B. bassiana-based EV-HTD had the highest marketable yield per plant (673.87 g/plant), while yields in control treatments were low. Plots treated with Butanone acetate + B. bassiana-based EV-HTD had the highest marketable yield (2217.85 kg/ha). Lastly, plots treated with Butanone acetate + B. bassiana-based EV-HTD (219.40 kg/ha) showed the lowest yield losses per hectare. Conclusions According to the study’s findings, Butanone acetate-based EV-HTD was more successful than GF-120. Furthermore, B. bassiana was more effective at controlling B. cucurbitae than M. anisopliae. With a maximum cost–benefit ratio of 14.99, the treatment Butanone acetate + B. bassiana was shown to be the most advantageous economically, suggesting its potential for use in practical pest management techniques
Dynamic Management of Cost Contingency: Impact of KPIs and Risk Perception
No full textabstract: Risks are inherent in construction projects. In order to manage risks, contingency amount is set aside usually in an escrow account. Cost contingency can be a handsome amount that would get blocked during the execution of the project for further use, incurring constant opportunity cost. The stakeholders may wish to use this held amount for other endeavors during project execution. The managerial practices for dynamic contingency management are of extreme importance. Stakeholders anticipate risks and hindsight project performance by eyeing key performance indicators of a project to direct decisions. The aim of this research is to integrate project key performance indicators with future risk perception to develop a decision support system for facilitating cost contingency release requests. The model is expected to help decision making to ease the managerial burden ensuring effective use of contingency. The findings are not conclusive due to ongoing nature of research
Living a corporate lifestyle: The application of 'body corporate' under Islamic institutions in Malaysia
No full textBusinesses are not alien to Islam for it has been the practice of Prophet Muhammad p.b.u.h. The Holy Prophet himself was a successful trader. In Islam, particularly the Arab countries, they refer the entity carrying out the
businesses and commercials as ‘syirkah’ vis-à-vis corporation or company under Western concept. Whilst the Western distinguishes company from partnership, syirkah in Islam refer to both company and partnership.Nevertheless, the different types of these syirkah are reflected in the diversity of their categories, which comprised of al-‘inan, al-abdan, mudharabah, wujuh and mudharabah. The essential part of a syirkah is that it is contractbased,where individuals came together and entered into a contract with an agreement to distribute the profits amongst themselves. Individuals are the backbone of a syirkah in Islam. Whereas, a company in the conventional system focuses on the concept of body corporate rather than natural human
being, i.e. individuals. In this modern world, the applications of the notion ‘body corporate’ are also integrated into some of Islamic institutions including those that were established in Malaysia. The Islamic institutions are now leading a corporate way of lifestyle. This paper will highlight some of the Islamic institutions in Malaysia and the analysis of legal provisions which set them up as corporate entities. In the same parallel also, the author will identify the rights and criteria arising from such body corporate – and the Islamic perception on such corporate lifestyle
A review of public-private partnership: critical factors of concession period
No full textPurpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the critical decision factors of public-private partnership (PPP) concession which is complex due to a number of uncertain and random variables. To identify critical factors contributing to determination of concession period, this study reviews the published literature. It also identifies countries contributing most in PPP research. As a whole, it provides a mutually beneficial scenario by formulating a decision-making matrix.
Design/methodology/approach - This paper reviews the literature published during the period 2005-2015. A two-staged methodology is followed on retrieved scholarly papers: first, countries contributing to PPP are identified along with authors and affiliated institutions. Second, using frequency analysis of shortlisted critical factors, yearly appearance and stakeholders affected, a decision matrix is formulated.
Findings - The most contributing country toward PPP research is China, followed by the USA both in terms of country- and author-based contribution. In total, 63 factors are identified that affect PPP concession out of which, 8 per cent are highly critical and 21 per cent are marginally critical for decision-making.
Practical implications - Critical factors of PPP concession period will be identified with the help of decision-making matrix. This will help in adequate resource allocation for handling critical factors ensuring project success. Researchers may also understand the research trends in the past decade to usher ways for future improvements.
Originality/value - This paper reports findings of an original and innovative study, which identifies critical success factors of PPP concession period and synthesizes them into a decision-making matrix. Many of the previous studies have identified and ranked the critical factors but such a synthesis has not been reported
Compatibility and synergistic interactions of fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae, and insecticide combinations against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
No full textAphids are major pests affecting cereals, vegetables, fruit, forestry and horticultural produce. A multimodal approach may be an effective route to controlling this prolific pest. We assessed the individual and combined effect of eight insecticides and the entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschin.) against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), under laboratory conditions. Six of the insecticides tested were found to be highly compatible (flonicamid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, pyriproxyfen and spirotetramat), showing positive integration with the fungus and were selected for bioassays. The combination mixtures (1:1 ratio of M. anisopliae: insecticide) were significantly more toxic to A. gossypii than individual treatments. Maximum mortality (91.68%) of A. gossypii was recorded with combination of flonicamid and M. anisopliae (2.4 × 106 cfu/ml) 72 h after application. While minimum mortality (17.08%) was observed with the individual treatment of M. anisopliae (2.4 × 106 cfu/ml). The insecticides revealed toxicity consistent with their compatibility with M. anisopliae, ranking for efficacy exactly as they did for compatibility. In addition, the synergy factor (SF) and co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) values indicated synergistic interactions at different time intervals. The synergistic efficacy revealed the potential of fungus-insecticide integration against sucking insect pests
Post-liberalisation Efficiency and Productivity of the Banking Sector in Pakistan
No full textIt has been long debated in economic literature whether financial markets play a significant role in economic growth and development. [For review see Gertler (1988) and Levine (1997)]. Findings of some recent empirical literature show that well-functioning financial system plays an instrumental role in economic growth, and the causality runs from finance to growth [for cross country evidences see King and Levine (1993, 1993a); Levine and Zervos (1998); Levine, Loayza and Beck (1999); Beck, Levine, and Loayza (1999)]. This, in turn, has led to a search for the key factors that determine the better functioning financial markets. Within the banking sector, efficiency is the core concern of both academics and bank officials. A number of studies have sought to measure the efficiency of financial institutions, to identify the factors that contribute to efficiency of financial system, and to recommend the ways to attain the peer group efficiency levels [Berg (1993); Leaven (1999); Berger and Mester (1997); Miller and Noulas (1996)]. These empirical findings suggest a healthy competitive financial market pave the way for efficient market participants that leads to overall efficiency of the system and hence productivity. Following this notion, liberalisation of financial markets has been initiated to improve the performance of financial institutions both in developed and developing countries. Some empirical tests have been carried out to measure the effects of liberalisation and deregulation of financial institutions on the efficiency and productivity of banking sector.
Agronomic and genetic approaches for enhancing tolerance to heat stress in rice: a review
No full textDOI: 10.15835/nbha49412501
Rice is an important cereal crop worldwide that serves as a dietary component for half of the world’s population. Climate change, especially global warming is a rising threat to crop production and food security. Therefore, enhancing rice growth and yield is a crucial challenge in stress-prone environments. Frequent episodes of heat stress threaten rice production all over the world. Breeders and agronomists undertake several techniques to ameliorate the adverse effects of heat stress to safeguard global rice production. The selection of suitable sowing time application of plant hormones, osmoprotectants and utilization of appropriate fertilizers and signaling molecules are essential agronomic practices to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on rice. Likewise, developing genotypes with improved morphological, biochemical, and genetic attributes is feasible and practical way to respond to this challenge. The creation of more genetic recombinants and the identification of traits responsible for heat tolerance could allow the selection of early-flowering cultivars with resistance to heat stress. This review details the integration of several agronomic, conventional breeding, and molecular approaches like hybridization, pure line selection, master-assisted-selection (MAS), transgenic breeding and CRRISPR/Cas9 that promise rapid and efficient development and selection of heat-tolerant rice genotypes. Such information’s could be used to determine the future research directions for rice breeders and other researchers working to improve the heat tolerance in rice
