1,720,966 research outputs found
Obesity and overweight in young adult females of Northern Badia of Jordan
No full textThe objective of the study was to describe anthropometric indices of obesity in young adult females from Northern Badia of Jordan and explore their association with some socio-economic and lifestyle factors. A representative random sample based on a proportional sampling method of 233 females aged 20-25 years from the Jordan Northern Badia was used. Studied variables were: weight, height, skinfold thickness at selected sites, body mass index (BMI), % body fat (BF%), and associated factors including education, marital status, smoking, employment, housing and having a chronic disease. The main anthropometric characteristics of the Badia young females were: body weight (55.7 ± 0.7 kg), height (153.4 ± 0.4 cm) and BF% (26.5± 0.3). The prevalence of the BMI categories in the sample were: 8.2% underweight (BMI< 18.5kg/m2), 27.0% overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and 6.9% obese (BMI ⥠30.0 kg/m2). Median height matched the 5th NCHS percentiles. Medians of weight and triceps skinfold thickness were located between the 25th and 50th, and the 10th and 25th NCHS percentiles respectively. Factors that were found to be significantly (
Narrative Literature Reviews in Scientific Research: Pros and Cons
Full text linkتلعب المراجعات السردية دورًا محوريًا في البحث العلمي، إذ توفر نظرة شاملة على المعرفة المتاحة حول موضوع معين. وعلى عكس المراجعات المنهجية التي تتبع منهجيات صارمة، توفر المراجعات السردية نهجًا أكثر مرونة ونوعية، مما يسمح للباحثين بتجميع وتفسير نتائج الدراسات المختلفة. ويُعد هذا النوع من المراجعات قيّمًا بشكل خاص في المجالات ذات التنوع العلمي الكبير، إذ يُمكنه المساعدة في تحديد الاتجاهات والفجوات والمواضيع الناشئة. ومن أهم نقاط القوة في المراجعات السردية قدرتها على توفير سياق أوسع، ودمج رؤى من تخصصات متنوعة، وتمكين فهم أعمق للقضايا المعقدة. كما أنها تُسهّل استكشاف النظريات والأطر، مما يؤدي غالبًا إلى فرضيات وأسئلة بحثية جديدة. تُعدّ المراجعات السردية موارد قيّمة للممارسين وصانعي السياسات، إذ تُستخلص منها نتائج رئيسية تُثري الممارسة وصنع القرار. ومع ذلك، فإن هذه المراجعات ليست خالية من القيود. فالطبيعة الذاتية للتجميع السردي قد تُؤدي إلى تحيز، كما أن غياب منهجية موحدة يُضعف موثوقية الاستنتاجات. ولتعزيز دقة المراجعات السردية، ينبغي على الباحثين تحديد أهدافهم بوضوح، وتوثيق استراتيجيات بحثهم بدقة، وتقييم جودة الدراسات المشمولة بشكل نقدي. على الرغم من أن مراجعات الأدبيات السردية قد لا يكون لها نفس الأساس التجريبي مثل المراجعات المنهجية، إلا أنها تظل أداة مهمة لنشر المعرفة والاستكشاف النظري في البحث العلمي. وفي المتوسط، لا تقدم سوى نسبة صغيرة نسبيًا من المنشورات العلمية الحديثة مستويات عالية من الأدلة، على الرغم من أن عملية مراجعة المجلات العلمية ينبغي أن تثبط الاستنتاجات غير المدعومة بالأدلة في المقالات البحثية الأصلية. هذه المقدمة الافتتاحية التمهيدية هي معاينة موجزة تهدف إلى المساعدة في قراءة وفهم وتقييم مقالات المراجعة السردية.Narrative literature reviews play a crucial role in scientific research by providing a comprehensive overview of the available knowledge on a particular topic. Unlike systematic reviews, which follow rigid methodologies, narrative reviews offer a more flexible and qualitative approach, allowing researchers to synthesize and interpret the findings of different studies. This type of review is particularly valuable in fields with a high literature diversity, as it can help identify trends, gaps, and emerging themes. A key strength of narrative reviews is their ability to provide broader context, integrate insights from diverse disciplines, and enable a deeper understanding of complex issues. They also facilitate the exploration of theories and frameworks, often leading to new hypotheses and research questions. Narrative reviews are valuable resources for practitioners and policymakers, extracting key findings that can inform practice and decision-making. However, these reviews are not without limitations. The subjective nature of narrative synthesis can introduce bias, and the lack of a standardized methodology makes the reliability of conclusions uncertain. To enhance the rigor of narrative reviews, researchers should clearly define their objectives, thoroughly document their search strategies, and critically evaluate the quality of included studies. Although narrative literature reviews may not have the same empirical basis as systematic reviews, they remain a significant tool for knowledge dissemination and theoretical exploration in scientific research. On average, only a relatively small proportion of recent scientific publications provide high levels of evidence, though the journal review process should discourage unsubstantiated conclusions in original research articles. This introductory editorial is a brief preview that aims to help read, understand, and evaluate narrative review articles
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Production and Quality Evaluation of Arabic Bread from Different Gluten-Free Flours
Full text linkتهدف الدراسه الى إنتاج الخبز العربي من طحين حبوب خالية الجلوتين لمرضى السيلياك ومقارنة جودته بخبز طحين القمح. تم في هذه الدراسة إنتاج الخبز العربي المسطح من طحين القمح والذرة الصفراء والدخن والحنطة السوداء والكينوا والأرز والبطاطا والتابيوكا بطريقة العجن المباشر . تم تقييم جودة الخبز الناتج من حيث خواصه الطبيعية ( الحجم النوعي وسهولة الفتح ومعدل الطبقة العليا للسفلى ) والخواص الحسية ( الطزاجه بعد الخبز مباشرة وبعده بأربع ساعات والطعم ). أثبتت نتائج التحليل التقريبي أن طحين القمح هو أعلى أنواع الطحين المستعملة من حيث نسبة البروتين ثم الذرة الصفراء والدخن والكينوا والحنطة السوداء بينما كان طحين الأرز والبطاطا والتابيوكا هي أقلها من حيث نسبة البروتين . أظهرت نتائج التقييم للخواص الطبيعية والحسية أن أرغفة معظم أنواع الخبز تتمتع بأحجام نوعية مقبوله مقارنة بطحين القمح. بينما أظهرت كل انواع الخبز درجة جيدة من الطراوة بعد خبزها إلا أن خبز البطاطا هو الوحيد الذي حافظ على طراوته بعد 4 ساعات من الخبز . كذالك فقد كان طعم خبز البطاطا والتابيوكا هو الأكثر قبولا مقارنة بطعم خبز القمح.
يستنتج من الدراسة أنه بالإمكان إنتاج خبز خال من الجلوتين من كل أنواع الحبوب موضوع الدراسة قارنة بخبز القمح إذا ما إستهلكت طازجه .This study aims to produce gluten-free flatbread for Celiac Disease ( CD) patients from different gluten – free flour sources and compare its quality with that produced from wheat flour. Arabic flat pocket - former bread was prepared from the flours of wheat, corn, millet, buckwheat, quinoa, rice, potatoes, and tapioca using the straight dough method, and its physical quality parameters of specific volume, pocket formation, upper to lower layer ratio and water activity as well as sensory parameters of , freshness immediately and 4 hours after baking, and taste were evaluated.
Proximate composition of the flours indicated that wheat flour had the highest protein content followed by corn, millet, quinoa, and buckwheat while rice, potatoes, and tapioca flours had the lowest protein content. Sensory and physical evaluation of the bread types showed that most flour types gave bread loaves with good specific volumes compared to wheat flour. Most bread types were tender when freshly baked, but only wheat and potato breads maintained their tenderness 4 hours after baking. The taste of potato and tapioca breads were the most acceptable and similar to that of wheat bread ( P≤0.05). It can be concluded that pocket-forming flatbread with good sensory and functional characteristics can be produced from most flours if consumed fresh after baking
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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