1,720,961 research outputs found
Nigeria’s Role in the Promotion of Peace and Security in the Gulf of Guinea through Multilateral Cooperation 2001-2022
Get PDFhis work examines Nigeria’s role in promoting peace and security in the Gulf of Guinea region. The regional security theory (RST), which highlights the link of interdependent relationships among states within a region, serves as the theoretical framework of the study. The objective of the research is to evaluate Nigeria’s contributions to peace and security through multilateral cooperation in the Gulf of Guinea region.The study utilizessecondary data from credible sources such as official reports, policy documents, books, diplomatic records, magazines, Newspapers, internet sources, and academic literature.Documentary evidence was used to analyze the data obtained. The data collection process follows specific criteria for relevance, reliability, and credibility.The findings reveal that Nigeria to promote peace and security in the Gulf Region, actively engages in multilateral initiatives and collaborations, such as those within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) since its establishment in 1975, the Yaoundé Architecture since 2013, and the Gulf of Guinea Commission (GGC) since 2001. In addition, to promote peace and security Nigeria participates in joint patrols, intelligence sharing, capacity building, and collaborative efforts to address maritime security challenges. The study highlights the importance of international cooperation and partnerships in supporting Nigeria’s efforts. Consequently, the work emphasizes the significance of fostering closer collaboration among the Gulf of Guinea countries to enhance maritime security in the area. Collaboration with shipping companies, naval industry stakeholders, and port authorities is essential for sharing information, implementing best practices, and developing joint initiatives to improve security measures and promote a safe operating environment. While progress has been made, the work underscores challenges related to limited resources, capacity gaps, and memberstates coordination. It emphasizes the need for sustained commitment, cooperation, and investment in capacity building and technology to address peace and security challenges in the Gulf of Guinea. The work suggests further research to explore the effectiveness of multilateral initiatives, Nigeria’s domestic factors, non-traditional security threats, regional dynamics and cooperation, and gender and inclusivity considerations in Nigeria’s promotion of peace and security in the Gulf of Guinea
THE ROLE OF US IN CHINA – TAIWAN CRISIS
Get PDFThe United States has long played a major role in the China-Taiwan crisis and likely will remain so for many years to come. The crisis or impasse across the Taiwan Strait serves as one of the most dangerous flashpoints in the world, the one issue that could lead to military conflict at a moment’s notice among the United States, Taiwan and China today. China is fond of calling this crisis a remnant of China’s civil war and a relic of the cold war. Indeed it is. However, the crisis has evolved substantially from this historical context over the years, making the Taiwan crisis in some ways even more relevant and immediate today than ever. Many in the United States may reasonably ask why the United States cares so much about this island off China’s coast and why Washington remains committed to it even when this commitment could lead to war not only with a nuclear weapons state but also with the world’s most important rising power. Likewise, it is reasonable to ask why China cares so deeply about the island that it is willing to jeopardize many other political and economic interests to concentrate on gaining control over the territory. To bring answers to the above questions raised, this work used the power theory while data gathered were analyzed through documentary evidence method. Data used were gotten from books, journals, theses, magazines, Newspapers and internet materials. The US has played many roles that are unfortunately sustaining the China-Taiwan crisis like serving as a covert Diplomatic back up, arms supplier, ambiguous strategic policy supporter, paying subtle government official visits, firm economic relations, strong science and technological ties, international organization membership support, and socio-cultural links-all on the side of Taiwan. Be that as it may this work recommended that the US should abandon her partial strategic ambiguity (that is they will not commit to go to war to defend Taiwan, nor will they take the war option off the table if Taiwan is attacked) and other subtle supports to Taiwan and play a clear and transparent mutual meditative role in China-Taiwan crisis so that the issue between China and Taiwan can be settled amicably. A truthful mediator must prove herself or himself impartial
China- India Border Crisis: Causes and Implications 1962-2023
Get PDFFor more than seventy years, the Sino-Indo border crisis has become an endless imbroglio with no settlement in sight. Relations between the two Asian giants have soured over the last decade, particularly following a 2020 boundary skirmish between Indian and Chinese soldiers in the Galwan area. The issue of a disputed border emerged in the early 1950s when the People’s Republic of China affected her capture of Tibet. This act created for China and India one of the lengthiest undefined boundaries in the globe. The China-India border stretches for approximately 3,488 kilometers (2,167 miles) across the Himalayan mountain range, separating the two countries. The main areas of contention are the western sector (Aksai Chin region administered by China but claimed by India) and the eastern sector (Arunachal Pradesh region administered by India but claimed by China). This dispute has led to several military standoffs and border skirmishes between the two countries over the years. The intricate and protractedness of this border conflict made this work try to find out the causes and implications of this crisis to the Asian region and the world generally. To do this effectively, we employ secondary sources where data was collected from textbooks, diplomatic records, academic literature, newspapers, journals, magazines, and internet materials. The data collected was analyzed through documentary evidence while the contested border and territorial nationalism theory were used as the analytical tool. The work discovered that factors like unresolved border issues, historical crises, strategic concerns, ideological biases, failed diplomatic negotiations, military considerations, the Tibetan refugees crisis, Cold War dynamics, and limited communications were some of the issues that led to the border crisis between the two Asian giants. Furthermore, the work found out that the implications engendered by the China-India border crisis are severe and expansive like heavy militarization of the China-Indian border, strategic instability in Asia, India’s more assertive foreign policy, China’s global image damage, policy implications, and arms race between the two Asian giants. The work concluded that China and India should strive for a harmonious and sustainable joint boundary commission that will map and mark their boundaries as this option if meticulously and strictly followed will tremendously benefit both and all
The Role and Implications of Houthis Action in Israel-Hamas War 2023-2024
Get PDFThe Israel-Hamas war has lingered for years been part of the larger Israel-Palestinian conflict. The claim to land and sovereignty has been at the core of this altercation between Israel and Hamas. As earlier said the crisis has been long in origin but that of October 7th, 2023 assumed a dangerous and wider dimension of global proportion. This particular crisis has drawn the attention of many state and non-state actors of which the Houthis in Yemen is one of them. The actions of these state and non-state actors have complicated, exacerbated, and escalated this war. This is why this work focus on the role and implications of Houthis in this Israel-Hamas imbroglio. In line with this some pertinent questions were raised. Who are the Houthis? What made the Houthis to engage in this precarious war? What is their role in the war? What are the implications of their role? In order to find answers to these questions documentary evidence was used to gather data for the work from books, journals, magazines, Newspapers and internet materials. The ideological theory was used as an analytical tool. From these gatherings and analysis, the work discovered that the Houthis are a group of people from Yemen fighting to end political and economic marginalization within their country and with hatred against the Saudis, UAE, US and Israel as depicted by their slogan. 
THE ROLE OF UNITED NATIONS PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS IN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 1998-2024
Get PDFUnited Nations (UN) is authorised to sustain global peace and security. The UN aims to maintain this objective via many ways like through peace supports operations by sending personnel and experts to manage crisis conditions. The world organization has imbibed a number of strategies and techniques to enforce its peace supports operations. However, there has been many activities aiming on peace supports operation with nodal successful operations, but the UN still encounter problems with negative consequences on efficiency, effectiveness and success of its peace supports operations in Central African Republic. The main thrust of this work is to interrogate the pivotal activities of UN peace supports operations, their effect, and the main problems that marred their works and confront the UN peace supports operations in Central African Republic. This research is a departure from others in that it views the UN peace support role in CAR through the prism of Liberalism and documentary evidence. The period of the paper is also unique. This work uses the theory of liberalism as a tool of analysis and data were obtained from secondary sources like books, journals, newspapers, magazines, and internet materials. Documentary evidence was used as a data gathering technique. The work discovered that the UN peace supports operations achieved limited success in controlling conflictual conditions and inculcating peace in Central African Republic. Nevertheless, the administrative, military and humanitarian problems of the initiatives marred the peace support operations in Central African Republic thereby hindering them from having a total success. Drawing from this, the work encourages policy and institutional changes in conjunction with determination of parties, institutions, and other actors to collectively join hands together so as to strengthen peacekeeping operations and install a lasting peace in Central African Republic
THE ROHINGYA CRISIS AND THE WAY FORWARD
Get PDFThe Rohingya challenges, characterized by the large dislocation and marginalization of the Rohingya Islamic people from Myanmar (former Burma), stood as an important social problem of the 21st Century. The origin of the conflict can be traced to years of tribal upheavals and the British imperial administration which engendered divisive tendencies amongst the people. These divisive tendencies skyrocketed even after independence and climaxed in the 1982 nationality or citizenship law, which made the Rohingya people stateless. The increase of tribal nationalism has played an important role in these divisions, with the main Myanmar tribal group seeing the Rohingya as aliens. The effect of the Rohingya conflict is unfathomable, affecting over a million people living in poor situations in Bangladesh, over stretching the country’s resources and causing insecurity. The Myanmar administration’s divisive policies, combative military behaviours, and socio-economic marginalization of the Rohingya have amounted to serious human rights abuses. This makes one to ask what are the causes of Rohingya people’s crisis? What are the effects? How can the challenges be resolved or is there any way forward? To find answers to the above cited questions is the objectives of this work. In order to get undiluted answers to the questions raised, this work employs secondary sources like books, journals, magazines, newspapers, and internet materials. Ethnic nationalism theory was used as the theoretical construct while documentary evidence was used as the analytical tool. The work also did some literature review in order to enrich the background knowledge of the work. At the end the work discovered that factors like ethnic and religious discrimination, political and military issues, socio-economic marginalization, militarization and human rights abuses, and geopolitical dynamics caused the crisis. The effects are humanitarian impact, socio-economic strain on Bangladesh, security concerns, and international response. In proffering the way forward, the work recommended that all the causes of the conflict as highlighted above must be stopped and as the way forward factors like accountability, humanitarian support, strengthening of international cooperation, and promotion of other sustainable solutions must be vigorously pursued
China’s Infrastructural Diplomacy in Africa
Get PDFMost African countries have poor level of infrastructural development which directly impacts negatively their economic growth. In response to ameliorate this anti-development deficiency, African governments have sought to engage various stakeholders in the development of infrastructure. China is not left out in this race to solve Africa’s infrastructural deficiency and her role in this direction in Africa has currently sparked attention both locally and internationally. It is against this backdrop that the work critically examined the motives or factors behind China’s infrastructural diplomacy in Africa. The study employed the economic nationalism theoretical framework and also made use of a secondary source of data anchored in documentary evidence in understanding China’s mode of infrastructural engagement in Africa. The work discovered economic considerations in terms of the search for raw materials. Natural resources and the need for a viable market influence China’s infrastructural diplomacy in Africa. Be that as it may, the study vehemently recommends that no matter the various reasons for China’s infrastructural diplomacy, African countries should key into the developmental projects that are been carried out by China and ensure that it is sustained for the overall development by the various countries within the continent. For clarity and easy comprehension, this study is segmented into seven sections:-introduction, background to China-African relations, theoretical framework, motivations for China’s infrastructural diplomacy in Africa, China’s infrastructural diplomacy in Africa, conclusion, and recommendations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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