1,720,958 research outputs found
Neonatal Meningitis: Risk Factors, Causes, and Neurologic Complications
Get PDFHow to Cite This Article: Khalessi N, Afsharkhas L. Neonatal Meningitis: Risk Factors, Causes and Neurologic Complications.Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Autumn;8(4): 46-50.AbstractObjectiveNeonates are at greater risk for sepsis and meningitis than other ages and in spite of rapid diagnoses of pathogens and treatments, they still contribute to complications and mortality. This study determines risk factors, causes, andneurologic complications of neonatal meningitis in ospitalized neonates.Material & MethodsIn this descriptive, cross sectional study, we evaluated 415 neonates with sepsis and meningitis admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at our center between 2008 and 2012. The data that was recorded was age, sex, birth weight, prenatalrisk factors, clinical features, blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and brain sonographic findings and outcomes.Results Twenty patients had meningitis. Eleven cases (55%) were male. The mean age was 8. 41 days and mean birth weight was 2891.5±766 grams. Poor feeding, seizures, and tachypnea were detected in 12 (60%), 11 (55%), and 6 (30%)patients, respectively. Prenatal risk factors were prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal vaginitis, asymptomatic bacteriuria, prematurity, low birth weights, and asphyxia. Four patients had positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures with klebsiella pneumoniae 2 (50%), Enterococcus spp. 1 (25%), and Group B streptococcus 1 (25%) cases, respectively. Two cases had positive blood cultures with klebsiella pneumoniae. Neurologic complications were brain edema, subdural effusion,and brain abscesses with hydrocephaly. One neonate (5%) died.ConclusionOur study provides some information about risk factors, pathogens, and neurologic complications for neonatal meningitis. Prenatal assessments help to diagnose and reduce risk factors of this hazardous disease. ReferencesVolpe JJ. Bacterial and fungal intracranial infections. In:Neurology of the Newborn. 5th. Edition. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.2008. Pp:916-56.Aletayeb M, Farajzadeh S, Dehdashtian M. Eleven-year study of causes of neonatal bacterial meningitis in Ahvaz, Iran Pediatrics International 2010; 52, 463–466.Edwards MS, Baker CJ. Sepsis in the newborn. In: Gershon A, Hotez PJ, Katz SL, editors. Krugman’s Infectious Diseases of Children, 11th edition. Philadelphia: Mosby. 2004. Pp: 545-561Hristeva L, Booy R, Bowler I, Wilkinson AR. Prospective surveillance of neonatal meningitis. Arch. Dis. Child. 1993; 69: 14–8.Klein JO. Bacterial meningitis and sepsis. In: Remington JS, Klein JO (eds.). Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. 4th edition WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 2006.Pp: 943–98.Klinger G, Chin CN, Beyene J, et al. Predicting the outcome of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Pediatrics. Sep 2000; 106(3):477-82.Tiskumara R, Fakharee SH, Liu C-Q, Nuntnarumit P, Lui K-M, Hammoud M, et al. Neonatal infections in Asia. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. March 2009; 94: 144-8.Zaidi AK, Thaver D, Ali SA, Khan TA. Pathogens associated with sepsis in newborns and young infants in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009 Jan; 28(1Suppl):S10-8.Muhe L, Tilahun M, Lulseged S et al. Etiology of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in infants younger than three months of age in Ethiopia. Pediatric. Infect. Dis. J. 1999; 18(Suppl. 1): 56–61.Garges HP, Moody MA, Cotten CM, et al. Neonatal meningitis: what is the correlation among cerebrospinal fluid cultures, blood cultures, and cerebrospinal fluid parameters? Pediatrics. Apr 2006; 117(4):1094-100.Edwards MS. Neonatal sepsis. In Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, editors. Fanaroff and Martin’s Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Diseases of the fetus and infant, 9th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby.2010. Pp:806- 09.Laving AM, Musoke RN, Wasunna AO, Revathi G. Neonatal bacterial meningitis at the newborn unit of Kenyatta National Hospital. East Afr. Med. J. 2003; 80:456–62.Chang Chien HY, Chiu NC, Li WC, Huang FY. Characteristics of neonatal bacterial meningitis in a teaching hospital in Taiwan from 1984–1997. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 2000; 33: 100–4.Kavuncuoglu S, Gursoy S, Turel O, Aldemir E, Hosaf E. Neonatal bacterial meningitis in Turkey: epidemiology, risk factors, and prognosis J Infect Dev Ctries 2013; 7(2):073-081.Gerdes JS Diagnosis and management of bacterial infections in the neonate. Pediatr Clin Nam. 2004; 51: 939-959.Yikilmaz A and Taylor AG. Sonographic findings in bacterial meningitis in neonates and young infants. Pediatric Radiology 2008; 38: 129-137.
Renal Function in Children with Febrile Convulsions
Get PDFHow to Cite This Article: Afsharkhas L, Tavasoli A. Renal Function in Children with Febrile Convulsions.Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Autumn;8(4):57-61.AbstractObjectiveFebrile convulsions (FC) are the most frequent seizure disorder in children.Some studies have detected serum electrolyte disturbances in patients with FC.This study determines serum electrolytes, renal function tests, and frequency of urinary tract infection in hospitalized children with FC.Materials & MethodsIn this descriptive, cross sectional study, we evaluated 291 children with FC admitted to the Neurology ward of Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital from 2008–2013. Data was recorded on age, sex, type (simple, complex), and recurrence of seizures, family history of FC and epilepsy, serum electrolytes, renal function tests, and urinary tract infections.ResultsA total of 291 patients with diagnosis of FC were admitted to our center. Of these 291 patients, 181 (62.2%) were male. The mean age was 24.4 ± 14.6 months.There were simple, complex, and recurrent FCs in 215 (73.9%), 76 (26.1%) and 61 (21%) of patients, respectively. Urinary tract infections (UTI) were found in 13 (4.5%) patients, more present in females (p-value = 0.03) and under 12 months of age (p-value = 0.003). Hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia was detected in 32 (11%), 16 (5.5%), and 4 (1.4%) of cases, respectively. Twentyfour (8.2%) patients had a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2.There were no abnormalities in serum magnesium, BUN, and creatinine levels.ConclusionDuring FCs, mild changes may occur in renal function but a serum electrolyte evaluation is not necessary unless patients are dehydrated. In children with FC, urinary tract infections should be ruled out. ReferencesGhofrani M. Febrile Convulsion: Another look at an old subject. Iran J Child Neurology 2006 June:1(1):5-9.Swaiman K, Ashwal S, Ferriero D, Schor N. Swaiman’s Pediatric Neurology: Principles and Practice. 5th edition.2012.Pp.790-798.Mohammadi M. Febrile Seizures: Four Steps Algorithmic Clinical Approach. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2010; 20(1):5-15.Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, International League against Epilepsy. Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy. Epilepsia 1993;34(4):592–6.Saghazadeh A, Mastrangelo M, N. Genetic background of febrile seizures. Rev Neurosci 2014;25(1):129-61.NP. Evaluation of the child who convulses with fever. Pediatr 2003;5(7):457-61.Karimzadeh P, Fahimzad A, Poormehdi MS. Febrile Convulsions: The Role Played By Paraclinical Evaluation. Iran J Child Neurology 2008;2(4):21-24.Kwong KL, Tong KS, So KT. Management of febrile convulsion: scene in a regional hospital. Hong Kong Med J 2003 Oct; 9(5):319-22.Amiri M, Farzin L, Moassesi ME, Sajadi F. Serum trace element levels in febrile convulsion. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 135(1-3):38-44.Amouian S, Mohammadian S, Behnampour N Tizrou M. Trace Elements in Febrile Seizure Compared to Febrile Children Admitted to an Academic Hospital in Iran, 2011. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2013 Oct;7(10): 2231-2233.Behrman E R. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics . In: Bleyer A, Ritchey A.K. Nephrology section. 19th edition. 2011. P.1731-1845.Momen A, Monajemzadeh SM. the Frequency of Urinary Tract Infection among Children with Febrile Convulsion. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2011: 1(1):29-31.Sahib El-Radhi A, Carroll J, Klein N. Clinical Manual of Fever in Children. Springer. 2011. P.8-9.Heydarian, F, Ashrafzadeh F, Kam S. Simple Febrile Seizure: The Role of Serum Sodium Levels In prediction of Seizure Recurrence during the First 24 Hours. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009;3(2):31-34.Nickavar A, Hassanpour H, Sotoudeh K. Validity of Serum Sodium and Calcium Screening in Children with Febrile Convulsion. Acta Medica Iranica 2009;47(3):229-231.Talebian A, Vakili Z, Talar SA, Kazemi SM, Mousavi GA. Assessment of the relation between serum zinc & magnesium levels in children with febrile convulsion. Iran J Pathol 2009; 4(4):157-160.Teach SJ, Geil PA. Incidence of bacteremia, Urinary Tract Infection & Unsuspected bacterial meningitis in children with febrile seizures. Pediatric Emergency care 1999; 15(1)9-12
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Frequency of Meningitis in Children Presenting with Febrile Seizures at Ali- Asghar Children’s Hospital
Get PDFHow to Cite This Article: Tavasoli A, Afsharkhas L, Edraki A. Frequency of Meningitis in Children Presenting with Febrile Seizure in Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Autumn; 8(4):51-56.AbstractObjectiveFebrile seizures (FS) are the most common type of childhood seizures, affecting 2–5% of children. As the seizure may be the sole presentation of bacterial meningitis in febrile infants, it is mandatory to exclude underlying meningitis in children presenting with fever and seizure. To determine the frequency of meningitis in children with FS and related risk factors, the present study was conducted at Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital.Materials & MethodsThe records of children aged from 1-month–6 years of age with fever and seizure admitted to the hospital from October 2000–2010 were studied. The charts of patients who had undergone a lumbar puncture were studied and cases of meningitis were selected. The related data was collected and analyzed with SPSS version 16.ResultsA total of 681 patients with FS were known from which 422 (62%) lumbar punctures (LP) were done. Meningitis (bacterial or aseptic) was identified in 19 cases (4.5%, 95% CI 2.9–6.9 by Wilson- Score internal) and bacterial meningitis in 7 (1.65%, 95% CI 0.8–3.3). None of the patients with bacterial meningitis had meningeal irritation signs. Complex FS, first attack of FS, and impaired consciousness were more common in patients with meningitis when compared to non- meningitis patients.ConclusionMeningitis is more common in patients less than 18 months presenting with FS; however, complex features of seizures, first attack of FS, or impaired consciousness seem significant risk factors for meningitis in these children and an LP should be considered in this situation. ReferencesKimia A, Ben-Joseph EP, Rudleo T, et al. Yield of lumbar puncture among children who present with their first complex febrile seizure. Pediatrics.2010; 126: 62-69.Hom J, Medwid K, The low rate of bacterial meningitis in children, ages 6 to 18 months, with simple febrile seizures. AcadEmerg Med 2011; 18(11):1114-1120.Fetveit A. Assessment of febrile seizures in children. Eur J Pediatr 1998; 167(1); 17-27.Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures. Febrile seizures: Guidelines for the neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with a simple febrile seizure. Pediatrics 2011; 127(2):389-394.Rosman NP. Evaluation of the child who convulses with fever. Pediatr Drugs 2003; 5(7):457- 461.Dubos F, De la Rocque F, Levy C et al. Sensitivity of the bacterial meningitis score in 889 children with bacterial meningitis. J Pediatr 2008; 152:378-382.Nigrovic LE, Kuppermann N, Macias CG, et al. Clinical prediction rule for identifying children with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis at very low risk of bacterial meningitis. JAMA 2007; 297(1):52-60.American Academy of Pediatrics. Provisional Committee on quality improvement, Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures. Practice parameter: the neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with a first simple febrile seizure. Pediatrics 1997; 769-772.Najaf-Zadeh A, Dubos F, Hue V, et al. Risk of bacterial meningitis in young children with a first seizure in the context of fever: a systematic review and meta- analysis. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1):e55270. Doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone.0055270.Owusu-Ofori A, Agbenyega T, Ansong D, et al. Routine lumbar puncture in children with febrile seizures in Ghana: should it continue? International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2004; 8:353-361.Kimia AA, Capraro AJ, Hummel D, Johnston P, Harper MB. Utility of lumbar puncture for first simple febrile seizure among children 6 to 18 months of age. Pediatrics 2009; 123(1): 6–12.Shaked O, Pena BM, Linares MY, Baker RL. Simple febrile seizures: are the AAP guidelines regarding lumbar puncture being followed? Pediatr Emerg Care 2009; 25(1):8-11.Seltz LB, Cohen E, Weinstein M. Risk of bacterial or herpes simplex virus meningitis/encephalitis in children with complex febrile seizures. Pediatr Emerg Care 2009;25(8): 494–497.Casasoprana A, Hachon Le Camus C, Claudet l, et al. Value of lumbar puncture after a first febrile seizure in children aged less than 18 months. A retrospective study of 157 cases. Arch Pediatr, 2013. Pil: S0929-693X (13)00238-8.Kwang SK. Bacterial meningitis beyond the neonatal period. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan Sh L, Steinbach W.J, Hotez PJ, eds. Feigin and Cherry’s textbook of pediatric infectious diseases: Philadelphia, Elsevier, Saunders.2014.P:425-472.Ehsanipour F, Khodapanahandeh F, Aslani Z. The prevalence of meningitis in children with febrile seizure hospitalized at Hazrat Rasoul hospital (1997-2002). Journal of Iran University of Medical Sciences 2004; 44;907-912.Al-Eissa YA. Lumbar puncture in the clinical evaluation of children with seizures associated with fever. PediatrEmerg Care 1995; 11(6):347-350.Ghotbi F, Shiva F. An assessment of the necessity of lumbar puncture in children with seizure and fever. J Pak Med Assoc 2009; 59(5):292-295.Tinsa F, EL GhrbiA, NcibiN, et al. Role of lumbar puncture for febrile seizure among infants under one year old. Tunis Med 2010; 88(3): 178-183.Joshi Bataloo R, Rayamaihi A, Mahaseth C. Children with first episode of fever with seizure: is lumbar puncture necessary? JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2008;47(171):109-112.Carrol W, Brookfield D. Lumbar puncture following febrile convulsion. Arch Dis Child 2002; 87:238-240.Laditan AA. Analysis of the results of routine lumbar puncture after a first febrile convulsion in Hofuf, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. East Afr Med J 1995;72:376-Rossi LN, Brunelli G, Duzioni N, et al. Lumbar puncture and febrile convulsion. Helv Pediatr Acta 1986; 41(1-2):19-24.Mikati M A. Febrile seizures. In: Behrman RF, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB. (editors). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2011. Pp: 2017-19
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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