1,720,981 research outputs found
Dissociating proficiency from age of language acquisition: An ERP study on simultaneous interpreters
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The effect of age of acquisition and proficiency on language-related brain activation in interpreters: an ERP study
No full textModificazioni dei parametri di funzionalità respiratoria dopo areosol di amiloride in 21 pazienti con fibrosi cistica.
No full textTHE EFFECTS OF MUSICAL EXPERTISE ON READING SKILLS: AN ERP STUDY
No full textAim
Several studies showed that an early music training modifies functional brain structure and enhances connectivity, but little is known about the effects to read a musical sheet on brain plasticity. The aim of this study was to compare visual processing of notes and words in 15 professional musicians and 15 controls while EEGs recorded their visual processing
Materials
Stimuli comprised 300 words and 300 short (1 measure) music scores that were randomly
presented at the center of a PC screen located approximately 114 cm from the viewer's eyes
Thirty healthy right-handed participants (18 males and 12 females) were recruited for this experiment. They were matched for cultural status and education level (except for musical expertise) across groups. All had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and reported no history of neurological illness or drug abuse. Half of them were professional musicians with a Conservatory degree in violin, trumpet, clarinet, piano, composition, orchestra conduction. Musicians usually read their music scores in Violin and/or Bass clefs. The mean age of acquisition (AoA) of musical abilities (playing an instrument) for musicians was 8.57 years. The mean age of musicians was 31.7 years (SD= 12), while of control was 26 ys. (SD=69). Non musicians (control group) were totally unable to read musical notation as determined by a note reading test (solfeggio) administered prior to recruitment. People who recognized a single note were not enrolled in the study. Handedness was assessed with the Italian version of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Salmaso and Longoni, 1985), a laterality preference questionnaire. All participants reported strong right-handedness and right ocular dominance.
Methods
In this study 300 Italian words and 300 musical beats were presented for 1600 ms in the central visual field. ERPs were recorded from 128 scalp sites in a group of Italian University students and in a group of professional musicians. Participants had to press a button when they recognized a certain note or letter included (or not) in the musical beats or in the word.
Results
Letter processing was strongly left lateralized in controls, while the fusiform (BA37) and inferior occipital gyri (BA18) were activated in both hemispheres in musicians during both word and music reading.
Discussion
The right hemispheric involvement during orthographic reading could be considered a result of music reading ability.
Conclusions
Our study provided, for the first time, evidence that early acquisition of the ability to read a musical sheet could modifies the cerebral mechanisms involved in the visual word recognition
How to Age More Positively? Analyzing Determinants that Shape Attitudes Towards Aging
Full text linkA considerable amount of research has illustrated that negative attitudes toward one’s own aging can directly hinder mental and physical well-being or lead to maladjustment in later stages of life (Swift et al. in Social Issues Policy Rev 11(1):195–231, https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12031, 2017). Research so far has focused on the analysis of individual factors related to attitudes toward aging, often related to personality traits. Our study proposes and tests a model of positive contact with aging (PCA). It analyses both individual and social antecedents of attitudes towards one’s own aging, hypothesizing that individual health self-efficacy directly affects attitudes towards one’s own aging and that the quality and quantity of contact with older adults indirectly impacts on attitudes towards one’s own aging through attitudes towards older adults. The model was tested in a wide sample of the Italian population (N = 753) with a varied age range. The PCA model tested showed excellent fit to the data, explaining a moderate amount of variance in attitudes toward one’s own aging (12%). This model promises to offer implications for active policies that can improve attitudes towards one’s own aging, promoting educational strategies to increase intergenerational exchanges and foster health-related self-efficacy
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
