29,152 research outputs found
The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on The Economy of Sierra Leone
No full textGLOBAL CRISIS AND POVERTY PREVENTION Most recent statistics indicate that the global financial crisis will cause a fall in export earnings in Sierra Leone of approximately fifteen percent in 2009 compared to 2008. A regression-based model estimates that this decline in exports earnings could result in a fall in national income of almost ten percent. Based on the income distribution in the 2003 household survey, a ten percent decline in national income would increase poverty by twelve percent of the population, or about 600,000 people. A fiscal stimulus of two percent of GDP could stabilise the economy at the level of 2008, preventing this disastrous increase in poverty. A stimulus package consisting of employment intensive public works programmes could be designed to return the economy to its pre-shock level with a reduction in poverty. (...)The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on The Economy of Sierra Leone
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Predictors of Stunting, Wasting and Underweight among Tanzanian Children Born to HIV-Infected Women.
No full textChildren born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are susceptible to undernutrition, but modifiable risk factors and the time course of the development of undernutrition have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to identify maternal, socioeconomic and child characteristics that are associated with stunting, wasting and underweight among Tanzanian children born to HIV-infected mothers, followed from 6 weeks of age for 24 months. Maternal and socioeconomic characteristics were recorded during pregnancy, data pertaining to the infant's birth were collected immediately after delivery, morbidity histories and anthropometric measurements were performed monthly. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards methods were used to assess the association between potential predictors and the time to first episode of stunting, wasting and underweight. A total of 2387 infants (54.0% male) were enrolled and followed for a median duration of 21.2 months. The respective prevalence of prematurity (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 g) was 15.2% and 7.0%; 11.3% of infants were HIV-positive at 6 weeks. Median time to first episode of stunting, wasting and underweight was 8.7, 7.2 and 7.0 months, respectively. Low maternal education, few household possessions, low infant birth weight, child HIV infection and male sex were all independent predictors of stunting, wasting and underweight. In addition, preterm infants were more likely to become wasted and underweight, whereas those with a low Apgar score at birth were more likely to become stunted. Interventions to improve maternal education and nutritional status, reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and increase birth weight may lower the risk of undernutrition among children born to HIV-infected women
The impact of adding interactivity to television advertising on elaboration, recall and persuasion
No full textInteractive TV ads providing additional clickable content beyond the traditional 30-second ad are evolving as a new model for television advertising. This extra length provides space for additional claims and repetition of brand associations, which should increase overall advertising effectiveness. We find that one exposure to a transformational interactive TV ad is more effective than one exposure to a 30-second ad, and just as effective as three exposures in terms of attitude towards the ad, attitude towards the brand, and purchase intention. We also found that the interactive ad generated more cognitive elaboration than either one or three exposures to a 30-second ad. For day-after recall, the interactive ad was more effective than one exposure to a 30-second ad. However, in comparison with three exposures, the evidence was not conclusive. When a high frequency is required (as it is for transformational ads), but repeat exposure is difficult to generate (as audiences get more fragmented), interactive TV ads offer media planners a solution, and may rewrite the rules of media planning
The effects of melatonin treatment on wool production and hair follicle cycle in angora rabbits
No full textAbstract
The aims of this study were to examine the effect of melatonin treatment on (1) the quantity of wool production and fibre quality traits, (2) feed consumption and body weight and (3) hair follicle activity in the German angora rabbits. The study involved 106 male and female angora rabbits (raised under natural photoperiod), between the initial ages of 200-210 days. Half of the stock was treated with melatonin (36 mg per rabbit) either in May prior to the summer solstice, or in July subsequent to the solstice. Other animals served as untreated controls. In May two methods of wool harvesting: defleecing or shearing, were tested, while in July two different intervals between wool harvests, 98 and 80 days, were compared. Skin samples were taken from May on- wards six times during the experimental period. Melatonin treatment increased significantly total wool production (by 17.7% , P < 0.01), weight of first grade wool (by 14.1% , P < 0.01), fibre length (by 5.6% , P < 0.001), wool production per day (by 17.3% , P < 0.01) and per kg of live weight (by 14.6% , P < 0.05). The melatonin treatment also led to a significant increase in feed consumption and body weight during the first weeks following melatonin treatment. Melatonin treatment did not exert any significant effect on the content of the different fibre types, or on bristle dimensions (area and diameter), but resulted in a 32% ( P < 0.001) increase in the number of active follicles (lateral primaries and secondaries) per hair follicle group. The date of treatment had a significant influence on the quantity of first grade wool with higher production observed only when animals are treated in July. The treatment proved to be more effective in the defleeced rabbits than in the shorn ones.
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Résumé
Effets de la mélatonine sur la production de laine et le cycle d'activité des follicules pileux chez le lapin angora. Cette étude avait pour but d'examiner les effets de la mélatonine (1) sur la morphologie des fibres et la production pondérale de laine, (2) sur le poids vif et l'ingestion de nourriture et (3) sur le cycle d'activité des follicules pileux chez le lapin angora allemand. L'étude a porté sur 106 lapins angora, mâles et femelles, âgés de 200 à 210 jours au début de l'expérience et élevés sous photopériode naturelle. La moitié d'entre eux a reçu un traitement à la mélatonine (36 mg par lapin), un premier groupe au mois de mai, avant le solstice d'été, un autre groupe en juillet, après le solstice. Les animaux non traités ont servi de témoins. En mai, deux méthodes de récolte de la toison ont été pratiquées : l'épilation et la tonte ; alors qu'en juillet, deux intervalles entre récoltes : 80 et 98 jours ont été comparés. Six échantillons de peau par animal ont été prélevés à partir de mai, durant toute la période expérimentale. Le traitement à la mélatonine a augmenté significativement la production totale de laine (+17,7 % , P < 0,01), le poids de la laine de 1 qualité (+14,1 % , P < 0,01), la longueur des fibres (+5,6 % , P < 0,001), la production de laine par jour (+7,3 % , P < 0,01) et par kg de poids vif (+14,6 % , P < 0,05). Le traitement à la mélatonine a également provoqué un accroissement significatif de la consommation d'aliment et du poids vif, durant les premières semaines du traitement. En revanche, aucun effet significatif n'a été observé sur les dimensions des "jarres "(surface et diamètre). Le traitement a augmenté de 32 % ( P < 0,001) le nombre de follicules pileux (primaires latéraux et secondaires) en activité par groupe folliculaire. La période de traitement a eu un effet significatif ( P < 0,001) sur la quantité de laine de première classe, ainsi la production des animaux traités au mois de juillet a été plus élevée. Le traitement a été plus efficace chez les lapins épilés que chez les animaux tondus
Gross efficiency during the incremental cycling test performed prior to (0), at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks following ES, SE and AD.
No full text<p>* p≤0.05 compared to corresponding values of week 0</p><p># statistical trend p≤0.07 compared to corresponding values of week 0</p><p>† p≤0.05 change from week 0 compared to AD</p><p>• p≤0.05 change from week 0 compared to SE</p><p>Gross efficiency during the incremental cycling test performed prior to (0), at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks following ES, SE and AD.</p
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