1,720,959 research outputs found
COTTON PRODUCTION AND TRADE IN IGALALAND OF CENTRAL NIGERIA, 1900 – 1986
Get PDFThis study examines the history of cotton production and trade in Igalaland of Central Nigeria, 1900-1986. Cotton was a major crop in Igalaland particularly during the colonial period because of its use as raw material in British textile and allied industries. As a result of this, concerted efforts were made by the colonial state in collaboration with expatriate firms towards its development. These efforts manifested in the forms of enactment of Cotton Marketing Ordinances and establishment of facilitative measures like the construction of road and inland waterway networks to enhance easy transportation of cotton from the hinterland to ginnery for onward shipment to Britain. Furthermore, this study interrogates the historical patterns of transformation that occurred in the local Igala society as a result of the production and marketing of cotton from the early twentieth century upto 1986. The major findings of this study are multilayered. The study demonstrates how the industrial revolution in Britain spurred the quest for raw materials, in this case, cotton in Igala land. The study notes that in the bid to maintain steady supply of cotton, the colonial state established the British Cotton Growing Association (BCGA) in 1902 and by 1906, BCGA established a Ginnery at Lokoja and Igalaland was a major area in which the bulk of the cotton was obtained from. In addition, the BCGA had Licensed Buying Agents who ferreted the nooks and crannies of Igalaland with the bid to buying cotton and propagating the culture of cotton to the natives. Using the Vent for Surplus theory of Hyla Myint, this study further argues that the upsurge in cotton production in this area within the period under study was a result of the creation of institutional, legislative and facilitative measures designed and consolidated by the colonial state and imperial merchants companies coupled with favourable environment which supported the cultivation of cotton. Besides, this study demonstrates the precarious placement of Igala cotton peasant farmers within the gamut of colonial cotton export production. The local farmers were exploited and exposed to the vagaries of incessant price fluctuations in the international market. The imposition of taxation coupled with the manipulation of local agency especially the Native Authority by the expatriate merchants led to the exploitation of the natives. This study traces the tapestry of the transformation of the cotton industry during the turbulent years of First World War, World Economic Depression and the Inter war periods. Methodologically, both primary and secondary sources of historical data were adopted. The study concludes by asserting that enormous potentials and opportunities existed in the Igala cotton industry as a veritable tool for economic diversification and development.Production and trade of cotton in Igalaland
Mapping the African Philanthropic Space: Opportunities and Challenges for Development in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examines the contemporary African philanthropic space in Nigeria and its role, opportunities and challenges for Nigeria's National development. Drawing from both primary and secondary sources, this paper argues that philanthropy has a long history in Nigeria and is embedded in the socio-cultural milieu of the people. African philanthropic infrastructures exist in both formal and informal forms and both the rich and the poor are involved in philanthropy in Nigeria. The changing socio-political trajectories in Nigeria particularly since the return to civil rule in 1999 and the astronomic surge in the number of High Net Worth Individuals have led to the establishment of philanthropic foundations by accomplished businessmen and women, sport personalities, politicians and community trusts to support the state in diverse development areas. The role of indigenous philanthropists in Nigeria can be gleaned from their interventions in health, youth and women empowerment, provision of relief materials during disasters, postconflict reconstruction and peace building, democratic consolidation, national integration through social capital, promotion of social justice, education, advocacy, among others. Special focus was placed on Dangote Foundation, T.Y. Danjuma and DSK Foundation. In spite of the enormous role and opportunities in this sector, the Nigerian philanthropic space is plagued by numerous challenges including: lack of coordination, poor regulatory framework, weak capacity development and leadership training for future philanthropic managers, paucity of data and research, founders' sit-tight syndrome and an unfavourable legal environment. The study recommends that the development and transformation of contemporary indigenous philanthropic infrastructure in Nigeria can be attained through qualitative and quantitative research on: the changes and continuities in the field; the initiation of capacity and leadership development programmes for practitioners (philanthrocrats); existing self-regulatory mechanisms and alliances among philanthropic foundations; deepening state-philanthropy partnership through enabling legal and institutional frameworks. In the wake of dwindling foreign aid, this study recommends that indigenous philanthropy serves as a viable tool for domestic resource mobilisation in addressing the contemporary development challenges in Nigeria
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Social Movements and Democratization in Nigeria since 1999: The Search for Good Governance and Justice
No full textWhat factors account for the surge in social movements in Nigeria and what are the implications for democratization? Who have been the actors and what internal and external dynamics are reconfiguring the materiality of social movements? How is the state responding to the dramatic fluidity and frequency in movements? And what strategies have civil societies used to harness the potentials in social movements for sustainable democratization? Through a political economy approach, oral interviews with NGO leaders, leaders of human rights and pro-democracy activists, interviews with some citizens, and use of journals, newspapers, magazines and reports, this study interrogates and documents the changing contours of social movements in Nigeria since the return to civil rule on 29 May, 1999. The authors observe that contemporary Nigeria has seen a spasmodic rise in social movements occasioned by international and local donor support, improved political and rights awareness, globalization and social media. It draws largely from recent national movements, such as the OccupyNigeria, Bring Back Our Girls and EndSars movements, to show how social movements have helped in Nigeria’s democratization. The role of radical government policy reforms, advocacy, transparency and accountability in the struggle for social change have also been discussed. We discuss also how pro-democracy activists and social media have helped to widen the scope, framing and intensity of movements, amidst government action to curb the activities of social movements. We have shown how infiltration of movements by state-hired agents has stemmed and weakened the actors and their movements. The article discusses how protesters, fake news and the deployment of paid influencers have helped to generate fake contents to discredit actors and protesters. The role of the police through denial of permits and the effect of arrests of protesters are also discussed. The paper ends with an observation of how government’s radical strategies have deeply and negatively undermined the credibility and sustainability of Nigeria’s social movements
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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