18,946 research outputs found
Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas 2012
No full textKey to Titanochrysa species (modified from key in Sosa & Freitas 2012: 17) 1 Forewing crossveins with or without infuscation; mandibles symmetrical or asymmetrical; male: sternites S2–S8 with microtholi; dorsal rods of arcessus parallel; membrane beneath arcessus with or without two mesal lines of setae.......... 2 1’ Forewing crossveins with infuscation; mandibles symmetrical; male: sternites S2–S8 without microtholi; dorsal rods of arcessus X-shaped; membrane beneath arcessus with two mesal lines of setae (Figs 1–3 in Sosa & Freitas 2012, Figs 16–18 in Tauber et al. 2012)................................................................. T. circumfusa (Burmeister) 2 Forewing inner gradates with infuscation; mandibles asymmetrical; male: membrane beneath arcessus without small setae mesally............................................................................................ 3 2’ Forewing inner gradates without infuscation; mandibles symmetrical; male: membrane beneath arcessus with small setae mesally............................................................................................. 4 3 Forewing with network of short, dark, reticulate veins covered by a black spot on medial area; male: arcessus with dorsal rods short, merging apically; female: seventh sternite length ~3.5 times width (Figs 5–7 in Sosa & Freitas 2012, Figs 13–14 in Tauber et al. 2012)....................................................................... T. annotaria (Banks)Published as part of Tauber, Catherine A., Sosa, Francisco & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano, 2018, Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, a generic homonym, replaced by Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), pp. 287-295 in Zootaxa 4375 (2) on page 294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/129826
Thygater danunciae Freitas & Silveira, sp. n.
No full textThygater danunciae Freitas & Silveira sp. n. (Figs. 3.F; 7) Diagnosis. T. danunciae may be confused with male T. analis, from which it can be distinguished mainly by the hyaline wings, yellowish veins (brownish veins and amber wings in T. analis and all other closely related species— Fig. 5. D, E, F) and for the hyaline marginal zone on terga (Fig. 7. A; C) (amber-translucent in T. analis and all other species). Other differences are found on S7, especially on the base of the proximal lobe, which is longer in T. analis (Fig. 3.A) than in T. danunciae (Fig. 3.F) and in the genital capsule, with T. danunciae sp. n. having a much smaller mid projection in the anterior margin of the spata (Fig. 7.D) than T. analis (Fig. 5.G). Description. ♀: unknown. ♂ (holotype): Integument black, except: whitish-yellow on labrum and legs, especially on tarsi, hyaline on apex of marginal zone of all terga and of S1-S5; on head entirely reticulate, except around ocelli; on mesosoma reticulate and densely punctate (>1 dp), sparser (= 1 dp) on posterior half of mesoscutum; on metasoma strongly reticulate, especially on terga; terga finely and densely punctate (= 1 dp); translucent-amber areas on apex of marginal zones long on all terga (= twice as long as F1); on sterna still finer and sparse; smooth on marginal zone of all terga; translucent-amber areas on apex of marginal zone of S1–S5 longer than F1 length medially. Pilosity white on head, except dark grey on vertex; whitish on mesosoma, including legs; on metasoma predominantly white, black on disc of T2–T4; on sterna sparse on disc, forming medially-interrupted apical fringes on S2–S4; on S5 forming complete apical fringe; on S6 simple and short forming an hourglass-like patch on disc. Structure —malar area 2/3 as long as basal mandibular width; clypeus lightly convex on disc, with basal depression reaching 1/5 of clypeal length; T7 deeply emarginate, forming two flat triangular lobes; S5 without marginal projections; S6 lacking lateral or medial carinae. Variation and taxonomic notes: One of the examined specimens has completely yellow legs; however, leg color varies among legs of a same specimen and among specimens. Holotype ( ♂ ): “ Projeto Salinas—Sul American Metais Mineroduto 26064—76767” “ Salinas MG Brasil 20/01/2011, R.R.Ferrari ”. [UFMG]. The right, hind leg of the holotype was removed for DNA analysis. Paratypes (2 ♂♂ ): “ Projeto Salinas—Sul American Metais Mineroduto 26064—76768” “ Salinas MG Brasil 20/01/2011, R.R.Ferrari ” “Projeto Salinas—Sul Americana Metais Mineroduto 26059—76695” “ Salinas MG Brasil 21/01/2011, M.S.Fornazier ” both at UFMG. Distribution in Minas Gerais: Know only from the type locality, municipality of Salinas, northeastern Minas Gerais. Etymology: The species epithet is an homage to professor Danuncia Urban for her great contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical bees in general and of the species of Thygater in particular. Flower records: unknown.Published as part of Freitas, Felipe V. & Silveira, Fernando A., 2017, Synopsis of the bee genus Thygater Holmberg 1884 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, with the description of a new species and a key to all Brazilian species, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 4238 (1) on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4238.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/34498
Catadiscus marinholutzi Freitas & Lent 1939
No full textCatadiscus marinholutzi Freitas & Lent, 1939 Hosts (prevalence; range): L. fuscus (1/50; 1), L. podicipinus (45/225; 1–7), T. typhonius (2/16; 2–3) and P. azureus (1/47; 5). Site of infection: small and large intestines. Stage: adult. Type host and type locality: L. latrans, Camis „o, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Comments: the genus Catadiscus is endemic to the Neotropical region and commonly found in the large intestine of anurans (Jones et al. 2005). The species from this genus are characterized by a large and terminal acetabulum, short caeca that do not reach acetabular zone and a single testis (Freitas & Lent 1939). Catadiscus marinholutzi resembles Catadiscus propinquus Freitas & Dobin Jr. and Catadiscus uruguayensis Freitas & Lent. However, from the morphological analysis of the small oral sucker, rounded testis, globular cirrus sac, pharynx length, and size and amount of eggs we concluded that our specimens belong to C. marinholutzi (see Freitas & Lent 1939). Leptodactylus fuscus, T. typhonius, and P. azureus constitute new hosts for C. marinholutzi.Published as part of Aguiar, Aline, Morais, Drausio Honorio, Firmino Silva, Lidiane A., Anjos, Luciano Alves Dos, Foster, Ottilie Carolina & Silva, Reinaldo José Da, 2021, Biodiversity of anuran endoparasites from a transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes in Brazil: new records and remarks, pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 4948 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4948.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/461606
Clear : Air Quality Data as a tool for the enabling of learning and community action.
No full textClear is an exploration of how Service Design can be used in the public sector to generate awareness and trigger action regarding environmental topics – in this particular case, air pollution. It is also an exploration of how Systems Oriented Design can help designers to maximize the positive effects of their proposals in the face of complex societal challenges. Air pollution is a sad side effect of carbon-based industrialization. The more industrial activity and growth around the world, the more air pollution. Studies on the adverse effects on health of bad air quality are beginning to surface and the news are not good: some authorities are calling this an global epidemic. This is also true regarding Norway. Big cities in the country have to deal with the effects of growth. But what appears to be clear and obvious, for a big part of the population is still out of sight. Trying to remediate the situation, Miljødirektoratet has engaged in several efforts to spread awareness of the data about air quality, hoping this data would trigger some sort of behaviour change in citizens. But the scenario is very complex, the data is not contextualized and people already have a lot of worries. Air quality maybe is just another one of them. How to reach them, fulfi l Miljødirektoratet’s mandatesubmittedVersio
Uma metodologia para a utilização do processamento de linguagem natural na busca de informações em documentos digitais
Get PDFThis dissertation proposes a methodology for searches in digital texts based in the Discourse Nominal Structure from Freitas [Freitas 2005] proposed to anaphora resolution. The anaphora resolution process allows the identification of text s formation structure intended by the author. Information Retrieval (IR) presents several models to create a computational representation of text s, besides differ in aspects as text representation or methodology to search all have in common the intention to attend user information need. IR classical models, as the Vector Space Model[Salton, Wong e Yang 1975] or the Latent Semantic Indexing [Deerwester et al. 1990], consider as basic element to create text s computational representation the words presented by it. This models a query made by a set of terms T is compared with indexed documents to find documents that present these words. The predicted relevant documents set is then returned as the query s result. But, natural language texts not always had explicit references to it s main entity. Anaphoras it s a common linguistic tool used in such texts and it s use can affect classical IR models representation power. Once, that entities presented by one word can be refered by another terms or even omitted. An alternative structuralmodel[Baeza-Yates e Ribeiro-Neto 1998], witch takes into account anaphora use, to made it s computational representation of texts is the model presented by Seibel Júnior[Seibel Júnior e Freitas 2007]. In [Seibel Júnior 2007] documents are epresented by the Discourse Nominal Structure for Queries (ENDB) or Query Structure, with was created from Freitas Discourse Nominal Structure (END)[Freitas 2005, Freitas e Lopes 1995, Freitas e Lopes 1994, Freitas e Lopes 1993, Freitas 1992] witch has as objective the anaphora resolution. Once that a document had it s END representation. Seibel Junior s methodology adapts the END to a structure made to IR and the method to make searches in the structure. The Seibel Júnior methodology does not take into account any information besides the phrases focus, the main entity in the text s phrase. But, the END can provide more information than only the phrases focus. Pereira et al presented in[Pereira, Seibel Júnior e Freitas 2009] an new IR methodology based in anaphora resolution. In it s work theQuery structure construction takes all entities presented by a text s phrase. With this, it has a better qualitative performance during the searches. This works details Pereira et al s method showing the algorithms to it s definition and experimentations with the new search methodology.Esta dissertação propõe uma metodologia para busca em textos digitais baseada na Estrutura Nominal do Discurso, originada da proposta de resolução de anáforas apresentada por Freitas[Freitas 2005]. O processo para resolução de anáforas permite a identificação da estrutura de formação do texto, criada pelo autor. A área de Recuperação de Informação (RI) propõe vários modelos para a representação e busca em documentos digitais, apesar de diferentes em aspectos como a representação do texto ou metodologia para a realização de pesquisas todos têm como objetivo atender a necessidade de informação dos usuários de seus sistemas
de buscas. Os Modelos clássicos utilizados para Recuperação de Informação, como o modelo vetorial[Salton, Wong e Yang 1975] ou o LSI (Latent Semantic Indexing)[Deerwester et al. 1990], consideram como elemento básico para a representação de um documento os termos que o compõem.
Nesses modelos uma query composta por um conjunto de termos T é comparada com os documentos indexados em busca de documentos que apresentem esses termos. Os documentos considerados como relevantes são então retornados como resultado a query. Entretanto textos escritos em linguagem natural nem sempre possuem referências explícitas as suas entidades principais. Anáforas são um recurso freqüente em textos dessa natureza e seu
uso diminui o poder de representação dos modelos clássicos, uma vez que entidades citadas no texto podem ser referenciadas por diferentes termos ou até serem omitidas.
Um modelo estrutural [Baeza-Yates e Ribeiro-Neto 1998] alternativo, que leva em consideração a utilização de anáforas na construção da representação computacional dos documentos, é o modelo apresentado por Seibel Júnior[Seibel Júnior e Freitas 2007]. Em [Seibel Júnior 2007] o documento é representado pela Estrutura Nominal do Discurso para Buscas (ENDB) ou Estrutura para Buscas, criada a partir da Estrutura Nominal do Discurso (END) proposta por Freitas [Freitas 2005, Freitas e Lopes 1995, Freitas e Lopes 1994, Freitas e Lopes 1993, Freitas 1992] com o objetivo de resolver anáforas. Uma vez que um documento tenha sua END construída, a metodologia proposta por Seibel Júnior [Seibel Júnior 2007] estabelece os mecanismos para transformá-la em uma estrutura voltada para a Recuperação de Informação e estabelece a metodologia para a realização de consultas à estrutura. A construção da representação dos textos baseia-se na identificação dos focos, elementos centrais das frases do texto. Nenhuma informação, além dos focos, é levada em consideração para a construção da Estrutura para Buscas, mas a END pode fornecer outras informações. A Estrutura Nominal armazena todas as entidades apresentadas no texto. Pereira et al apresentam em [Pereira, Seibel Júnior e Freitas 2009] uma nova metodologia para a RI baseada na resolução
de anáforas de acordo com a proposta de Freitas[Freitas 2005]. Nesse trabalho, a construção da Estrutura para Buscas é realizada transpondo todas as entidades identificadas durante o processo de resolução anafórica, o que possibilita uma melhora na forma de representação do texto dos documentos e na qualidade dos resultados obtidos pelas
pesquisas. Este trabalho detalha a proposta apresentada por Pereira et al, apresentando os algoritmos envolvidos na sua definição e experimentações sobre a nova metodologia de buscas
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique - A solution to monitor moisture content in construction materials
Get PDFMeasuring moisture content in building materials is crucial for the correct diagnosis of buildings' pathologies and for the efficiency evaluation of the treatment solution applied. There are several different techniques available to measure the moisture content in construction materials. However, perform long-term minor-destructive measurements is still a great challenge. The TDR - Time Domain Reflectometry - technique is commonly used for moisture content measurements in soils, but is considered a relatively new method with regard to its application in construction materials. In the present state of research, the current use of the TDR technique for monitoring moisture content in all types of consolidated porous building materials is not possible yet. Indeed, the empirical conversion functions proposed for soils are mostly not suitable for building materials. Furthermore, to successfully use the TDR technique, a good contact between the TDR probe and the material under study is required, which may be difficult to achieve in hard materials. In this paper, the TDR technique was implemented in two limestone walls constructed in the lab to test experimentally the efficiency of a wall-base ventilation channel to speed up drying after a flood. Each wall was equipped with four two-rod TDR probes for continuous monitoring the moisture content in both situations: with and without the ventilation channel. All the equipment used, procedures followed during the drilling until the probes' final installation, as well as the individual calibration required for each probe are explained in detail. Instead of using unsuitable functions proposed for soils, the evaluation of the moisture content from the apparent relative dielectric permittivity measured was established using as reference method the gravimetric method. The results obtained suggest that the TDR technique is suitable for moisture content monitoring in consolidated porous building materials
Judicial Restraint and Political Responsibility: A Review of the Jurisprudence of the Italian, Spanish and Portuguese High Courts on Same-Sex Couples
No full textLo scritto analizza, in lingua inglese, la giurisprudenza della Corte costituzionale italiana in tema di unioni omosessuali
Images are not and should not ever be type specimens: a rebuttal to Garraffoni & Freitas
No full textRogers, D. Christopher, Ahyong, Shane T., Boyko, Christopher B., D'Acoz, Cédric D'Udekem (2017): Images are not and should not ever be type specimens: a rebuttal to Garraffoni & Freitas. Zootaxa 4269 (4): 455-459, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4269.4.
Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas
No full textTitanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas nov. sp Holotype male, Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 10.i. 2009, Ferreira C. S Leg. Deposited in the Museum of Zoology, Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) São Paulo, Brazil. Measurements. Head: width 1.1 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5 mm, width 0.8 mm. Forewing: length 10.1 mm, width 3.6 mm, length/width ratio = 2.8: 1. Four inner, six outer gradates. Hindwing: length 9.3 mm, width 2.8 mm, length/width ratio = 3.3: 1. Four inner, four outer gradates. Diagnosis. Adults yellowish green, with broad, dark red, longitudinal stripe laterally. Fore- and hindwings without shading on surrounding membrane, gradate veins in parallel series. S 8 + 9 with a protuberance on the apical margin. Microtholi present on S 2–8. Mandibles symmetrical. Description. Head. Vertex smooth, yellowish; occiput without marks (Fig. 13 A); scape pale green, with dark red, longitudinal line laterally not reaching antennal base; pedicel pale green with dorsal black spot laterally; flagellum pale, covered with back bristles, slightly shorter than forewing (Fig. 13 B); frons white; gena black; clypeus white, tinged with black laterally; maxillary, labial palpi black (Fig. 13 C). Mandibles both with prominent basal tooth (Fig. 17 D). FIGURE 14. Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. Wings. A = anal veins; bsx = basal subcostal crossvein; c.a = costal area; cx = costal crossvein; ig = inner gradates; im = intramedian cell; og = outer gradates; m-cu 2 = second medialcubital crossvein; r-m 1 = first radial crossvein; Rs = radial sector. Thorax. Pale green, with yellow, longitudinal band dorsally; pronotum wider than long, with dark red, longitudinal stripe laterally. Meso- and metanota with red-wine line dorsolaterally (Fig. 13 A). Pleura, sternal areas, legs pale green. Wings (Fig. 14): forewing, hindwing densely covered with black microtrichia apically. Forewing with longitudinal veins dark green; crossveins dark at intersections with longitudinal veins, not infuscate; costal crossveins, radial crossveins, basal subcostal crossvein, inner gradates, outer gradates, m–cu2, 1A, 2 A black. Outer, inner gradates in parallel series, slightly convergent apically. First radial crossvein originating after origin of radial sector, extending approximately to apex of intramedian cell; intramedian cell ovate. Hindwing with longitudinal veins green, black intersections with crossveins; costal crossveins, inner and outer gradates black. Abdomen. Yellowish green dorsally, green laterally, with dark red spots laterally on each tergite. Male terminalia (Fig. 15 A): T 9 +ect elongate basally, tapering at basal margin, covered by stalked setae; dorsal apodeme simple, reaching callus cerci. Sternite S 8 + 9 with a protuberance on the apical margin (Fig. 15 B), numerous setae stemming from thickened bases, ventral apodeme elongate. Male genitalia: gonarcus truncated in dorsal view (Fig. 15 C), slender in lateral view; lateral apodemes shaped like inverted comma, anterior extremity with truncated apex (Fig. 15 D); arcessus short, broad, decurved, trifurcate apically, with field of short setae beneath, dorsal rods parallel, (Fig. 15 C, D); gonosaccus with sparse, thin, scattered gonosetae (Fig. 15 D). Gonapsis expanded anteriorly, with short, acute projection laterally, wide with round, expanded margin apically (Fig. 15 F). Hypandrium internum V-shaped (Fig. 15 G). Female terminalia: S 7 ca. 2.0 times longer than wide, densely covered with medium-sized setae; T 9 +ect with dorsal, ventral margins round; callus cerci round, with ca. 24 trichobothria (Fig. 16 A). Female genitalia: spermatheca (Fig. 16 B–D) pillbox-shaped, spermathecal duct elongate; velum curved laterally; ventral impression shallow. Subgenitale cordate, with elongate medial notch (Fig. 16 E–F). Measurements. Male (n= 2): Head: width 1.2 – 1.2 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5 – 0.5 mm, width 0.9 – 0.9 mm. Forewing: length 10.7–10.8 mm, width 3.7–3.8 mm, length/width ratio = 2.8–2.9: 1. Five inner, five to six outer gradates. Hindwing: length 9.6–9.7 mm, width 2.9 –3.0 mm, length/width ratio = 3.2–3.3: 1. Four inner, four to five outer gradates. Female (n= 2): Head: width 1.– 1.1 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5 – 0.5 mm, width 0.9 – 0.9 mm. Forewing: length 11.0– 11.3 mm, width 3.9 – 3.9 mm, length/width ratio = 2.8–2.9: 1. Five inner, five outer gradates. Hindwing: length 9.6 –10.3 mm, width 2.8–3.1 mm, length/width ratio = 3.3–3.4: 1. Four to five inner, four to five outer gradates. Material examined. Allotype Ƥ: Brazil. Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 15.xi. 2008, Ferreira C. S Leg (MZUSP); Paratypes: Brazil. Minas Gerais. Tres pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 13.ix.2008, 13, 1 Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 13.ix.2008, 13, 1 Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC), head clarified, without abdomen; Same, 20.ix.2008, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 4.x.2008, 83, 5 ƤƤ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 18.x.2008, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 25.x.2008, 23, 1 Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 10.i.2009, 43, 3 ƤƤ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 13.vi.2009, 1Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 11.iv.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 25.iv.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 8.viii.2009, 13, 1 Ƥ (UCOB); Same, 6.vii.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (MIZA); Same, 13.ix.2008, 1Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (MIZA). Etymology. The name refers to the type locality “Tres Pontas, Minas Gerais, Brazil ” Species relationships. Titanochrysa trespuntensis sp. nov. is the only species in the genus with an protuberance on the apical margin of S 8 + 9, wings without black markings on membrane, and wide gonapsis with acute lateral projection. On the male, there are setae beneath the arcessus as in Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister) comb. nov., but T. trespuntensis males do not have X-shaped rods on the arcessus, or striations on the apical surface of the arcessus. Externally, T. trespuntensis resembles some Ungla species, but it can be distinguished from those species because its inner gradates meet the Psm vein and the males have a gonapsis. Geographical distribution. Brazil.Published as part of Sosa, Francisco & Freitas, Sergio De, 2012, A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), pp. 1-14 in Zootaxa 3351 on pages 13-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21066
Titanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas, sp. nov.
No full textTitanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. Holotype male: Brazil. Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 8.viii. 2009, Ferreira C. S Leg. Deposited in the Museum of Zoology, Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), São Paulo, Brazil. Measurements. Head: width 1.1 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5 mm, width 0.8 mm. Forewing: length 11.4 mm, width 4.1 mm, length/ width ratio = 2.8: 1. Five inner, six outer gradates. Hindwing: length 9.9 mm, width 3.3 mm, length/width ratio = 3: 1. Four inner, five outer gradates. Diagnosis. Adults olive green, with longitudinal dorsal yellowish green band. Protonum with dark red, longitudinal stripe laterally. Forewing inner gradates margined with round black spots, outer gradates veins lightly shaded. Microtholi present on S 2–8. Mandibles asymmetrical. Description. Head. Vertex striated transversally; occiput with red lateral spots (Fig. 9 A); scape and pedicel yellowish green with dark red longitudinal stripe laterally, extending onto antennal base (Fig. 9 B); flagellum pale, slightly shorter than forewing; frons creamy with dark red spots beneath scapes; clypeus white, marked with dark red laterally; gena dark red; maxillary and labial palpi black (Fig. 9 C); mandibles with prominent basal tooth on left mandible (Fig. 17 C). Thorax. Green, with yellowish green longitudinal band dorsally. Pronotum wider than long, green, with broad, longitudinal, dark red stripe laterally (Fig. 9 A); meso- and metanota pale green without markings; pleura, sternal areas, legs pale green. Wings (Fig. 10): forewing with longitudinal veins pale green; crossveins pale green, dark at intersections with longitudinal veins; costal crossveins with black extremities, radial crossveins with anterior extremity shaded black; inner and outer gradates black, arranged in parallel series; inner gradates margined by round, black spots, outer gradates lightly shaded. Hindwing with longitudinal veins, crossveins pale green, except terminal extremities of forked apical veins marked with dark spots. Abdomen. Green, with yellowish green band dorsally, posterior extremity of each segment, tinged with dark red dorsally. Male terminalia (Fig. 11 A): T 9 +ect elongate, basally tapering to acute terminus, covered anteriorly with scattered medium-sized setae; dorsal apodeme simple, straight reaching callus cerci ventrally; callus cerci ovate bearing 21–23 trichobothria; S 8 + 9 tapering; S 8 slightly longer than wide, densely covered with mediumsized setae and microtholi, dorsal margin dome-like; ventral apodeme of medium length. Male genitalia: Gonarcus truncated in dorsal view (Fig. 11 B); lateral apodemes narrow with inverted comma-shape, anterior extremity tapering to acute tip projected laterally (Fig. 11 B–E); arcessus short, with dorsal rods broad, decurved apically, dorsal surface lightly striated, flanked by lateral lobes (Fig. 11 D); gonosaccus simple, with few, thin, scattered gonosetae, densely covered by microsetae (Fig. 11 C, E). Gonapsis short, expanded anteriorly, spoon-shaped, with subapical teeth (Fig. 11 F). Hypandrium internum broadly U-shaped (Fig. 11 G). Female terminalia (Fig. 12 A): S 7 trapezoidal, ca. 2.5 times longer than wide; slightly tapering distally, densely covered with long, stalked setae, dorsal margin sinuous; T 9 +ect with dorsal margin straight, forming ca. 90 o angle at posterodorsal margin; posterior margin with ventral cleft beneath callus cerci; callus cerci ovate, with ca. 30 trichobothria (Fig. 12 A); spermatheca pillboxshaped, ventral impression deep, spermathecal duct elongate (Fig. 12 B–D). Subgenitale cordate, lobate dorsally (Fig. 12 E–F). Measurements. Male (n= 2): Head: width 1.1–1.2 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5 – 0.5 mm, width 0.8–0.9 mm. Forewing: length 11.4–11.8 mm, width 4.0– 4.2 mm, length/width ratio = 2.8–2.9. Four inner, five outer gradates. Hindwing: length 10.2–10.4 mm, width 3.0– 3.3 mm, length/width ratio = 3.2–3.4: 1. Three inner, four outer gradates. Females (n= 2): Head: width 1.2–1.3 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5–0.6 mm, width 0.9 – 0.9 mm. Forewing: length 12.6–13.8 mm, width 4.5 –5.0 mm, length/width ratio. Four to five inner, five to six outer gradates = 2.8 – 2.8. Hindwing: length 11.2–11.9 mm, width 3.7–3.9 mm, length/width ratio = 3.0– 3.1: 1. Three to four inner four to five outer gradates. FIGURE 10. Titanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. Wing venation. bsx = basal subcostal crossvein; c.a = costal area; cx = costal crossvein; ig = inner gradates; im = intramedian cell; og = outer gradates; r-m 1 = first radial crossvein; rx = radial crossvein; Rs = radial sector Material examined. Allotype: Brazil. Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 6.vi. 2009, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC). Paratypes: Brazil. Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 15.viii.2008, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 14.iii.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 6.vi.2009, 1Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 13.vi.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 20.vi.2009, 33, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 4.vii.2009, 13, 2 ƤƤ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 11.vii.2009, 43, 4 Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 25.vii.2009, 13, 2 ƤƤ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 8.viii.2009, 13, 2 ƤƤ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 5.ix.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 6.vi.2009, 23, Ferreira C. S Leg (UCOB); Same, 8.viii.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (MIZA). Remarks. In some specimens, the left and right wings show different venation, and sometimes two inner gradate veins are surrounded by a single spot. Etymology. The species is named in honor of the agricultural engineer Cleidson Soares Ferreira who collected many chrysopids from the southern part of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Species relationships. See T. pseudovaricosa comb. nov. Externally, Titanochrysa ferreirai sp. nov. resembles Ungla laufferi (Navás, 1922) based on descriptions provided by Freitas et al. (2009) and Tauber & Flint (2010). Both species have the frons tinged with red laterally; genae, lateral clypeus, maxillary and labial palpi black, and spermatheca pillbox-shaped. However, Titanochrysa ferreirai sp. nov. differs from U. laufferi in that it has a wide costal area, shading on the membrane around the inner gradates, and a cordate subgenitale with elongate distal section. Geographical distribution. Brazil.Published as part of Sosa, Francisco & Freitas, Sergio De, 2012, A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), pp. 1-14 in Zootaxa 3351 on pages 10-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21066
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