46 research outputs found
Numerical modeling of a snow cover on Hooker Island (Franz Josef Land archipelago)
No full textResults obtained by simulating snow characteristics with a numerical model of surface heat and moisture exchange SPONSOR are presented. The numerical experiments are carried out for Franz Josef Land with typical Arctic climate conditions. The blizzard evaporation parameter is shown to have great influence on snow depth on territories with high wind speed. This parameter significantly improves the simulation quality of the numerical model. Some discrepancies between evaluated and observed snow depth values can be explained by inaccuracies in precipitation measurements (at least in certain cases) and errors in calculations of incoming radiation, mostly due to low accuracy in the cloudiness observations
Proceedings SNOW. Erste Konferenz Technik.Tourismus.Landschaft TU Wien 3. bis 5. Nov. 2004
No full textContents
1. Introduction to TTL 8
2. Overview of Short Presentations 10
3. Ammermann, Ansgar and Leitner, Wolfgang 14
4. Arnberger, Arne and Brandenburg, Christiane 18
5. Auer, Ingeborg 24
6. Bacher, Michael with Hübl, Hannes 28
7. Blöschl, Günther and Kirnbauer, Robert 32
8. Breiling, Meinhard 34
9. Charamza, Pavel and Breiling, Meinhard 36
10. Farnleitner, Andreas and Mach, Robert 42
11. Feilmayr, Wolfgang 46
12. Jansa, Josef with Wagner, Wolfgang 50
13. Jansa, Josef with Blöschl, Günther and Kirnbauer, Robert 54
14. Holko, Ladislav 56
15. Kleemayr, Karl 60
16. König, Martin 62
17. Kostka, Zdeno and Holko, Ladislav 68
18. Krautzer, Bernhard 72
19. Mair, Rudolf 78
20. Petrushina, Marina 82
21. Puxbaum, Hans 86
22. Reichelt, Wolfgang 98
23. Rubinstein, Konstantin 102
24. Scheibl, Horst 106
25. Shmakin, Andrey 112
26. Shmakin, Andrey 116
27. Sokratov, Sergey 120
28. Stolba, Petra 124
29. Svardal, Karl and Kroiss, Helmut et al. 128
Appendices 132
A. Programme TTL Conference November 3rd – 5th 132
B. EU INTAS Project: Snow and Landscape 134Contents
1. Introduction to TTL 8
2. Overview of Short Presentations 10
3. Ammermann, Ansgar and Leitner, Wolfgang 14
4. Arnberger, Arne and Brandenburg, Christiane 18
5. Auer, Ingeborg 24
6. Bacher, Michael with Hübl, Hannes 28
7. Blöschl, Günther and Kirnbauer, Robert 32
8. Breiling, Meinhard 34
9. Charamza, Pavel and Breiling, Meinhard 36
10. Farnleitner, Andreas and Mach, Robert 42
11. Feilmayr, Wolfgang 46
12. Jansa, Josef with Wagner, Wolfgang 50
13. Jansa, Josef with Blöschl, Günther and Kirnbauer, Robert 54
14. Holko, Ladislav 56
15. Kleemayr, Karl 60
16. König, Martin 62
17. Kostka, Zdeno and Holko, Ladislav 68
18. Krautzer, Bernhard 72
19. Mair, Rudolf 78
20. Petrushina, Marina 82
21. Puxbaum, Hans 86
22. Reichelt, Wolfgang 98
23. Rubinstein, Konstantin 102
24. Scheibl, Horst 106
25. Shmakin, Andrey 112
26. Shmakin, Andrey 116
27. Sokratov, Sergey 120
28. Stolba, Petra 124
29. Svardal, Karl and Kroiss, Helmut et al. 128
Appendices 132
A. Programme TTL Conference November 3rd – 5th 132
B. EU INTAS Project: Snow and Landscape 13
CHANGES IN THE SNOW COVER THICKNESS AND OF DAILY SNOWFALL INTENSITY AFFECTING THE HIGHWAYS CLEANING EXPENSES IN RUSSIAN CITIES
No full textThe research results of cold season precipitation characteristics and their changes over Russiain 1950–2006, as well as their reflecting relation to conventional snow cleaning costs are reported. The changes of the amount of precipitation under negative air temperature, number of days with weak (0–2 mm/day), medium (2–5 mm/day), extreme (more 5 mm/day) snowfalls, and number of 5mm-precipitation series in Russia are explored. The tendency of snow amount increase in (1989–2006) as compared with (1950–1980) has been detected on almost entire territory of the country. The number of weak snowfalls increased statistically significantly over the most part of Russia. The number of medium and heavy snowfalls increased in the east of the European Russia and in the west of Siberia, and reduced in the northeast of Siberia. The cause of applied climate characteristics’ changes during the investigated period may be the variation of atmospheric circulation mechanisms, which occurred in the middle of 1970s. The circulation mechanism SCAND dominated in the formation of precipitation field in 1950–1974, while positive phase of NAO′ and its influence on winter precipitation became stronger in 1975–2006. The snow cleaning conventional costs increased inMoscow and Khanty-Mansiysk because of intensive development of the cities. The snow cleaning conventional costs decreased inSt. Petersburg andPetropavlovsk-on-Kamchatka, and the meteorological factor played significant role in that
GEOCHEMICAL BARRIERS IN SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS OF THE NORTHWEST FEDERAL DISTRICT IN ACCORDANCE WITH ENGINEERING SURVEY RESULTS AND MONITORING DATA
No full textTesting the method for surface air temperature refinement based on a complex of models of the atmospheric boundary layer and local heat and water budgets
No full textInfluence of snow cover on soil freezing and thawing in the West Spitsbergen
No full textThis paper presents the results of experimental research of snow cover influence on ground freezing/thawing in Svalbard. Observations show that even before the snow disappearance ground thaws for dozens of centimeters that increases the thaw depth later in the season. Under the snow cover of 40 cm the thaw depth can reach 35–50 cm. The thawing can be caused by melt water with slightly positive temperature, percolating under the snow cover near the ground surface. The data on ground temperature regime during a year under various snow depths are given. Under a shallow snow cover the ground cools significantly, and this process causes the slowing down subsequent thawing
Crustal displacements due to continental water loading
No full textpeer reviewedThe effects of long-wavelength (>100 km), seasonal variability in continental water storage on vertical crustal motions are assessed. The modeled vertical displacements (ΔrM) have root-mean-square (RMS) values for 1994–1998 as large as 8 mm, with ranges up to 30 mm, and are predominantly annual in character. Regional strains are on the order of 20 nanostrain for tilt and 5 nanostrain for horizontal deformation. We compare ΔrM with observed Global Positioning System (GPS) heights (ΔrO) (which include adjustments to remove estimated effects of atmospheric pressure and annual tidal and non-tidal ocean loading) for 147 globally distributed sites. When the ΔrO time series are adjusted by ΔrM, their variances are reduced, on average, by an amount equal to the variance of the ΔrM. Of the ΔrO time series exhibiting a strong annual signal, more than half are found to have an annual harmonic that is in phase and of comparable amplitude with the annual harmonic in the ΔrM. The ΔrM time series exhibit long-period variations that could be mistaken for secular tectonic trends or postglacial rebound when observed over a time span of a few years
The Changing Face of Arctic Snow Cover: A Synthesis of Observed and Projected Changes
No full textAnalysis of in situ and satellite data shows evidence of different regional snow cover responses to the widespread warming and increasing winter precipitation that has characterized the Arctic climate for the past 40-50 years. The largest and most rapid decreases in snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow cover duration (SCD) are observed over maritime regions of the Arctic with the highest precipitation amounts. There is also evidence of marked differences in the response of snow cover between the North American and Eurasian sectors of the Arctic, with the North American sector exhibiting decreases in snow cover and snow depth over the entire period of available in situ observations from around 1950, while widespread decreases in snow cover are not apparent over Eurasia until after around 1980. However, snow depths are increasing in many regions of Eurasia. Warming and more frequent winter thaws are contributing to changes in snow pack structure with important implications for land use and provision of ecosystem services. Projected changes in snow cover from Global Climate Models for the 2050 period indicate increases in maximum SWE of up to 15% over much of the Arctic, with the largest increases (15-30%) over the Siberian sector. In contrast, SCD is projected to decrease by about 10-20% over much of the Arctic, with the smallest decreases over Siberia (<10%) and the largest decreases over Alaska and northern Scandinavia (30-40%) by 2050. These projected changes will have far-reaching consequences for the climate system, human activities, hydrology, and ecology
Численное моделирование снежного покрова на о. Гукера (архипелаг Земля Франца-Иосифа)
Get PDFResults obtained by simulating snow characteristics with a numerical model of surface heat and moisture exchange SPONSOR are presented. The numerical experiments are carried out for Franz Josef Land with typical Arctic climate conditions. The blizzard evaporation parameter is shown to have great influence on snow depth on territories with high wind speed. This parameter significantly improves the simulation quality of the numerical model. Some discrepancies between evaluated and observed snow depth values can be explained by inaccuracies in precipitation measurements (at least in certain cases) and errors in calculations of incoming radiation, mostly due to low accuracy in the cloudiness observations.Рассмотрены результаты численного воспроизведения характеристик снежного покрова с помощью модели тепловлагообмена SPONSOR. Эксперименты проводились для Земли Франца-Иосифа с типичным арктическим климатом. Установлено, что на территориях, где наблюдаются высокие скорости ветра, толщина снежного покрова в значительной степени связана с величиной метелевого испарения. Учёт этого параметра заметно улучшает качество расчётов численной модели. Некоторые расхождения между рассчитанными и реальными значениями толщины снежного покрова можно объяснить неточностями в измерениях осадков и погрешностями вычислений приходящей солнечной радиации. Последнее, в основном, объясняется невысокой точностью наблюдений за облачностью
ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ТОЛЩИНЫ СНЕЖНОГО ПОКРОВА И СУТОЧНОЙ ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ СНЕГОПАДОВ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА РАСХОДЫ ПО УБОРКЕ МАГИСТРАЛЕЙ В РОССИЙСКИХ ГОРОДАХ
No full textThe research results of cold season precipitation characteristics and their changes over Russiain 1950–2006, as well as their reflecting relation to conventional snow cleaning costs are reported. The changes of the amount of precipitation under negative air temperature, number of days with weak (0–2 mm/day), medium (2–5 mm/day), extreme (more 5 mm/day) snowfalls, and number of 5mm-precipitation series in Russia are explored. The tendency of snow amount increase in (1989–2006) as compared with (1950–1980) has been detected on almost entire territory of the country. The number of weak snowfalls increased statistically significantly over the most part of Russia. The number of medium and heavy snowfalls increased in the east of the European Russia and in the west of Siberia, and reduced in the northeast of Siberia. The cause of applied climate characteristics’ changes during the investigated period may be the variation of atmospheric circulation mechanisms, which occurred in the middle of 1970s. The circulation mechanism SCAND dominated in the formation of precipitation field in 1950–1974, while positive phase of NAO′ and its influence on winter precipitation became stronger in 1975–2006. The snow cleaning conventional costs increased inMoscow and Khanty-Mansiysk because of intensive development of the cities. The snow cleaning conventional costs decreased inSt. Petersburg andPetropavlovsk-on-Kamchatka, and the meteorological factor played significant role in that
