1,721,002 research outputs found
X-ray tomography: how to evaluate the reconstruction quality?
No full textDifferent reconstruction techniques are used to reconstruct the distribution of the physical characteristics, describing a sample under investigation, from a set of tomographic projections. We present a technique for the evaluation of the reconstruction quality. The technique is based on the comparison of two images (phantom and reconstructed image) by means of the correlation coefficient and of the mean square error between them. In parallel, the correlation coefficient and mean square error are calculated for the wavelet transforms of the phantom and reconstructed images. The scales for the wavelet transform are chosen in agreement with the major geometric parameters of the phantom. Then the correlation coefficient of the wavelet transform with the chosen scale yields an evaluation of the quality of the phantom parameters reconstruction. The accuracy of the parameters reconstruction is determined by the mean square error for the selected scale. The phantom used for the analysis is a medium with randomly distributed grains. The distribution is characterized by two parameters: grain size and grain density (average number of grains per unit area). The parameters are used as the scales for the wavelet transform calculation. We make a comparison of the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) and the Filtered Back Projection Algorithm
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scanning tomography
No full textIn cases where the effect of interest changes the direction of the incoming radiation, the image pixels are no longer decoupled and the sample has to be scanned sequentially using a small focused beam to avoid the information from different regions of the sample being convoluted irreversibly. This chapter describes such scanning methods. Three examples are presented: tomography using fluorescent X-ray radiation, tomography exploiting the absorption fine structure near the absorption edges, and tomography utilizing small-angle scattering from mesoscopic structures within the sample
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