164 research outputs found
Advances in proteomic technologies and their scope of application in understanding plant–pathogen interactions
No full textProteomics, one of the major tools of ‘omics’ is evolving phenomenally since the development and application
of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry at the end of twentieth century. However,
the adoption and application of advanced proteomic technologies in understanding plant–pathogen interactions
are far less, when compared to their application in other related fields of systems biology. Hence, this review is
diligently focused on the advances in various proteomic approaches and their gamut of applications in different facets of phyto-pathoproteomics. Especially, the scope and application of proteomics in understanding fundamental concepts of plant–pathogen interactions such as identification of pathogenicity determinants (effector proteins), disease resistance proteins (resistance and pathogenesisrelated proteins) and their regulation by post-translational modifications have been portrayed. This review, for the first time, presents a critical appraisal of various proteomic applications by assessing all phyto-pathoproteomics-related research publications that were published in peer reviewed journals, during the period 2000–2016. This assessment has revealed the present status and contribution of proteomic applications in different categories of p phytopathoproteomics, namely, cellular components, host–pathogen interactions, model and non-model plants, and utilization of different proteomic approaches. Comprehensively, the analysis highlights the burgeoning application of global proteome approaches in various crop diseases, and demand for acceleration in deploying advanced proteomic technologies to thoroughly comprehend the intricacies of complex and rapidly evolving plant–pathogen interactions
Comparative secretome analysis of Colletotrichum falcatum identifies a cerato-platanin protein (EPL1) as a potential pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) inducing systemic resistance in sugarcane
No full textColletotrichum falcatum, an intriguing hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen causes the devastating red rot disease
of sugarcane. Repeated in vitro subculturing of C. falcatum under dark condition alters morphology and reduces
virulence of the culture. Hitherto, no information is available on this phenomenon at molecular level.
In this study, the in vitro secretome of C. falcatum cultured under light and dark conditions was analyzed
using 2-DE coupled with MALDI TOF/TOF MS. Comparative analysis identified nine differentially abundant
proteins. Among them, seven proteins were less abundant in the dark-cultured C. falcatum, wherein only
two protein species of a cerato-platanin protein called EPL1 (eliciting plant response-like protein) were found
to be highly abundant. Transcriptional expression of candidate high abundant proteins were profiled during
host-pathogen interaction using qRT-PCR. Comprehensively, this comparative secretome analysis identified
five putative effectors, two pathogenicity-related proteins and one pathogen-associated molecular pattern
(PAMP) of C. falcatum. Functional characterization of three distinct domains of the PAMP (EPL1) showed
that the major cerato-platanin domain (EPL1 Δ N1–92) is exclusively essential for inducing defense and hypersensitive
response (HR) in sugarcane and tobacco, respectively. Further, priming with EPL1 Δ N1–92 protein
induced systemic resistance and significantly suppressed the red rot disease severity in sugarcane.
Biological significance
Being the first secretomic investigation of C. falcatum, this study has identified five potential effectors,
two pathogenicity-related proteins and a PAMP. Although many reports have highlighted the influence of
light on pathogenicity, this study has established a direct link between light and expression of effectors, for
the first time. This study has presented the influence of a novel N-terminal domain of EPL1 in physical and
biological properties and established the functional role of major cerato-platanin domain of EPL1 as a potential
elicitor inducing systemic resistance in sugarcane. Comprehensively, the study has identified proteins that
putatively contribute to virulence of C. falcatum and for the first time, demonstrated the potential role of EPL1
in inducing PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in sugarcane
Stroke-Like episodes and epilepsy in a patient with COQ8A-Related coenzyme Q10 deficiency
No full textCoenzyme q10 (CoQ10) deficiency is an extremely uncommon disease that has very rarely been reported in adulthood. This case describes an elderly male with ataxia since adolescence, and visual disturbance since 40, presenting with recurrent episodes of seizures. Imaging revealed stroke-like episodes, with other immune and infective evaluations being negative. He was eventually diagnosed to have Primary CoQ10 deficiency secondary to CoQ8A mutation. This account highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing primary Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, especially when it presents later in life with atypical features such as stroke-like episodes
Quantitative secretomic analysis of haploid and dikariotic stages of Sporisorium scitamineum - novel insights into the pathogenesis of the sugarcane smut fungus
No full textCfPDIP1, a novel secreted protein of Colletotrichum falcatum, elicits defense responses in sugarcane and triggers hypersensitive response in tobacco
No full textColletotrichum falcatum, a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, causes one of the major devastating diseases of sugarcane-red rot. C. falcatum secretes a plethora of molecular signatures that might play a crucial role during its interaction with sugarcane. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a novel secreted protein of C. falcatum that elicits defense responses in sugarcane and triggers hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. The novel protein purified from the culture filtrate of C. falcatum was identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS and designated as C. falcatum plant defense-inducing protein 1 (CfPDIP1). Temporal transcriptional profiling showed that the level of CfPDIP1 expression was greater in incompatible interaction than the compatible interaction until 120 h post-inoculation (hpi). EffectorP, an in silico tool, has predicted CfPDIP1 as a potential effector. Functional characterization of full length and two other domain deletional variants (CfPDIP1ΔN1-21 and CfPDIP1ΔN1-45) of recombinant CfPDIP1 proteins has indicated that CfPDIP1ΔN1-21 variant elicited rapid alkalinization and induced a relatively higher production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in sugarcane suspension culture. However, in Nicotiana tabacum, all the three forms of recombinant CfPDIP1 proteins triggered HR along with the induction of H2O2 production and callose deposition. Further characterization using detached leaf bioassay in sugarcane revealed that foliar priming with CfPDIP1∆1-21 has suppressed the extent of lesion development, even though the co-infiltration of CfPDIP1∆1-21 with C. falcatum on unprimed leaves increased the extent of lesion development than control. Besides, the foliar priming has induced systemic expression of major defense-related genes with the concomitant reduction of pathogen biomass and thereby suppression of red rot severity in sugarcane. Comprehensively, the results have suggested that the novel protein, CfPDIP1, has the potential to trigger a multitude of defense responses in sugarcane and tobacco upon priming and might play a potential role during plant-pathogen interactions
Comparative proteomics of sugarcane smut fungus - Sporisorium scitamineum unravels dynamic proteomic alterations during the dimorphic transition
No full textLife cycle of the dimorphic sugarcane smut fungi, Sporisorium scitamineum , involves recognition and mating of compatible saprophytic yeast -like haploid sporidia (MAT -1 and MAT -2) that upon fusion, develop into infective dikaryotic mycelia. Although the dimorphic transition is intrinsically linked with the pathogenicity and virulence of S. scitamineum , it has never been studied using a proteomic approach. In the present study, an iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis of three distinct stages was carried out. The stages were: the dimorphic transition period - haploid sporidial stage (MAT -1 and MAT -2); the transition phase (24 h post co -culturing (hpc)) and the dikaryotic mycelial stage (48 hpc). Functional categorization of differentially abundant proteins showed that the most altered biological processes were energy production, primary metabolism, especially, carbohydrate, amino acid, fatty acid, followed by translation, post -translation and protein turnover. Several differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), especially in the dikaryotic mycelial stage were predicted as effectors. Taken together, key molecular mechanisms underpinning the dimorphic transition in S. scitamineum at the proteome level were highlighted. The catalogue of stage -specific and dimorphic transition -associated -proteins and potential effectors identified herein represents a list of potential candidates for defective mutant screening to elucidate their functional role in the dimorphic transition and pathogenicity in S. scitamineum . Biological significance: Being the first comparative proteomics analysis of S. scitamineum , this study comprehensively examined three pivotal life cycle stages of the pathogen: the non-pathogenic haploid phase, the transition phase, and the pathogenic dikaryotic mycelial stage. While previous studies have reported the sugarcane and S. scitamineum interactions, this study endeavored to specifically identify the proteins responsible for pathogenicity. By analyzing the proteomic alterations between the haploid and dikaryotic mycelial phases, the study revealed significant changes in metabolic pathway -associated proteins linked to energy production, notably oxidative phosphorylation, and the citrate cycle. Furthermore, this study successfully identified key metabolic pathways that undergo reprogramming during the transition from the non-pathogenic to the pathogenic stage. The study also deciphered the underlying mechanisms driving the morphological and physiological alterations crucial for the S. scitamineum virulence. By studying its life cycle stages, identifying the key metabolic pathways and stage -specific proteins, it provides unprecedented insights into the pathogenicity and potential avenues for intervention. As proteomics continues to advance, such studies pave the way for a deeper understanding of plantpathogen interactions and the development of innovative strategies to mitigate the impact of devastating pathogens like S. scitamineum
Proteomic analysis of a compatible interaction between sugarcane and Sporisorium scitamineum
No full textSmut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is one of the important diseases of sugarcane with global significance. Despite the intriguing nature of sugarcane - S. scitamineum interaction, several pertinent aspects remain unexplored. This study investigates the proteome level alterations occurring in the meristem of a S. scitamineum infected susceptible sugarcane cultivar at whip emergence stage. Differentially abundant proteins were identified by 2-DE coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Comprehensively, 53 sugarcane proteins identified were related to defense, stress, metabolism, protein folding, energy and cell division; in addition, a putative effector of S. scitamineum - chorismate mutase was identified. Transcript expression vis-à-vis the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase were relatively higher in the infected meristem. Abundance of seven candidate proteins in 2D gel profiles was in correlation with its corresponding transcript expression levels as validated by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, this study has opened up new perspectives on the interaction between sugarcane and S. scitamineum. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
THE ‘JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY’ (JASIST): A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
No full textThis paper presents a quantitative study of source items published in JASIST Journal. It mainly focuses on growth of source items; the citation and cited references cited; domain wise distribution of source items; authorship and collaborative pattern; prominent authors based on h-index; geographical distribution; and assessment of successful papers based on specific indicator. A total of 2224 source items published in 255 issues of 12 volumes of JASIST journal. There is an upward steady growth in number of source items, times cited and cited references during 2001-2012. Information Technology and Library technology; Information source support channels; Users literacy and reading; Information treatment and Information services are the macro and micro domain fields of Information Science and Technology. Article; Book Review; Editorial Material; Letter; Review; article proceeding papers are the major document type of the JASIST publication. Most source items i.e. 971; 610; and 360 of source papers respectively have come with single, second and third authorship pattern. The most number of papers have contributed from USA (996); UK (226) and Canada (124). The country wise source items impact factor, h-index have been measured based on local citations, USA (14 h-index); UK (11 h-index) and Canada and Netherland each having 8 h-index. There are prominent authors, have been identified based on the higher value of h-index. According to this Leydesdorff L and Spink A both were considered top rank with having 8 h-index each. This paper also depicts successful papers measured by its number of citations i.e. time cited
Differential Induction of Phenylpropanoid Metabolites in Suspension-Cultured Cells of Sugarcane by Fungal Elicitors
No full textThe effect of elicitors isolated from the mycelial walls of Colletotrichum falcatum (the red rot pathogen of sugarcane) and from C. lindemuthianum (a non-pathogen) in suspension-cultured cells of sugarcane was studied. Both the elicitors induced the synthesis of enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway such as PAL, TAL and 4CL and also resulted in the enhanced accumulation of phenolics. However, a specific induction of the defense parameters at higher levels was recorded in suspension cells treated with the pathogen elicitor and no such differential response was observed in the case of the non-pathogen elicitor. Elicitor induced necrosis and browning of cells were observed which suggests an additional evidence that elicitors simulate pathogen infection and thus provide a valuable reason that study on elicitor induced responses may be useful in understanding the host defense mechanisms against the red rot pathogen at molecular level
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