1,501 research outputs found
Il contributo delle aree assestate a fronte delle richieste poste dal protocollo di Kyoto: un esempio dalla Regione Veneto
No full textIl Protocollo di Kyoto consente ai Paesi inseriti nell’Annesso I, come l’Italia, di avvalersi delle attività legate alla Gestione Forestale come misura complementare per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi fissati in sede internazionale. Obiettivo del presente studio è realizzare un’indagine preliminare volta a proporre una prima valutazione del ruolo che possono assumere, in tale contesto, le aree assestate presenti nel nostro Paese.
Utilizzando il database «Gestione Piani di Assestamento» della Direzione Regiona- le Foreste ed Economia Montana del Veneto (PILLI e ANFODILLO, 2006) sono stati stimati lo stock e le capacità fissative delle fustaie assestate presenti nel territorio regionale. A tale scopo è stata utilizzata sia la metodologia proposta dalle Good Practice Guidance dell’Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, con l’impiego di fattori di espansione della biomassa (NABUURS et al., 2003), sia un modello funzionale basato sull’applicazione di equazioni allometriche (PILLI et al., 2006).
I risultati, oltre ad evidenziare la possibilità di pervenire ad una stima diretta delle capacità fissative di tali formazioni sfruttando le sole informazioni assestamentali già disponibili, eventualmente integrate da specifiche indagini, dimostrano le potenzialità offerte dall’applicazione di equazioni allometriche in loco dei fattori di espansione della biomassa ricavati da fonti bibliografiche
Forest functions and space: a geohistorical perspective of European forests
No full textThe history of man has been linked to the history of wood since prehistoric
times and because the forest is the main place where this resource is available,
forest spaces are also directly linked to the evolution of human society.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the historical evolution of the functions
assigned by humans to forests, highlighting how they affect the production
of space from a diachronic perspective. Focusing our attention on some
European countries, we highlight that although historically, wood production
was the most important function provided by wooded lands, other functions
were also attributed to forests. The awareness of these functions emerged
when an overexploitation of forest resources produced a lack of a specific service.
When these services corresponded to a societal demand, they produced
welfare benefits for the society, which were recognized as forest functions.
Thus even the functions evolved in time according to the evolution of societal
needs. Evaluating when and how each societal demand emerged, and consequently
the moment each function was recognized, is an essential prerequisite
even for a more accurate interpretation of current forest management practices.
Not only is the temporal dimension of forest functions relevant, so is the
spatial scale, which may differ considerably between them, ranging from the
specific forest area and its owner for the productive function; to the catchment
area and its inhabitants for the protective function; to a potentially
larger area for the cultural and biodiversity function; and to the entire globe
for the carbon-retention function. The strict, and sometimes competing, interactions
between these functions may also be recognized in the production of
space, which evolved in time according to the evolution of the corresponding
societal needs. A forest parcel assigned to a productive function is a material
space, marked in the field by colored signs, but it may also be virtually represented
by a forest model or be part of some protected area. But this picture
would change if, instead of looking at the present, we consider the past and
the different sensations and representations concerned with forests. These
complex interactions, between different functions and spatial dimensions, justify
the need to balance a segregative management system with a wider, multifunctional
integrated approach. What has emerged from our study is that to
reach this difficult equilibrium, it is useful to consider the production processes
of these forest spaces. Through this analytical approach, we can understand
the interactions occurring over time between the evolution of the
demands expressed by society and the main changes occurred on the forest
landscape
Quantitative descriptive analysis as a strategic tool in research activities relating to innovative meat tenderisation technologies
No full textSensory analysis plays a significant role in developing innovative technology from prototype to industrial stage, and above all, in the meat industry. The starting hypothesis is that the quantitative descriptive analysis is crucial to optimise an innovative process for tenderising meat before the scale-up stage because it provides information that instrumental and consumer science analyses cannot achieve. With this in mind, the present study describes the detailed protocol of the quantitative descriptive analysis, which was developed and optimised to contribute to the prototype development stage of new meat tenderising technology. This study applied the quantitative descriptive analysis to evaluate the sensory characteristics of semitendinosus beef meats submitted to the tenderising process by combining exogenous enzymes and ultra-sound radiation treatments. A correlation analysis was performed among sensory and instrumental data. A significant and negative correlation was found only among texture parameters evaluated by sensory and instrumental parameters (R > 0.81 and P < 0.05). Conversely, no significant correlation (P > 0.05) was found between sensory and instrumental chromatic characteristics. Moreover, the quantitative descriptive analysis was a valuable tool because it provided precious information on the appearance of the treated raw meat (score less than 6), which was not detected by instrumental analyses. This information is precious because the appearance of raw meat is fundamental to the consumer buying decision process. Based on the results obtained through sensory analysis, we could highlight the necessity of optimising technological processing before the industrialisation stage to avoid a probable failure of this production method when applied to the market
Is there a role for immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma?
No full textIncidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has been rising in the last two decades because of the wide exposure to hepatitis C virus during 1960s and 1970s. Improvement in treatment has been achieved by local ablative therapies, however because of early recurrence and lack of effective chemotherapies, alternative treatments based on stimulation of the anti-tumour immune response could represent new strategies to control hepatocellular carcinoma spread and recurrence. Proof of principle of an effective immunotherapy has been achieved for other solid tumours such as melanoma and several results could be transferred to the immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Specific tumour antigens have been identified in hepatocellular carcinoma, such as cancer testis antigens expressed in a large part of hepatocellular carcinomas and alpha-fetoprotein that has been already employed in clinical trials demonstrating immunogenicity without however significant clinical efficacy. Better results have been achieved by non-antigen-specific immunotherapies that demonstrated improvement in recurrence and recurrence-free survival in patients undergoing surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Passive immunotherapy and targeted therapies blocking tumour cell receptors or enzymatic pathways are already in the clinic for other malignancies and the near future will see these new treatments applied to hepatocellular carcinoma patients along with the development of efficacious active immunotherapies aimed at reducing disease recurrence and improving survival. © 2005 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l
Imunogenesitas Protein Pilli Salmonella Typhi Pada Mencit Balb/C Dengan Mengukur Kadar TNF-α: Imunogenesity Of Protein Pilli Salmonella typhi in BALB/c Mice by Measuring TNF-α Controls
No full textTyphoid fever, often called typhoid disease, is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serevoar typhi (Salmonella typhi). The virulence of S.typhi bacteria depends on its ability to invade host cells consisting of several components such as cell wall antigens, flagellum antigens, Vi antigens and pilli antigens. Pilli is one of the virulence factors of S.typhi bacteria, which functions as a tool for adhesion or interaction between bacteria. The study was conducted to determine how the immunogenicity of pilli protein of S.typhi bacteria isolate BA07.4 was immunized in Balb/C mice at varying doses (2-6μg) by measuring TNF- α. The analysis carried out obtained the optimum results of TNF-α levels at a dose of 3μg with an average level of 62.152 pg / ml. In the research conducted, it was found that S.typhi pilli protein can induce specific antibodies against pilli antigens. This shows that the pilli protein is immunogenic, can cause an immune response and can induce antibodies that can recognize the immunized pilli protein sub-unit
Development of a vegetable oil and egg proteins edible film to replace preservatives and primary packaging of sweet baked goods
No full textAn innovative edible film made with vegetable oil and egg proteins was evaluated as a replacement for preservatives and primary plastic packaging for sweet goods. The shelf-life of products with and without the edible film was evaluated by storing the products for 85 days at room temperature (25–28 °C) and atmospheric pressure. The edible film did not compromise the sensory characteristics of the sweet goods and had a high barrier against water permeation (WVP: 250 g*μm/m2*24 h*kPa). After the storage period, the samples covered with the edible film showed slight increase in moisture on the crust (24.80% vs 97.29%), no fungal development (0 vs 1.4*104 CFU), slight increase in hardness and moderate decrease in cohesiveness (19.52 vs 31.14%). This study presents a novel packaging material for confectionary industries that eliminates the use of preservatives and decreases the need for plastic packaging without compromising on the shelf-life of these foods
First total synthesis of Aspinolide B, a new pentaketide produced by Aspergillus ochraceus
No full textThe first asymmetric total synthesis of Aspinolide B (1), a new 10-membered lactone discovered by chemical screening methods in the cultures of Aspergillus ochraceus, has been accomplished. The key steps included a selective Felkin-type addition of TMS-acetylene to aldehyde 3a and a Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling reaction to build the required 10-membered ring. This synthesis confirmed the absolute stereochemistry of aspinolide B, established through Helmchen's method and corrected its previously reported specific optical rotation
- …
