944 research outputs found
Lietuvos istorikas Jurgis Orda
No full textThe report presents Jerzy Orda (1905.03.20--1972.06.06), a Lithuanian historian, Polish by origin, who wrote in Polish and Russian. He was well known both as an expert in the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the history and architecture of Vilnius, and a Lithuanian archivist and archeographer. Scientific circles, however, did not know that Jerzy Orda had contributed much to the historiography of Lithuania\u27s history, since his historiographical study, „Sources of Lithuania History Until 1795" (1949), has not yet been published. This study is considered to be the first historiographical review after the Second World War and has many features of the survey of written historical sources. It gives his point of view on the historiography of history as well. The study resembles the historiographical attitude of a well-known Russian historiographer, Vladimir Ikonnikov.
The report investigated the study of Jerzy Orda being of great importance to Lithuanian historiography, as well as his short historiographical manuscript „Vilnius\u27 Central Archive of Manuscripts" (1948). The report also deals with Jerzy Orda\u27s unquestionable contribution to Lithuania\u27s history concerning Trakai and the castle history. The short article „Trakai Peninsula Castle" was published in 1960. It can be considered a solution to a very important problem related to the historiography of Lithuanian history
Altın Orda-İlhanlı münasebetleri
No full textXIII. yüzyılın başlarında Çengiz Han tarih sahnesine çıkarak Büyük İmparatorluğu'nu kurmuş ve daha hayattayken imparatorluğu kendi oğulları arasında paylaştırmıştır. Ancak Çengiz Han, uluslar arasındaki kesin sınırları belirlememiştir. Altın Orda ile İlhanlılar arasındaki mücadelenin en önemli sebebi, bu iki devletin Âzerbâycân ve Gürcistan topraklarını paylaşamamalarıdır. Bölgenin coğrafî ve stratejik önemi, buradan geçen ticarî yolların ehemmiyeti, Memlûklu sultanlarının İlhanlılar'ı Suriye'den uzak tutmak için cihad gibi önemli bir kozu kullanarak Altın Orda hanlarını kışkırtmaları, Berke Han'ın kibirliliği, iki ulus arasındaki mücadelenin başlıca sebepleri olmuştur. Bir asırdan fazla süren bu mücadele sırasında, Altın Orda hanları Memlûklu sultanlarına yakınlaşırken, İlhanlılar da Papa ve Avrupa devletleri ile temasa geçmişlerdir. Berke, Toktâ ve Özbek hanlar zamanında mücadeleler kızışmış, fakat her iki taraf da kesin bir netice alamamıştır. Ancak Ebû Sa'îd'in ölümüyle İlhanlı Devleti yıkılma sürecine girince, Altın Orda Hanı Canibek, bundan istifade ederek kısa süreliğine de olsa, Âzerbâycân'ı ele geçirmeye muvaffak olmuştur. Altın Orda Devleti, artık elde ettiği başarıyı kullanamadığı bir zamanda Âzerbâycân'ı ele geçirdiğinden, bunun bir faydası olmamıştır. İki ulusun mücadelesi en çok Memlûklu Devleti'nin işine yaramıştır. Zirâ, Altın Orda ile savaşan İlhanlılar bütün güçlerini Suriye üzerine yönlendirememişlerdir. Altın Orda Devleti, Âzerbâycân üzerindeki iddiasını Toktamış Han zamanında da Timur'a karşı savaşarak devam ettirmiştir. Ancak, Toktamış Han da başarılı olamamış ve Altın Orda Devleti de tıpkı İlhanlılar gibi parçalanma sürecine girmiştir.It goes back to the XIII'th century, when Cengiz Khan appeared to be in the historical process, creating the Great Empire, breaking it into pieces ans spreading it among his sons. Cengiz Khan hadn't determined the certain borders among the so called nations (ulus). The main reason of the struggle between the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanid was the division of land. Other main reasons were geographical and strategical importance of Adharbaijan and Georgian region and its trade routes, the Saltanat that used the jihad to keep the Ilkhanid away from Syria making the Golden Horde believe in that and the Berke's pride. While the relations between the Golden Horde khans and the Mamluks Sultanat were getting closer and warmer during this struggle that lasted more than for a century, the Ilkhanid made a contact with Papa and the European countries. At the ruling time of Berke, Toqta and Ozbek khans the struggle reached the top, but for the both sides there was no results. The death of Abû Sa'îd is considered to be the basis for the foreseen ruin of the Ilkhanid country and using this opportunity, even if for a short period of time, the Khan of the Golden Horde Janibek, succeeded to conquer the Adharbaijan. But the Golden Horde hadn't used this success, so there was no use of this conquer. This struggle of two ulus was the thing, that was mostly wanted by the Mamluks, because during the war with the Golden Horde the Ilkhanid hadn't put all their strength closer to Syria side. The Golden Horde hadn't dropped the Adharbaijan pretension at the time of Toqtamish Khan and kept struggling against Timur. But, as a result, Toqtamish Khan hadn't succeeded either and the Golden Horde, the same as the Ilkhanid, had been broken into pieces
Szelénnel dúsított gomolya és orda előállítása
No full textA szelén egy a szervezet számára nélkülözhetetlen mikroelem. Mivel Magyarország hiányos szelénellátottságú országnak minősül, ráadásul a szelén hasznosulása a szervezetben csekély mértékű, ezért mindenképpen szükségünk van külső segítséggel történő pótlására. Ennek a fogyasztó számára egyik egyszerűbb módja az, ha az alapvető élelmiszerekkel viszi be a szervezetébe. Kutatásainkban azt vizsgáltuk, hogy előállítható-e magas szeléntartalmú gomolya és orda a szarvasmarhák takarmányozásának módosítása révén. Ennek során napi 1-2 mg Se/nap szeléntartalmú élesztővel egészítettük ki a szarvasmarhák takarmányát, és azt tapasztaltuk, hogy 1 mg-mal történő kiegészítés hatására a tej szeléntartalma 18 pg/kg-ról 31 pg/kg-ra, 2 mg-mal kiegészítve pedig 53 pg/kg-ra nőtt. Ezen utóbbiból előállított gomolya szeléntartalmát 138,1 (66,0), az ordáét pedig 167,2 (80,8) pg/kg-nak mértük (zárójelben a kontroll értékek szerepelnek). Kutatásaink során megállapítást nyert, hogy a 2 mg szelénnel dúsított tejből készült gomolya és orda majd két és félháromszor annyi szelént tartalmazott, mint a szelénkiegészítés nélküli tejből készült változatok
Appel à article ORDA / Mundos Plurales | Les transitions en débat dans les Amériques
No full textEn co-édition ORDA/Mundos pluriales : Remise de la première version des textes : juillet 2023. La thématique des "transitions" a acquis une place éminente dans les discours scientifiques mais aussi politiques. Elle suggère une alliance nouvelle entre la science, la technologie, la politique et la société tant il paraît urgent d'anticiper sur les effets transformants qu’ils sont censés avoir. Ce numéro prévu pour 2024 a la spécificité d'être une co-édition dans la revue ORDA (en français/Univ..
Altın Orda Hanlığı’nda Batu dönemi
No full text06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Cuçi'nin ölmesinden sonra Cengiz Kağan Cuçi ulusuna verdiği toprakları ikili devlet teşkilatı geleneğine göre düzenlemiştir. Batu Han'ı ulusun başına geçirerek kardeşi Orda'yı da ona tabii kılmıştır. Birinci bölümde I.Deşt-i Kıpçak Seferinde gerçekleşen olaylar ile II. Deşti Kıpçak Seferi öncesinde Karakurum'da yapılan kurultaylara değinilmiştir. İkinci bölümde II. Deşt-Kıpçak Seferi ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde Batu Han öncülüğünde kurulan Altın Orda Devleti ve Batu Han'ın Anadolu, Kafkasya ve Rusya politikası üzerine durulmuştur. Dördüncü bölümde Ögedey Kağan'ın ölmesi üzerine Batu'nun Karakurum ile ilgili olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Beşinci bölümde Batu Han'ın Kağanlığı kabul etmeyip, istediği kişiyi Kağan olarak başa geçirmesi ve bu süreçte izlediği siyaset üzerine durulmuştur. Altıncı bölümde Batu Han öncülüğünde kurulan Altın Orda Devleti'nin iktisadi ve sosyal yaşantısı yer almaktadır. Yedinci bölümde Batu Han'ın son yılları ile ölümü anlatılmıştır. Burada Rusların gözüyle Batu Han incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda Batu sonrasında Batu Han ile ilgili ortaya çıkan efsanelere yer verilmiştir. Çalışmamızda genel olarak, Batu Han döneminde Altın Orda Devleti'nin siyasi, sosyal ve kültürel yönleri incelenerek, Deşt-i Kıpçak üzerinde ortaya koydukları mücadele anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Batu Han'ın Rusya'da, Avrupa'da verdiği mücadele işlenmiştir. Dönemin önemli seyyahları P. Carpini ve W.Rubruk'un Tatarlar hakkında verdiği bilgilere dayanarak o dönemle ilgili bilgiler hakkında fikir sahibi olmamız sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca Altın Orda Devlet'i dönemi ana kaynakları ve yerli, yabancı araştırma eserlerinde ortaya çıkardığımız bilgiler doğrultusunda Batu Han'ın olumlu veya olumsuz yönleri incelenmiştir.After the death of Jochi, Cenghis Khan arranged the lands which given the Jochi nation according to the tradition of dual state organization. Cenghis Khan appointed Batu Khan to rule the state by stimulating him to take the control of the nation. The events which are mentioned in the first part are 1st Dasht-i Qipchak Campaing and 2nd quriltai held in Karakurum before Dasht-i Qipchak Expedition. Beside these events, in the second part, 2nd Dasht-i Qipchak expedition is discussed. The third section focused on the state of Golden Horde and the politics of Batu Khan in Anatolia, Caucasus and Russia. Additionally, in fourth section, after the death of Ögedei Khan, the relationship between Batu and Karakurum is examined. In the fifth section, Batu Khan's refusal to accept Khaganate and his reign as Khan and his politics during this period are discussed. In the sixth section, the economic and social life of the Golden State is explained in a detailed way. In the seventh chapter, Batu Khan's twilight years and his death are reported. On the other hand Batu Khan is also examined by the perspectives of the Russians and the legends are suggested which emerged after the death of Batu Khan. As a general, in this inquiry the political, social and cultural aspects of the Golden Horde State in Batu Khan period and their struggle against Dasht-i Qipchak are approved to explain in a particulae way. In this context, the struggle of Batu Khan in Russia and in Europe is studied. Based on the information provided by the important travelers of the period, P. Carpini and W. Rubruk offer an insight into about that period. In conclusion, in accordance with the main sources of the Golden Horde State period and the knowledge which have been uncovered in domestic and foreign investigations, the positive and negative aspects of Batu Han have been analyzed
ANALISIS JARINGAN EKSTERNAL ICMI ORDA ACEH BARAT
No full textThe purpose of this study was to find out about how the role of ICMI (Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals Association) in building external communication networks. The data collection method used for this research is qualitative. Data collection techniques used were direct observation and interview. This research is located in West Aceh Regency, precisely in JLN Sisingamangaraja No. 99 Gampa Village, Meungaboh Dirundeng STAIN Campus and informants in this study amounted to 8 people. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study conducted by the author show that the external communication network conducted by the ICMI organization (Indonesian Muslim Cendiawan Association) uses 3 indicators in it, namely (1) personal networks, where the relationships owned by the chairman and the management tend to be more frequent. (2) organizational networks, a link of elements in which they are interconnected. Building cooperation with other organizations, while the network is built usually through a daily board. (3) Global Network, an object that connects the ICMI network with other institutions. From the results the authors consider that the network built by ICMI of the West Aceh Order tends to be carried out by the daily chairman, the lack of involvement of the management in building the external network at the institution due to the factor of the vacuum of activities that had been agreed upon previously and the busyness of the management who work as lecturers, entrepreneurs, dayah leaders and so on. However ICMI the West Aceh Orda also conducts good activities at the national level
Caught between nationalism and socialism: The Kazak Alash Orda Movement in continuity
No full textThis dissertation aims to discuss the incorporation of the “nationalist” Kazak intellectuals of Alash Orda to the Soviet Socialist Republics and their role in the establishment of the Kazak ASSR. In the course of events they acted first together with Russian liberal democrats, then they sought to establish a national government and fought against the Bolsheviks, but after 1920 they chose to stay in the USSR and join the modernization process of their homeland alongside the Bolsheviks. In the mainstream academic discourse the local leaders in the republics of the USSR are generally considered as passive victims of the Soviet policies. The members of the Kazak national movement of Alash Orda are also neglected as weak political figures after they had accepted the Soviet rule. But they continued their struggle for enlightening the Kazak people in 1920s. Their collaboration with the Bolsheviks was concomitant to their motives of modernizing the Kazaks. Their role in the Soviet Kazakstan did not come to an end after their acceptance of the Soviet sovereignty but it continued. My argument is that the struggle of the members of Alash Orda was in continuity with their program before the revolution, and their cooperation with the Bolsheviks was a way to realize their objectives, and it opened a sphere for them to have a role in the formation of the Kazak ASSR
Alash Orda and Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia Relations
No full textАнализируются взаимоотношения двух областных органов государственной власти - Всекиргизского временного народного совета (Алаш-Орда) и Временного Сибирского правительства, возникших в условиях распада российской государственности в конце 1917 - начале 1918 г. Делается вывод о существовании объективных предпосылок для их солидарного политического поведения, обусловленных общностью стратегической цели - достижением автономии в составе демократической федеративной республики Россия. Рассматриваются разногласия по вопросам о том, как, когда и в каких формах можно было достичь этой цели в условиях начавшейся широкомасштабной гражданской войны, которые привели к тому, что потенциальный союз этих правительств не состоялся.The article analyzes the interaction of two local governmental bodies of public authority, i.e. the All-Kyrgyz Provisional People's Council, Alash Orda, and the Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia that evolved as a result of the fall of the Russian autocratic state in late 1917-early 1918. The author concludes that there existed objective prerequisites for their political solidarity, conditioned by a general strategy, namely, autonomy achievement of within the democratic federal republic of Russia, and describes their disagreements as to how, where and in what form the goal in question was to be attained, a mass-scale civil war accompanying the process and impeding the creation of the alliance
Enlightenment and Reconstruction of National Awareness in Kazakh Literature During Alash Orda Era
No full textKazakh Turks have lived in the same geography since ancient times. This situation brings about the formation of a rich and deep-rooted tradition. Kazakh, like all other Turkish communities, was accepted as a part of the common literature and culture belonging to the Turkish world, and in particular, a Kazakh oral and written literature started to be formed, as they existed in the history scene with their own names. In Kazakh Turks, literature, which continued its existence orally until the 20th century, continued its development both verbally and in writing afterwards. Especially in the development of written literature in the last century, the identification and exploitation policies of the Russians towards Turkish communities have an important effect. Literature, which is one of the most effective tools in the formation and development of national identity, is effectively used by intellectual names against these policies carried out by the Russians. Thanks to the educational environment developed with the pressure of Russian politics aimed at eliminating Kazakh identity and culture, intellectual names which grown from the Kazakh society begin to fight against Russian politics with their pens. This intellectual movement determines 'Alash Khan', who is an important figure of independence and unity in the history of Kazakh Turks, as their names and slogans. Using this name and slogan, they aim to hold together the national and spiritual values that take place in the historical roots of the Kazakh people. The intellectuals of the 'Alash Orda' period work to build a national consciousness that can meet the needs of the era without departing from its historical roots, based on the ideas and works of art of both Eastern and Western cultures. In this article, the idea of the Alash Orda movement, which has an important place in Kazakh enlightenment, and the process of 'Enlightenment and Reconstruction of National Awareness in Kazakh Literature during Alash Orda Period' shaped by political and cultural stance will be discussed
- …
