604 research outputs found
Association between migraine and stroke in a large-scale epidemiological study of the United States
No full textSimilarities and Differences in Sleep-Wake Patterns among Adults and Their Children
No full textStudy Objective: To determine associations and differences in sleep-wake patterns among children and their parents and to explore the correlates for sleep-wake patterns among adults. Design: A school-based cross- sectional survey. Participants: Sample included 1479 fourth to eighth graders and their parents, using a multistage sampling method. Interventions: N/A. Measurements and Results: Students and their parents completed a Sleep Habit Questionnaire, which included sleep schedules, a mood scale, and the morningness/ eveningness scale. Statistical methods included Pearson and Spearman correlations and analysis of variance using a mixed model. Results showed low correlations in sleep schedules and sleep-wake patterns between children and those parents who did not work shifts or have an evening or night job. Compared to their children, parents tended to go to bed and rise later, have shorter nighttime sleep duration, have less weekend compensation of sleep, and have the morning- type sleep profile. In addition, junior-high students (seventh and eight graders) demonstrated different sleep-wake patterns compared to elementary -school students ( fourth to sixth graders). Young age, moodiness, and shift work were associated with tendencies to be the evening type among parent participants. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that age, social demands (school work for children and adolescents and employment type for adults), and mood status are associated with sleep-wake patterns. Future study examining the association between evening-sleep type and neurotic traits and psychopathology in the adult population will be our next step
High leptin levels are associated with migraine with aura
No full textBACKGROUND:
Migraine is a prevalent disorder characterised by recurrent headache attacks preceded or accompanied by aura in a subgroup of patients. Migraine often occurs together with major depressive disorder (MDD). Alterations of adipokine levels have been reported both in migraine and in MDD. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the associations between serum leptin and adiponectin levels and migraine or migraine subtypes. Analyses were adjusted for a lifetime history of MDD in order to investigate the association between adipokines and migraine under consideration of depression status.
METHODS:
We included 3025 participants from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study. The impact of leptin and adiponectin levels on a diagnosis of migraine was analysed by binary regression analyses, adjusting for variables known to influence adipokine levels. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the presence of aura.
RESULTS:
Crude leptin levels were significantly higher in subjects with migraine than controls (Mann-Whitney U = 515,102, p = 6 × 10-7). When performing adjusted analyses, leptin levels were found to be significantly higher in subjects with migraine (odds ratio = 1.22, p = 0.024) and migraine with aura (odds ratio = 1.34, p = 0.004).
CONCLUSION:
High leptin levels might play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine and migraine with aura
A genetic risk score is differentially associated with migraine with and without aura
No full textAlthough a number of migraine-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with small effect size have been identified, little is known about the additive impact of these variants on migraine risk, frequency and severity. We investigated to what extent a genetic risk score (GRS) based on recently published, novel migraine-associated SNPs is associated with migraine prevalence, subtypes and severity in a large population-based sample. The sample comprised 446 subjects with migraine and 2511 controls from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study. Fifty-four SNPs earlier associated with migraine were selected. SNPs with a low impact on migraine prevalence in our sample were excluded using random forest. We combined the remaining 21 SNPs into a GRS and analyzed the association with migraine using logistic regression models. The GRS was significantly associated with migraine (OR = 1.56, p = 0.02) and migraine without aura (MWOA) (OR = 2.01, p = 0.003), but not with migraine with aura (MWA). The GRS was not associated with migraine frequency, intensity or interference with daily activities. We show that a GRS combining multiple genetic risk variants is associated with MWOA but not MWA, suggesting a different genetic susceptibility background underlying the two forms of migraine.<p>Jessica Mwinyi and Helgi B. Schiöth contributed equally to this work</p
gap: Genetic Analysis Package
No full textA preliminary attempt at collecting tools and utilities for genetic data as an R package called gap is described. Genomewide association is then described as a specific example, linking the work of Risch and Merikangas (1996), Long and Langley (1997) for family-based and population-based studies, and the counterpart for case-cohort design established by Cai and Zeng (2004). Analysis of staged design as outlined by Skol et al. (2006) and associate methods are discussed. The package is flexible, customizable, and should prove useful to researchers especially in its application to genomewide association studies.
Major depression subtypes are differentially associated with migraine subtype, prevalence and severity
No full textObjective: Migraine and major depressive disorder show a high rate of comorbidity, but little is known about the
associations between the subtypes of major depressive disorder and migraine. In this cross-sectional study we aimed at
investigating a) the lifetime associations between the atypical, melancholic, combined and unspecified subtype of major
depressive disorder and migraine with and without aura and b) the associations between major depressive disorder and
its subtypes and the severity of migraine.
Methods: A total of 446 subjects with migraine (migraine without aura: n 1⁄4 294; migraine with aura: n 1⁄4 152)
and 2511 controls from the population-based CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study, Switzerland, were included. Associations
between major depressive disorder subtypes and migraine characteristics were tested using binary logistic or linear
regression.
Results: Melancholic, combined and unspecified major depressive disorder were associated with increased frequency of
migraine with aura, whereas only melancholic major depressive disorder was associated with increased frequency of
migraine without aura. Lifetime and unspecified major depressive disorder were associated with severe migraine intensity
among subjects with migraine with aura but not migraine without aura, while combined major depressive disorder was
associated with higher migraine frequency independently from migraine subtype.
Conclusion: This study suggests that melancholic but not atypical major depressive disorder is associated with migraine
and migraine subtypes. Future studies exploring pathophysiological mechanisms shared between melancholic depression
and migraine are warranted
Prevalence of mental disorders in the Zurich Cohort Study: a twenty year prospective study
No full textBackground — In order to minimise retrospective recall in developing estimates of the prevalence of mental dis-orders in the general population, we conducted a prospective study of a cohort of youth from Zurich, Switzerland. Method — A 20 year prospective study of a community-based cohort aged 19-20 from Zurich Switzerland. The sample was enriched by subjects scoring high on the Symptom Checklist 90 R (Derogatis, 1977). A semi-structured diagnostic interview was administered by clinically experienced psychologists and psychiatrists. The six interviews from 1979 to 1999 assessed diagnoses and sub-threshold manifestations of major diagnostic categories (with the exception of schizophrenia) for the past twelve months, depending on the current DSM versions (DSM-IH, DSM-HI R, DSM-IV). Additional information on symptoms and treatment were collected for the years between the interviews. The reported prevalence rates are weighted for stratified sampling and cumulate the one-year rates of the six interviews. Results — The cumulative weighted prevalence rates for any psychiatric disorder were 48.6% excluding, and 57.7% including tobacco dependence. In addition 29.2% and 21.8%, respectively manifested sub-diagnostic syndromes. Overall there were no significant gender differences. The corresponding treatment prevalence rates were 22.4% and 31.1%, respectively for the diagnostic subjects and 6.9% and 6.1 %, respectively for the sub-diagnostic groups. The total treatment prevalence rate was 37.2% of the population (males 30.0%, females 44.1%). Conclusions — Our findings reveal that psychiatric disorders are quite common in the general population. When the spectra of mental disorders are considered, nearly three quarters of the general population will have manifested at least one of the mental disorders across their lifetime. Limitations — The data are based on a relatively small sample; a single age cohort, and the study was conducted in Zurich, Switzerland. These study features may diminish the generalisability of the findings. Declaration of Interest: this work was supported by Grant 3200-050881.97/1 of the Swiss National Science Foundation, and Research Scientist Development Awards (MH 46376 and DA00293) from the US National Institutes of Health (Dr. Merikangas
Predictors of school psychologists' use of exposure interventions
No full textObjective: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health conditions among school-aged children (Merikangas et al., 2010) and have negative consequences for youth in schools (Ingul et al., 2019; Langley et al., 2004). The school setting is an ideal venue for the provision of mental health services and presents opportunities for free and equitable access to services (Merikangas et al., 2011). Given that school psychologists are well-positioned to address mental health needs of youth (Kazak et al., 2010; Shernoff et al., 2017; Simon et al., 2015), this study examined school psychologists’ use of exposure, a highly effective but underutilized intervention for anxiety (Deacon, Farrell, et al., 2013; Freiheit et al., 2004; Kaczkurkin & Foa, 2015; van Minnen et al., 2010). The study assessed school psychologists’ patterns of knowledge, attitudes, comfort/self-efficacy, and training pertaining to exposure and investigated whether these variables influence their delivery of exposure. Method: School psychologists in the United States were anonymously surveyed online about their experience with exposure interventions. Participants were recruited through their graduate training program directors, school psychology state associations, and social media platforms. Data from 318 school psychologists were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational analyses, and multiple regression. Post hoc analyses explored potential mediators of use. Results: Over 50% of school psychologists did not use exposure interventions and their related knowledge, comfort/self-efficacy, and training significantly predicted their use of exposure. Attitudes were not found to uniquely predict use of exposure. Conclusion: Efforts to improve school psychologists’ knowledge, training, and comfort/self-efficacy through graduate training will likely result in improved delivery of exposure interventions for anxious youth in schools. Implications for future training of school psychologists are discussed.Psy.D.Includes bibliographical reference
Neurasthenia in a longitudinal cohort study of young adults
No full textThis study examines the concept of neurasthenia in a longitudinal cohort of young adults selected from a community sample of the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. The major focus is on the validity of the case definition of neurasthenia. Close approximations of the proposed descriptive and research definitions of the ICD-10 are employed as well as the concept of ‘irritable weakness' as described in 1831 by Kraus (1926-1932). The prevalence of neurasthenia defined according to the ICD-10 criteria was: 1% across 10 years and 0·9% in 1988 for a duration criterion of ≥ 3 months; and 8·1% across 10 years and 12% in 1988 for a duration criterion of ≥ 1 month. The duration criterion of ≥ 3 months appeared to be excessively restrictive to represent individuals with neurasthenia in the community. Subjects with 1 month episodes of neurasthenia exhibited sufficient differences from controls and similarities to subjects with anxiety or depressive disorders to justify a 1 month duration criterion for neurasthenia in community samples. The clinical significance of neurasthenia was indicated by the magnitude of subjective distress, and occupational and social impairment reported by the majority of the cases. Prospective assessment of the longitudinal course of neurasthenia revealed that approximately 50% of the cases continued to exhibit this disorder at follow-up. Our findings suggest that neurasthenia is equally likely to represent an early manifestation of affective illness as it is a consequence in those neurasthenic subjects who exhibited comorbid affective disorders. The magnitude, chronicity, impairment, longitudinal stability and distinction from anxiety and depression associated with this condition in the general population, suggest that neurasthenia is an important diagnostic entity for which additional validation studies should be undertake
Common genetic influences underlie comorbidity of migraine and endometriosis
No full textWe examined the co-occurrence of migraine and endometriosis within the largest known collection of families containing multiple women with surgically confirmed endometriosis and in an independent sample of 815 monozygotic and 457 dizygotic female twin pairs. Within the endometriosis families, a significantly increased risk of migrainous headache was observed in women with endometriosis compared to women without endometriosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.21, P=0.009). Bivariate heritability analyses indicated no evidence for common environmental factors influencing either migraine or endometriosis but significant genetic components for both traits, with heritability estimates of 69 and 49%, respectively. Importantly, a significant additive genetic correlation (rG = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.06-0.47) and bivariate heritability (h2=0.17, 95% CI: 0.08-0.27) was observed between migraine and endometriosis. Controlling for the personality trait neuroticism made little impact on this association. These results confirm the previously reported comorbidity between migraine and endometriosis and indicate common genetic influences completely explain their co-occurrence within individuals. Given pharmacological treatments for endometriosis typically target hormonal pathways and a number of findings provide support for a relationship between hormonal variations and migraine, hormone-related genes and pathways are highly plausible candidates for both migraine and endometriosis. Therefore, taking into account the status of both migraine and endometriosis may provide a novel opportunity to identify the genes underlying them. Finally, we propose that the analysis of such genetically correlated comorbid traits can increase power to detect genetic risk loci through the use of more specific, homogenous and heritable phenotypes. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc
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