503 research outputs found
Association between black stains and dental caries in primary teeth: findings from a Brazilian population-based birth cohort
No full textLower dental caries experience has been observed in children and teenagers with the presence of black stains on dental structures. However, none of the previous investigations were population-based studies or adjusted the analysis for potential confounders. This study assessed the prevalence of black stains at the age of 5 in a population-based birth cohort from Pelotas, Brazil and investigated the association between black stains and dental caries. A total of 1,129 children from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort were examined at age 5, and their mothers were interviewed at their households. Dental examinations included a search for black stains and dental caries on the primary dentition through the dmf-s index. The mothers’ questionnaire comprised data on demographic, social, and behavior aspects. Prevalence of black stains was 3.5% (95% CI 2.5–4.7) and the prevalence of dental caries was 48.4% (95% CI 45.4–51.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between black stains and dental caries. Adjusted analysis revealed that the presence of black stains was associated with lower levels of dental caries (OR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.26–0.99). The results of the present study suggest that black stains are a protective factor for dental caries development.C. C. França-Pinto, M. S. Cenci, M. B. Correa, A. R. Romano, M. A. Peres, K. G. Peres, A. Matijasevich, I. S. Santos, A. J. D. Barros, F. F. Demarc
Are fetal growth impairment and preterm birth causally related to child attention problems and ADHD?:Evidence from a comparison between high-income and middle-income cohorts
No full textBACKGROUND: Cross-cohort comparison is an established method for improving causal inference. This study compared 2 cohorts, 1 from a high-income country and another from a middle-income country, to (1) establish whether birth exposures may play a causal role in the development of childhood attention problems; and (2) identify whether confounding structures play a different role in parent-reported attention difficulties compared with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses.METHODS: Birth exposures included low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational age (SGA), small head circumference (HC) and preterm birth (PTB)). Outcomes of interest were attention difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) and ADHD (Development and Well-Being Assessment, DAWBA). Associations between exposures and outcomes were compared between 7-year-old children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the UK (N=6849) and the 2004 Pelotas cohort in Brazil (N=3509).RESULTS: For attention difficulties (SDQ), the pattern of association with birth exposures was similar between cohorts: following adjustment, attention difficulties were associated with SGA (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.19) and small HC (OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.41) in ALSPAC and SGA (OR=1.35, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.75) in Pelotas. For ADHD, however, the pattern of association following adjustment differed markedly between cohorts. In ALSPAC, ADHD was associated with LBW (OR=2.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.80) and PTB (OR=2.33, 95% CI 1.23 to 4.42). In the Pelotas cohort, however, ADHD was associated with SGA (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.82).CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that fetal growth impairment may play a causal role in the development of attention difficulties in childhood, as similar associations were identified across both cohorts. Confounding structures, however, appear to play a greater role in determining whether a child meets the full diagnostic criteria for ADHD.</p
Indicadores de daño psíquico en entrevistas a sujetos víctimas de accidentes de tránsito judicializados por demanda de daños y perjuicios
No full textLa problemática del daño psicológico viene ocupando un lugar trascendental en el derecho de daños, y se ha expandido por diversos ámbitos jurídicos, solicitando a los profesionales de la salud mental, su evaluación y demostración. Se trata por tanto, de una zona de entrecruzamiento entre el discurso jurídico, que recién comienza a adentrarse en la problemática, y las disciplinas que estudian la salud mental, que se presentan como un complejo espectro de posibilidades.
Este trabajo pretende aportar conocimiento científico, con criterios distintivos cargados de provisoriedad, y dejar planteados interrogantes para conclusiones posteriores que cuenten con un aceptable consenso.
Consiste en una investigación de tipo cualitativa: estudio descriptivo realizado con sujetos víctimas de accidentes de tránsito, judicializados por demanda de daños y perjuicios, en la ciudad de Resistencia - Chaco, en el período enero 2011 - septiembre 2012. Se utiliza el método comparativo constante para analizar, describir, y disponer en categorías los indicadores de daño psíquico identificados.
Se concluye que, tales indicadores se pueden organizar en cinco categorías centrales: 1.- Crisis en la identidad, 2.- Secuelas psicosociales, 3.- Recuerdos intrusivos del accidente, 4.- Cambios en la concepción de la imagen corporal, y 5.- Necesidad de ser escuchado. Cada una de ellas es a su vez, desglosada en subcategorías.Issues related to psychological damage are nowadays taking an important role in the tort law. They have also expanded through different legal fields, requiring an evaluation and demonstration by proffesionals of mental health. It is, therefore, a cross-linked zone between legal discourse, which is beginning to deal with it, and the mental health study fields, which are presented as a wide spectrum range of possibilities.
It is the aim of this paper to provide scientific knowledge with a distintic criteria, and also to set a precedent for posterior questions and conclusions within an acceptable consensus.
It is a qualitative research: a descriptive study done with subjects involved in traffic accident, which had been judicialized for damages demands, in Resistencia – Chaco between Jan. 2011 and Sept 2012. The constant comparative method is used to analyze, describe and categorize he indexes of Psichic Damage identified.
In conclusion, the indexes can be classified into five main categories: 1- Identity crisis, 2- Psichological sequels, 3- Intrusive memories of the accident, 4- Changes as regard body image conceptions, 5- The need to be listened to. Any of the preceding categories are at the same time divided into subcategories.Fil: Matijasevich, Melis
Dental caries is associated with dental fear in childhood: findings from a birth cohort study
No full textOBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental fear in preschool children and to estimate its association with maternal and children characteristics. METHODS: The study was nested in a population-based birth cohort from Pelotas, Brazil, started in 2004. A sample of 1,129 children aged 5 years was dentally examined, and their mothers were interviewed. Dental fear was investigated using a validated instrument through the question ‘Do you think that your child is afraid of going to the dentist?'. The possible answers were (1) ‘no', (2) ‘yes, a little', (3) ‘yes' and (4) ‘yes, a lot'. The outcome was dichotomized as ‘children without dental fear' (answers 1 and 2) and ‘children with dental fear' (answers 3 and 4). Exploratory variables included demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, maternal oral health status and maternal behaviors. The main explanatory variables were caries and dental pain. Data were analyzed using multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental fear was 16.8% (95% confidence interval 14.6-19.0). Multivariate analysis showed that the lower the family income at birth and the higher the severity of dental caries, the higher the prevalence of dental fear. Children who never visited the dentist and those who frequently experienced dental pain were positively associated with higher dental fear prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of dental caries and dental pain were associated with dental fear regardless of socioeconomic origin and lack of dental service use in childhood.D.D. Torriani, R.L. Ferro, M.L.M. Bonow, I.S. Santos, A. Matijasevich, A.J. Barros, F.F. Demarco, K.G. Pere
supplementary_material – Supplemental material for The Role of Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems During Childhood in the Development of ADHD in Adolescence: Findings From a Population-Based Birth Cohort
No full textSupplemental material, supplementary_material for The Role of Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems During Childhood in the Development of ADHD in Adolescence: Findings From a Population-Based Birth Cohort by Marina Xavier Carpena, Tiago N. Munhoz, Mariana Otero Xavier, Luis Augusto Rohde, Iná S. Santos, Bianca Del-Ponte, Fernando C. Barros, Alicia Matijasevich and Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues in Journal of Attention Disorders</p
Predictors of dental visits for routine check-ups and for the resolution of problems among preschool children
No full textOBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of dental visits among preschool children and determine the factors associated with using dental services. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,129 fi ve-year-old children from the Pelotas Birth Cohort Study in Pelotas (Southern Brazil) 2004, from September 2009 to January 2010. Use of dental services at least once in the child’s life and the reason for the child’s fi rst dental visit were recorded. The categories assigned for the fi rst dental visit were: routine checkup, resolution of a problem, or never saw a dentist. The oral examinations and interviews were performed in the children’s homes. Socioeconomic aspects and independent variables related to the mother and child were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental visits (both categories combined) was 37.0%. The main predictors for a routine visit were higher economic status, mothers with more schooling, and mothers who had received guidance about prevention. Major predictors for a visit because of a problem were having felt pain in the previous six months, mothers with higher education level, and mothers who had received guidance about prevention. Approximately 45.0% of mothers received information about how to prevent cavities, usually from the dentist. Children of mothers who adhered to health programs were more likely to have had a routine dental visit. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of preschool visits to dental services was lower than the rate for medical appointments (childcare). In addition to income and education, maternal behavior plays an important role in routine visits. Pain reported in the last six months and a high number of teeth affected by tooth decay, independent of other factors, were associated with visits for a specific problem. It is important to integrate oral health instruction into maternal and child health programs.Maria Beatriz Junqueira Camargo, Aluísio J D Barros, Paulo Frazão, Alicia Matijasevich, Iná S Santos, Marco Aurélio Peres, Karen Glazer Pere
Infant sleep hygiene counseling (sleep trial): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: Sleep problems in childhood have been found to be associated with memory and learning impairments, irritability, difficulties in mood modulation, attention and behavioral problems, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Short sleep duration has been found to be associated with overweight and obesity in childhood. This paper describes the protocol of a behavioral intervention planned to promote healthier sleep in infants. Methods: The study is a 1:1 parallel group single-blinded randomized controlled trial enrolling a total of 552 infants at 3 months of age. The main eligibility criterion is maternal report of the infant's sleep lasting on average less than 15 h per 24 h (daytime and nighttime sleep). Following block randomization, trained fieldworkers conduct home visits of the intervention group mothers and provide standardized advice on general practices that promote infant's self-regulated sleep. A booklet with the intervention content to aid the mother in implementing the intervention was developed and is given to the mothers in the intervention arm. In the two days following the home visit the intervention mothers receive daily telephone calls for intervention reinforcement and at day 3 the fieldworkers conduct a reinforcement visit to support mothers' compliance with the intervention. The main outcome assessed is the between group difference in average nighttime self-regulated sleep duration (the maximum amount of time the child stays asleep or awake without awakening the parents), at ages 6, 12 and 24 months, evaluated by means of actigraphy, activity diary records and questionnaires. The secondary outcomes are conditional linear growth between age 3-12 and 12-24 months and neurocognitive development at ages 12 and 24 months. Discussion: The negative impact of inadequate and insufficient sleep on children's physical and mental health are unquestionable, as well as its impact on cognitive function, academic performance and behavior, all of these being factors to which children in low- and middle-income countries are at higher risk. Behavioral interventions targeting mothers and young children that can be delivered inexpensively and not requiring specialized training can help prevent future issues by reducing the risk to which these children are exposed
Exclusive breastfeeding and risk of dental malocclusion
No full textOBJECTIVES: The distinct effect of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding on primary dentition malocclusions is still unclear. We hypothesized that exclusive breastfeeding presents a higher protective effect against malocclusions than predominant breastfeeding and that the use of a pacifier modifies the association between breastfeeding and primary dentition malocclusions. METHODS: An oral health study nested in a birth cohort study was conducted at age 5 years (N = 1303). The type of breastfeeding was recorded at birth and at 3, 12, and 24 months of age. Open bite (OB), crossbite, overjet (OJ), and moderate/severe malocclusion (MSM) were assessed. Poisson regression analyses were conducted by controlling for sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, sucking habits along the life course, dental caries, and dental treatment. RESULTS: Predominant breastfeeding was associated with a lower prevalence of OB, OJ, and MSM, but pacifier use modified these associations. The same findings were noted between exclusive breastfeeding and OJ and between exclusive breastfeeding and crossbite. A lower prevalence of OB was found among children exposed to exclusive breastfeeding from 3 to 5.9 months (33%) and up to 6 months (44%) of age. Those who were exclusively breastfed from 3 to 5.9 months and up to 6 months of age exhibited 41% and 72% lower prevalence of MSM, respectively, than those who were never breastfed. CONCLUSIONS: A common risk approach, promoting exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age to prevent childhood diseases and disorders, should be an effective population strategy to prevent malocclusion.Karen Glazer Peres, Andreia Morales Cascaes, Marco Aurelio Peres, Flavio Fernando Demarco, Iná Silva Santos, Alicia Matijasevich and Aluisio J.D. Barro
Maternal education inequalities in height growth rates in early childhood: 2004 Pelotas birth cohort study
No full textSocio-economic inequalities in attained height have been reported in many countries. The aim of this study was to explore the age at which maternal education inequalities in child height emerge among children from a middle-income country. Using data from the 2004 Pelotas cohort study from Brazil we modelled individual height growth trajectories in 2106 boys and 1947 girls from birth to 4 years using a linear spline mixed-effects model. We examined the associations of maternal education with birth length and trajectories of growth in length/height, and explored the effect of adjusting for a number of potential confounder or mediator factors. We showed linear and positive associations of maternal education with birth length and length/height growth rates at 0-3 months and 12-29/32 months with very little association at 3-12 months, particularly in boys. By age 4 years the mean height of boys was 101.06 cm (SE = 0.28) in the lowest and 104.20cm (SE = 0.15) in the highest education category (mean difference 3.14 cm, SE = 0.32, P <0.001). Among girls the mean height was 100.02 cm (SE = 0.27) and 103.03 cm (SE = 0.15) in the lowest and highest education categories, respectively (mean difference 3.01 cm, SE = 0.31, P <0.001). For both boys and girls there was on average a 3-cm difference between the extreme education categories. Adjusting for maternal height reduced the observed birth length differences across maternal education categories, but differences in postnatal growth rates persisted. Our data demonstrate an increase in the absolute and relative inequality in height after birth; inequality increases from approximately 0.2 standard deviations of birth length to approximately 0.7 standard deviations of height at age 4, indicating that height inequality, which was already present at birth, widened through differential growth rates to age 2 years.Alicia Matijasevich, Laura D. Howe, Kate Tilling, Iná S. Santos, Aluísio J.D. Barros and Debbie A. Lawlo
Caries Is the Main Cause for Dental Pain in Childhood: Findings from a Birth Cohort
No full textAim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental pain in preschool children and its association with socioeconomic, demographic, clinical, and behavior variables. Subjects and Methods: The study was nested in a population-based birth cohort from Pelotas, Brazil, started in 2004. A sample of 1,129 children aged 5 years was dentally examined, and their mothers were interviewed. Exploratory variables included demographics, socioeconomic status, mothers' oral health status and associated behaviors, and caries in primary teeth. Data were analyzed using multivariable Poisson regression. Results: The prevalence of dental pain was 16.5% (95% CI: 14.4-18.8). Multivariate analysis showed that dark-skinned children (prevalence ratio, PR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4) from low socioeconomic level (PR 1.9, 1.2-3.0) whose mothers had less than 4 years of education (PR 1.9, 1.0-3.6), from mothers with less than 10 teeth in at least one arch (PR 1.7, 1.2-2.5) and less than 10 in two arches (PR 1.6, 1.0-2.6), and those with high caries prevalence at the age of 5 years (PR 4.8, 3.3-7.1) were more likely to experience dental pain. Conclusions: Unrestored caries is the main factor associated with dental pain in childhood. Socioeconomic aspects and family context in which dental pain occurs should also be taken into account when dental pain preventive measures are implemented. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.No Full Tex
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