20 research outputs found
Towards the Multidimensional Ushul Al-Fiqh: A Study of the Integration of Science in the Fatwa of Majelis Ulama Indonesia
No full text This research examines multidimensional ushul al-fiqh in analyzing the fatwas of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). The main problem to be explained in this article is the importance of social sciences for multidimensional ushul al-fiqh as contained in the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council. This research uses normative juridical methods which are analyzed using the ushul fiqh theory. The data collection method is documentation, namely taking data from journal articles books, and other sources. The method of analysis is the content analysis that the researchers use using the theory of multidimensional ushul al-fiqh, while the object is the fatwa-fatwa of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). This research has two results. First, the social sciences complement the evidence of fundamentalist rulings in realizing the natural environmental influences, as a basic determinant and a major guide to people's lives, and the jurisprudence of social movements, of all kinds, considering the ties that bind people, and exploring the depths of the soul Humanity, considering the human being the pivot and the basis of this existence, so that the rulings derived from it are in agreement and conformity according to social issues. Secondly, the fatwas of the Council of Indonesian Scholars in the social field include those based on social sciences in addition to fundamental principles such as the Qur’anic texts and the Sunnah of the Prophet. In the context of ushul fiqh theory, it increasingly proves that fatwas and social sciences are quite dynamically integrated. This is evident in the fatwa of massage parlors and the sending of female workers abroad. Among them were those who were more inclined to fundamentalist rules than to pay attention to the social sciences, such as the fatwa on interfaith marriage and the celebration of Christian birth
Dari Nalar Literalis-Normatif Menuju Nalar Kontekstualis-Historis dalam Studi Islam
No full textIt seems legitimate to say that the classical-conventional methodology gives birth to a rigid and theo-centric view of Islam. This form of methodology is dogmatic and is replete with a systematic indoctrination, such that would lead one to accept a particular view of religion often blindly while believing that other views are wrong. This paper offers a challenge to that old-fashion methodology by deconstructing it, and then constructing a new form of methodology. We treat the classical methodology as being literal-normative, and the new one that we propose as being contextual-historical. We argue that the former has gone out of context, because it was invented for its own time. The latter in the meantime is critical and considerate to new demands and contexts. We speak of this new methodology as characteristically multi-disciplin-ary in the sense that within its premises, various forms of knowledge are deemed to have been interconnected and together constitute an integral web of epistemic construction
Dari Nalar Literalis-Normatif Menuju Nalar Kontekstualis-Historis dalam Studi Islam
No full textIt seems legitimate to say that the classical-conventional methodology gives birth to a rigid and theo-centric view of Islam. This form of methodology is dogmatic and is replete with a systematic indoctrination, such that would lead one to accept a particular view of religion often blindly while believing that other views are wrong. This paper offers a challenge to that old-fashion methodology by deconstructing it, and then constructing a new form of methodology. We treat the classical methodology as being literal-normative, and the new one that we propose as being contextual-historical. We argue that the former has gone out of context, because it was invented for its own time. The latter in the meantime is critical and considerate to new demands and contexts. We speak of this new methodology as characteristically multi-disciplin-ary in the sense that within its premises, various forms of knowledge are deemed to have been interconnected and together constitute an integral web of epistemic construction
Ijtihād Maqāṣidi : the interconnected Maṣlahah-based reconstruction of Islamic laws
No full textIn this book Islamic law is presented from various perspectives to find the common
thread between the Sharia, Islamic law and Islamic jurisprudence. The discussion is
focused on the characteristics and principles of Islamic law as a means of providing
a general overview of how Islamic law should be positioned, especially in the efforts
of formulating legal rules that seek to bring benefit for people. Islamic law is brought
from its ideal concepts into practical usage.
This works gives many concrete examples of the critical understanding of social
behaviours in the Islamic society, such as Muslim clothing and the conduct of
Muslim women, by providing meticulous hermeneutic analysis of the literature that
is used as legitimation of certain religious conventions. This work instills a deep
ethical understanding of the normative foundations of Islamic law in the global
perspective
METODE IJTIHAD MENURUT IBNU HAZM; Telaah Kitab al-IhkÄm Fi Uṣūl al-AhkÄm
No full textThis article discusses Ushul al-Fiqh methodology of a famous intellectual from school of Zahiri, namely Ibnu Hazm through his work al-IhkÄm fi Uṣūl al-AhkÄm. Eventhough this school of thought cannot exist and be solid followed by muslims as like Sunni and Shi’i schools of thought, the basis of methodology in formulating Islamic law can be investigated clearly especially in a book of al-IhkÄm fi Uṣūl al-AhkÄm written by Ibnu Hazm. By using text approach, this article analyzes Ibnu Hazm’s thought which is stressing on a method of deciding Islamic law based on nash Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadits. Therefore, the thought rejects every method based on reasoning as like al-Qiyas, al-Istihsan, al-Maslahah al-Mursalah etc. Moreover, it also rejects istidlal with dalil al-khitab approach which is still included in reasoning into texts of al-Qur`an dan al-Sunnah. The findings show that first, ijtihad formulation based on Ibnu Hazm is as follows: (a) it must be conducted based on three pillars of Islamic law sources namely Al-Qur’an, Sunnah dan Ijma’ ; (b) if it cannot find zahir nash in the three pillars, Ibnu Hazm conducts ijtihad methods namely al-dalÄ«l which is devided into two namely dalil taking from nash Al-Qur’an and Sunnah, dalil taking from ijma’. Second, the implication of Ibnu Hazm’s ijtihad methodology into the construction of Islamic law is that the building of Islamic law is Al-Qur’an and Sunnah, not others.Keywords; Ibnu Hazm, al-IhkÄm fi Uṣūl al-AhkÄm, ẓahir naá¹£, dali
Ijtihad maqasidi : rekonstruksi hukum islam berbasis interkoneksitas maslahah
No full textBuku ini hadir menyajikan urgensi maqaashid al-sharii?ah dalam hukum Islam, khususnya dalam proses ijtihad dengan basis interkoneksitas mashlahah (ittishaaliyaat al-mashaalih). Implikasi ijtihaad maqaashidii tersebut setidaknya dapat dilihat dalam ranah busana muslimah, yang kemudian penulis sebut sebagai busana muslimah maqaashidii
MENAKAR SEJARAH TAFSIR MAQĀṢIDĪ
No full textThis article elaborate the historical root of tafsir maqasidi through these steps:1) describing the four periods of the history of tafsir; 2) deducing points, from each period, which could provide an idea on the history of tafsir maqashidi, either theoretically or practically; 3) and providing examples of tafsir maqashidi. This article is done by documentation, by searching, reading, and reviewing qualitative data to be collected and analyzed by deductive method. The results of the article show: 1) historical roots of tafsir maqas{idi have an intertwined with the history of tafsir in general, namely: marḥalat al-ta'sÄ«s, marḥalat al-ta'ṣīl, marḥalat al-tafrÄ«', and marḥalat al-tajdid. 2) among the points that can be explained related to the historical roots of tafsir maqas{idi that is: a) in the ta'sÄ«s period, there embryo maqÄá¹£id al-shari’ah. For example, there is a triple divorce in one majlis which is punishable by a single divorce at the time of the Prophet, during the time of Umar ra. punishable by three divorces, with consideration of 'urf, for the benefit; b) in the tafrÄ«' period, born three maqÄá¹£id al-shari’ah theories. first, al-TÅ«fÄ« argues that the Shari'ah is none other than mas}lah}ah itself, so if nas} is contrary to mas}lah}ah then take precedence of mas}lah}ah ('alÄ sabÄ«l al-takhṣīṣ); secondly, al-GazalÄ« states that "mas}lah}ah" is nothing but the Shari'a itself, so the theory of mas}lah}ah is taken inductively from nas {{; Third, al-ShÄá¹ibÄ« argues that mas}lah}ah and shari'a are one unity, so if nas} that opposed to mas}lah}ah is qot}'i al-dalÄlah, then nas {is precedence, and if nas} that opposed to mas}lah}ah is dhanni al-dalÄlah, then mas}lah}ah is precedence; c) in the tajdid period, classical maqÄá¹£id concepts that are protection and preservation, altered by some contemporary Muslims such as Jasser Auda into a new concept of development and rights. The idea of contemporaryization of this terminology was then rejected by many fuqaha. 3) an example of the application of tafsir maqÄá¹£idi is the interpretation of the Qur'an surah al-Nur verse 2 in the context of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In this case there is a ta'ÄruḠbetween nas which enjoins the caning and "mas}lah}ah". The application of the Islamic Criminal law in Indonesia to date has not received sufficient political support, so it will lead to greater mafsadah. Therefore, mas}lah}ah takes precedence and is made as takhṣīṣ above nas}
ارتباط مقاصد الشريعة بأصول الفقه في استنباط الأحكام من النصوص Irtibathu Maqashidi as-Syari’ati Biushuli al-Fiqhi fi Istinbathi al-Ahkami min an-Nushushi
No full textTulisan ini mengkaji hubungan antara Maqashi al-syariah dengan Ushul fiqh dan kaidah-kaidahnya dalam memahami nash dan mengeluarkan (istinbath) hukum-hukum darinya. Permasalahan utamanya adalah apa hubungan antara Maqashi al-syariah dengan Ushul fiqh dalam menurunkan hukum dari nash dan penerapannya? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka. Datanya diambil dari sumber perpustaka, baik primer maupun sekunder. Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah dokumentasi, yang dikumpulkan secara tertulis.Hasil dalam tulisan ini adalah sebagai berikut. Hubungan antara Maqashid al-syariah dengan Ushul fiqhbahwa dalam meksplorasi nash penggunaan Maqashid al-syariah yaitu sejalan dengan kaidah-kaidah Ushul Fiqh. Setiap suatu kaidah Ushul Fiqh memiliki hubungannya sendiri dengan Maqashid al-syari’ah. Hubungan antara maqashidsyari’ah dan kaidah Ushul Fiqhdapat digambarkan sebagai berikut: 1) hubungan antara maqashid dan kaidah ‘am, ada dalam tiga bentuk: hubungan antara maqashid dengan kaidah ‘amketika ditentukan, hubungan antara maqashid dengan kaidah “’Ibrah itu dalam keumuman kata,bukan kekhususan sebab”, dan hubungan antara maqashid dengan ‘am ketika sebagian unsurnya bertentangan dengan mashlahah. 2) Hubungan antara maqashid Syariah dengankaidah isytirak,baik isytirak pada kata isim, fi’il, maupun harf. 3)Hubungan antara maqashid Syariah dengan kaidah khas. 4) Hubunganmaqashid syariah dengan kaidah muthlaq, yaitu hubungan maqashid dengan muthlaqyang terus menerus dan hubungan maqashid dengan muthlaqyang terbatas. 5) Hubungan maqashid syariah dengan kaidah nahi, yaitu hubungan maqashid dengan pembatasan yang dipertimbangkan dan hubungan maqashid dengan kaidah amar, 6) Hubunganmaqashid syariah dengan kaidah haqiqat yaitu meninggalkan haqiqat yang masih mungkin demi mewujudkanmaqashid, dan mendahulukan majazdaripada haqiqat karena mempertimbangkan maqashid. 7) Hubunganmaqashid syariah dengan kaidah majaz,dan 8) Menghubungkan maqashid syariah dengan aturan perintah dan larangan.هذا البحث يبحث في ارتباط مقاصد الشريعة بأصول الفقه وقواعده في فهم النصوص واستنباط أحكامها. والمشكلة المطروحة فيه هي ما ارتباط مقاصد الشريعة بأصول الفقه في استنباط الأحكام من النصوص وتطبيقه؟وهذا البحث بحث مكتبي. توجد بياناتها من المصادر المكتبية، رئيسية كانت وثنائية. وطريقة جمع البيانات هي وثائقي، وهي جمعها على سبيل الكتابة.والنتائج لهذا البحث هي كما يلي. أنهترتبط مقاصد الشريعة بأصول الفقه في استطلاع النصوص حسب القواعد الأصولية. لكل قاعدة ارتباطها. فارتباط المقاصد بالقواعد الأصولية يتصور كما في التالي: 1) ارتباط المقاصد بقواعد العام،وهي في ثلاثة أشكال: ارتباط المقاصد بالعام إذا خصّص وارتباط المقاصد بقاعدة العبرة بعموم اللفظ لا بخصوص السبب وارتباط المقاصد بالعام إذا عارضت بعض أفراده بالمصلحة. 2) ارتباط مقاصد الشريعة بقواعد الاشتراك،وهي في المشترك الإسمي، في المشترك الفعلي، في المشترك الحرفي. 3) ارتباط مقاصد الشريعة بقواعد الخاص. 4) ارتباط مقاصد الشريعة بقواعد المطلق،وهي ارتباط المقاصد بالمطلق إذا استمرّ بإطلاقه، ارتباط المقاصد بالمطلق إذا أطلق في موضع وقيّد في آخر. 5)ارتباط مقاصد الشريعة بقواعد المقيد،وهي ارتباط المقاصد بالقيود المعتبرة وارتباط المقاصد بالقيود الملغاة. 6) ارتباط مقاصد الشريعة بقواعد الحقيقة وهي ترك الحقيقة الممكنة في تحقيق المقاصد،و تقديم المجاز عن الحقيقة مراعة للمقاصد.7) ارتباط مقاصد الشريعة بقواعد المجاز.8) ارتباط مقاصد الشريعة بقواعد الأمر والنهي
METODOLOGI FATWA MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA: Telaah atas Fatwa Bidang Ibadah, Sosial dan Budaya dengan Pendekatan Maqasid Al-Shari’ah / Methodology of the Fatwa of The Indonesian Ulama Assembly: Reviewing the Fatwa in the Field of Worship, Social, and Culture with the Maqasid Al-Shari'ah Approach
No full textTulisan ini membahas tentang metodologi fatwa majelis ulama Indonesia (MUI) di bidang ibadah, sosial dan budaya. Penelitian ini menelaah dan mengungkap dari persoalan berikut : 1. metodologi penetapan fatwa MUI dalam bidang ibadah, sosial, dan budaya perspektif ijtihad maqasidi 2. interkoneksitas maslahah fatwa MUI dalam bidang ibadah, sosial, dan budaya, dengan menggunakan pendekatan maqasid al-shari’ah. Penelitian ini adalah merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Sumber data penelitian ini adalah fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) dalam bidang ibadah, sosial, dan budaya yang dari tahun 1975 hingga 2015 yang termaktub dalam buku “Himpunan Fatwa MUI Sejak 1975 (Edisi Terbaru)” yang diterbitkan oleh Emir Jakarta pada tahun 2015 sebagai sumber primer, maupun dari literatur, buku, atau dokumen-dokumen tertulis terkait lainnya sebagai sumber sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan Studi Dokumenter terhadap bahan-bahan kepustakaan tenatng fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). Sedangkan dalam melakukan analisis data akan digunakan Content Analysis (analisis isi), yang akan digunakan dalam menganalisa isi dari fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) di bidang ibadah, sosial dan budaya. Secara metodologis, dalam fatwa bidang agama MUI mengesampingkan pendekatan mashlahah di luar kemaslahatan agama itu sendiri. Sementara dalam fatwa bidang sosial dan budaya, mashlahah menjadi pertimbangan penting dalam memutuskan fatwa, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan graduasi kekuatan maslahah (dharuriyat, hajiyat, dantahsiniyat) dan graduasi al-kulliyat al-khams. Kemudian, Interkoneksitas mashlahah (ittishaliyat al-mashalih) Fatwa MUI dalam ranah agama, sosial dan buadaya merupakan pandangan dunia (world view) dalam melihat dan menyelesaikan problem tersebut, dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut : Pertama, ketika interkoneksi tersebut berhadapan dengan masalah agama maka MUI mengabaikan kemaslahatan di luar ranah agama ; Kedua, mempertimbangakan aspek dharuriyat, hajiyat, dan tahsiniyat ; Ketiga, mempertimbangkan kaidah : المصالح العامة مقدمة على المصالح الخاصة (kemaslahatan umum didahulukan atas kemaslahatan khusus).This paper discusses the fatwa methodology of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in worship, society and culture. This study examines and reveals the following issues: 1. methods for determining the MUI fatwa in the fields of worship, social, and culture from the maqasidi ijtihad perspective. 2. interconnectivity of the MUI fatwa maslahah in the fields of worship, social, and culture? using the maqasid al-shari'ah approach. This research is library research (library research). The data source of this research is the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in the fields of worship, social and culture, which from 1975 to 2015 is contained in the book "The Association of MUI Fatwa Since 1975 (Latest Edition)" published by the Emir of Jakarta in 2015 as primary sources, as well as from literature, books, or other related written documents as secondary sources. The data collection technique uses a documentary study of library materials regarding the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). Meanwhile, in conducting data analysis, Content Analysis will be used, which will be used to analyze the content of the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in the fields of worship, social, and culture. Methodologically, in the religious fatwa, the MUI has ruled out the maslahah approach outside of the benefit of religion itself. Meanwhile, in social and cultural fatwas, mashlahah becomes an important consideration in deciding the fatwa while still considering the graduation of maslahah power (dharuriyat, hajiyat, and tahsiniyat) and al-kulliyat al-khams graduation. Then, the interconnection of mashlahah (ittishaliyat al-mashalih) The MUI fatwa in the realm of religion, social and culture is a world view in seeing and solving the problem, with the following provisions: First, when the interconnection deals with religious issues, MUI ignores benefits outside the realm of religion; Second, consider the aspects of dharuriyat, hajiyat, and tahsiniyat; Third, consider the rules: المصالح العامة لى المصالح الخاصة (public benefit takes precedence over particular benefit)
