11 research outputs found
Goal-Setting of Modern Students: Inverse Analysis
No full textThe article presents the results of a study of the goal-setting of undergraduate students enrolled in the areas of training “Personnel management”, “State and municipal management”, “Psychology”, and “Construction”. The study jointly analyzed the goals stated by students for 1 year, 5 years and more than 5 years (that is, for the rest of their lives). The theoretical basis of the study was the analysis of inverse relations in hierarchical systems. It is assumed that the value preferences, goals and motives form hierarchical systems in which the lower, subordinate elements under certain circumstances are able to claim the dominant value (this is the phenomenon of inversion). The development of inversions in these hierarchies can lead to the escalation of social contradictions. The study identified gender-specific goal-setting; Fisher transformation was used to identify the significance of gender differences. In particular, it was found that female respondents are significantly more likely to point to goals related to building a family, giving birth to children, purchasing real estate, getting favorite work; male respondents pay more attention to high earnings. Particular importance was attached to the identification of inversions in the motivational hierarchy, the relationship between narrow and broad social motives. In particular, it was found that narrow social motives related to personal and / or family well-being strongly prevail in the goal-setting of students over broad social motives, as well as over cognitive and research motives. In this case, there is an inversion, as a result of which prosocial motives are inferior to selfish motives, and this inspires some anxiety. At the same time, we observe an evident desire of the vast majority of students to arrange their own family life, despite the crisis of family values identified by many researchers. The motivation to maintain family ties with the older generation is also important. All this can be viewed as a manifestation of prosocial tendencies
VALUE OF EDUCATION: INVERSION OF MEANINGS
No full textHigher education in Russia is going through a crisis. This crisis is connected with the lack of ideology in the sphere of education. As a result, the purpose and meaning of education are undergoing inversion. They are not directed at the development of society and its institutions, but at the satisfaction of the needs of discrete education institutions, and also at rendering private educational services. As a result, the society wastes huge resources assigned for education, but the education activities does not reach the effect. This situation requires urgent measures from the state
The role of composition and structure of vanadium-doped nanosized titanium(iv) oxides (anatase and η-phase) in the realization of photocatalytic, adsorption and bactericidal properties
No full textSamples containing vanadium-doped nanosized titanium(iv) oxides with anatase and η-phase structures were prepared by a modified sulfate process, and samples with vanadium-doped η-phase were prepared for the first time. The bulk and the surface of the samples were characterized by a lot of methods, including X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS/XANES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the samples was studied in the reaction of photodegradation of the cationic dye rhodamine 6G (in the visible region) and the systemic triazole fungicide difenoconazole (in the UV and visible regions). The PCA was found to be influenced by the phase composition of the samples, the composition of their surface, and nanosized titanium(iv) oxide modifications. Vanadium-doped samples with η-phase containing different ions (Ti3+, Ti4+, V4+, and V5+) and reactive OH groups on the nanoparticle surface exhibited the highest PCA. The samples were shown to have a higher adsorption capacity (AC) for the extraction of As(v) (the highest AC in the presence of vanadium-doped anatase and η-phase) and P(v) (the highest AC in the presence of undoped anatase and η-phase) anions from aqueous systems. The adsorption capacity correlates with the amount of reactive OH groups on the nanoparticle surface and does not depend on the modification of the adsorbent. Only vanadium-doped anatase containing the largest fraction of an amorphous component and the largest amount of SO4 2- groups on its nanoparticle surface exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus anthracoides. Vanadium doped anatase and η-phase can be used to purify aquatic environments of harmful organic pollutants and a wide range of anions. © 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
The role of composition and structure of vanadium-doped nanosized titanium(iv) oxides (anatase and η-phase) in the realization of photocatalytic, adsorption and bactericidal properties
No full textSamples containing vanadium-doped nanosized titanium(iv) oxides with anatase and η-phase structures were prepared by a modified sulfate process, and samples with vanadium-doped η-phase were prepared for the first time. The bulk and the surface of the samples were characterized by a lot of methods, including X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS/XANES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the samples was studied in the reaction of photodegradation of the cationic dye rhodamine 6G (in the visible region) and the systemic triazole fungicide difenoconazole (in the UV and visible regions). The PCA was found to be influenced by the phase composition of the samples, the composition of their surface, and nanosized titanium(iv) oxide modifications. Vanadium-doped samples with η-phase containing different ions (Ti3+, Ti4+, V4+, and V5+) and reactive OH groups on the nanoparticle surface exhibited the highest PCA. The samples were shown to have a higher adsorption capacity (AC) for the extraction of As(v) (the highest AC in the presence of vanadium-doped anatase and η-phase) and P(v) (the highest AC in the presence of undoped anatase and η-phase) anions from aqueous systems. The adsorption capacity correlates with the amount of reactive OH groups on the nanoparticle surface and does not depend on the modification of the adsorbent. Only vanadium-doped anatase containing the largest fraction of an amorphous component and the largest amount of SO4 2- groups on its nanoparticle surface exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus anthracoides. Vanadium doped anatase and η-phase can be used to purify aquatic environments of harmful organic pollutants and a wide range of anions. © 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
The State of the Cenopopulations of Botrychium Lunaria (L.) Sw. on the Territory of the Natural Park “Rybachy and Sredny Peninsulas” (Murmansk Region)
No full textA survey of the rare relict fern Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw was conducted in one of the recently created specially protected natural areas (SPNA) in the Murmansk Region – the natural park “Rybachy and Sredny Peninsulas”. 6 cenopopulations were identified in various parts of the park. It has been shown that this species will grow in a variety of conditions both with respect to the totality of the intensity of the action of abiotic factors and with respect to the composition of the phytocenosis. It is shown that while the vitality of individuals varies within rather narrow limits and only in two cenopopulations is below 1, the density of individuals differs significantly. The results of the survey showed that when monitoring the condition of the cenopopulations of the moon-fern, it is necessary to use a set of parameters
Efeito da adição de sais nas propriedades físico-químicas de micelas normais e reversas formadas por surfactantes dipolares iônicos
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em QuímicaNeste trabalho, estudaram-se as interações de cátions com micelas normais de sulfobetaína. A variação do potencial zeta mostrou que a incorporação de cátions pelas micelas é dependente da valência e tamanho das espécies positivas: cátions trivalentes interagem melhor que di- e monovalentes. Também se observou que a valência e o tamanho dos cátions di- e monovalentes influenciam o raio hidrodinâmico da micela, com o primeiro exercendo maior efeito sobre o raio que o último. Também foram estudadas as propriedades de micelas reversas de um surfactante dipolar iônico contendo um anel imidazólio (ImS3-14). Os resultados mostraram que este surfactante forma micelas reversas em clorofórmio somente na presença de soluções salinas de NaClO4 e NaCl. O anion perclorato que é mais volumoso e menos hidratado que o cloreto interage mais fortemente com a interface aumentando a solubilidade da água em micelas reversas. Cálculos computacionais indicaram a presença de interações entre o anion sulfonato e os hidrogênios aromáticos do surfactante em clorofórmio. O deslocamento dos sinais de RMN 1H da água e dos hidrogênios aromáticos depende da quantidade de água presente (w0) nas micelas reversas. Também foi observado que a variação do w0 altera significativamente o espectro de absorção da água no infravermelho. Reações de hidrólise básica de um diéster de fosfato em micelas reversas foram mais rápidas na presença de perclorato do que de cloreto. Isto é consistente com a observação de que o perclorato aumenta a solubilidade da água nestes sistemas. As micelas reversas de ImS3-14 foram capazes de estabilizar as nanopartículas de paládio mas não se mostraram capazes de estabilizar as de ouro.In this work interactions between cations and sulfobetaine micelles were studied. Variation of zeta potential showed that incorporation of cations by sulfobetaine micelles is dependent on the valence and size of the positive species: trivalent cations interact with micellar interface better than di- and monovalent cations. We also observed that valence and size of di- and monocations influence the hydrodynamic radius of the micelle, with the former contributing to a greater size of the radius than the latter. We also studied the properties of reversed micelles from a surfactant containing a dipolar ionic imidazolium ring (ImS3-14). Results showed that this surfactant forms reversed micelles in chloroform only in presence of aqueous solutions of NaClO4 and NaCl. Perchlorate anion which is greater in shape and less hydrated than chloride interacts more strongly with micellar interface increasing water solubility in reversed micelles. Computational calculations indicate the presence of interaction between sulfonate anion and the acidic aromatic hydrogen of the surfactant in chloroform. 1H NMR chemical shifts of water and aromatic hydrogens depend on the amount of water (w0) incorporated in the reversed micelle. It was also observed that varying w0 changes significantly the water absorption infrared spectrum. Alkaline hydrolysis reactions of a phosphate diester in reversed micelles were more accelerated in the presence of perchlorate than chloride. This is consistent with the previous observation that perchlorate increases water solubility in such systems. Reversed micelles of ImS3-14 in chloroform were capable of stabilizing palladium nanoparticles but not gold nanoparticles
Self-assembling systems based on amphiphilic alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides: Elucidation of the role of head group
No full textСоциальные лифты и их восприятие обучающимися
Get PDFIntroduction. Society is a hierarchical system in which active elements, that is, individuals, are interested in acquiring a higher position. This is especially true for young people who are just determining their life prospects. Social institutions that allow you to move to a higher social position are commonly referred to as «social elevators». The theoretical basis of this study is the doctrine of systemic inversions. System inversion is a form of relations in hierarchical systems, in which some lower element acquires a dominant value in this system, but does not leave its initially subordinate position. Inversion in a hierarchical system occurs due to the fact that several organizational principles operate simultaneously in such a system, each of which determines the hierarchical position of subordinate elements. Systemic inversion occurs when the action of one organizational principle contradicts the action of another such principle (or several ones). The action of one or another social elevator makes it possible for the subject to change his social status in relation to any organizational principle in the social hierarchy. Thus, the action of the social elevator can both create inversions in the social system and contribute to their resolution.Purpose setting. In this study, the university students' ideas about the future use of social elevators were studied. The study was of a pilot nature.Methodology and methods of the study. The study used a specially designed questionnaire. A total of 290 respondents (undergraduate students of various fields of study) were interviewed.Results. Data were obtained on which social elevators students consider to be the most important for themselves. The most significant are such social elevators as business, professional career in employment, marriage, as well as creative self-realization. Further education, as a social elevator, is reliably more often mentioned by girls than boys.Conclusions. The study of the social elevators preferred by students should be continued in the future; this information is necessary for the formation of educational and social policy.Введение. Общество является иерархической системой, в которой активные элементы, то есть отдельные люди, заинтересованы занять более высокую позицию. В особенности это касается молодежи, еще только определяющей свои жизненные перспективы. Общественные институты, которые позволяют перемещаться на более высокую социальную позицию, принято обозначать как «социальные лифты». Теоретической базой исследования является учение о системных инверсиях. Системная инверсия представляет собой форму отношений в иерархических системах, при которой некоторый низший элемент приобретает в этой системе главенствующее значение, но не покидает при этом своей исходно подчиненной позиции. Инверсия в иерархической системе возникает вследствие того, что в такой системе действует одновременно несколько организационных принципов, каждый из которых определяет иерархическую позицию соподчиненных элементов. Системная инверсия возникает тогда, когда действие одного организационного принципа противоречит действию другого такого принципа (или нескольких). Действие того или иного «социального лифта» дает возможность субъекту менять свой социальный статус применительно к какому‑либо организационному принципу в социальной иерархии. Таким образом, действие социального лифта может как создавать инверсии в социальной системе, так и способствовать их разрешению.Постановка задачи. В настоящем исследовании изучались представления студентов вузов о грядущем использовании социальных лифтов. Исследование носило пилотный характер.Методика и методология исследования. В ходе исследования использовалась специально разработанная анкета, опрошено в общей сложности 290 респондентов (студентов бакалавриата разных направлений подготовки).Результаты. Получены данные о том, какие именно социальные лифты студенты считают для себя важными. Наиболее значимы такие социальные лифты, как бизнес, профессиональная карьера при работе по найму, брак, а также творческая самореализация. Дальнейшее образование как социальный лифт достоверно чаще упоминают девушки, чем юноши.Выводы. Исследование предпочитаемых студентами социальных лифтов следует продолжать; эта информация необходима для формирования образовательной и социальной политики
Исследование целеполагания современных студентов
Get PDFThe article presents a study of the goal setting by modern students. The authors analyze the role of goal setting in educational and future professional activities. The authors consider goal setting in the structure of valueoriented activity. They reveal the correlation of prosocial and egoistic values of students. The article provides a brief overview of modern approaches to goal setting. The authors consider various aspects of goal setting related to future professional activities, family life planning and the formation of material prosperity. The practical part of the study includes an analysis of goal setting based on a survey of 479 respondents (172 male, 307 female). The respondents were senior students of Novosibirsk universities. The researchers asked the respondents to formulate their life goals for one year, for five years, and for life. The results of this study are diverse. On the one hand, it reveals disturbing trends (a low level of prosocial motives expressed in the goal setting by students, as well as a small percentage of students who associate their future with research activities). Consumer motivation is expressed in student’s goal setting much more strongly than prosocial motivation. On the other hand, the results of the study allow us to speak about the preservation of the importance of family values in the views of modern students. There is a desire to acquire housing in the property, which indicates a tendency to settle down. This contradicts the ideas about the prospect of increasing the mobility of labor resources in Russia. It is also significant that only less than a third of young men and less than a third of girls expressed their intention to start their own business, which indirectly indicates the relatively modest prospects for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia. Finally, the study showed a low level of emigrant sentiment among the surveyed students. The authors consider it expedient to organize such studies everywhere on an ongoing basis.Введение. В статье представлено исследование целеполагания современных студентов. Анализируется роль целеполагания в образовательной и будущей профессиональной деятельности. Постановка задачи. Целеполагание рассматривается в структуре ценностно-ориентационной деятельности. Выявляется соотношение просоциальных и эгоистических ценностей обучающихся. Дан краткий обзор современных подходов к целеполаганию. Методология и методика исследования. В статье рассматриваются различные аспекты целеполагания, связанные с будущей профессиональной деятельностью, планированием семейной жизни и формированием материального достатка. Результаты. Практическая часть исследования включает в себя анализ целеполагания на материале опроса 479 респондентов (172 мужского пола, 307 женского пола). Выборку составили студенты старших курсов университетов г. Новосибирска. Респондентам предлагалось сформулировать свои жизненные цели на один год, на пять лет и на всю жизнь. Результаты исследования носят разноплановый характер. С одной стороны, в нем выявляются тревожные тенденции (низкий уровень просоциальных мотивов, выраженных в целеполагании студентов, а также незначительный процент студентов, связывающих свое будущее с научно-исследовательской деятельностью). Потребительская мотивация выражена в целеполагании студентов гораздо сильнее, чем просоциальная. С другой стороны, результаты исследования позволяют говорить о сохранении значимости семейных ценностей в представлениях современных студентов. Выводы. Отмечается стремление к приобретению жилья в собственность, что свидетельствует о тенденции к оседлому проживанию. Это противоречит представлениям о перспективе повышения мобильности трудовых ресурсов в России. Показательно также, что лишь менее трети юношей и менее трети девушек высказали намерение открыть собственное дело, что косвенно указывает на относительно скромные перспективы развития малого и среднего бизнеса в России. Наконец, исследование показало невысокий уровень эмигрантских настроений среди опрошенных студентов. Представляется целесообразной повсеместная организация подобных исследований на постоянной основе
