2,400 research outputs found
PSYNDEX Tests Review für EED - ERTEL-EINDRUCKSDIFFERENTIAL
No full textThis is a PSYNDEX Tests Review of EED - ERTEL-EINDRUCKSDIFFERENTIAL. PSYNDEX Tests Reviews are written in German and describe and evaluate psychological and educational tests used in the German-speaking countries. PSYNDEX Tests is offered by the Leibniz Institute for Psychology as open access documentation.Das ist ein PSYNDEX Tests Review zu EED - ERTEL-EINDRUCKSDIFFERENTIAL. PSYNDEX Tests Reviews beschreiben und bewerten zentrale psychologische und pädagogische Testverfahren, die in den deutschsprachigen Ländern eingesetzt werden, nach einem standardisierten Raster. PSYNDEX Tests wird durch das Leibniz-Institut für Psychologie als Open Access Dokumentation angeboten.publishedVersio
The Ganzfeld debate continued: A response to Milton and Wiseman (2001)
No full textMost researchers in parapsychological circles and beyond are familiar with the ganzfeld debate, which was revived in a series of articles that appeared in Psychological Bulletin This article is a response to J. Milton and R. Wiseman's (2001) reply to L. Storm and S. Ertel (2001), who took issue with J. Milton and R. Wiseman's (1999a) claim that the evidence for psi in the ganzfeld was not replicable. The authors (Storm & Ertel) argue that in their reply, J. Milton and R. Wiseman (2001) misrepresented the issues raised in R. Hyman and C. Honorton's (1986) joint Communique to their advantage. Milton and Wiseman wrongly took the standards of the Communique as implying low quality of all previous studies and downplayed the accumulated evidence that doubts about the credibility of pre-Communique ganzfeld researchers were unwarranted. They wrongfully belittled statistical significance, an important contributor to empirical evidence, and on mere circumstantial grounds, they ignored the necessity of the bidirectionality test, which is acknowledged as a unique psi indicator. The authors reassess the effect sizes for the various ganzfeld databases and conclude that Milton and Wiseman's critique is essentially out of place. For future ganzfeld and psi research in general, the authors recommend a process-oriented strategy
The Ganzfeld debate continued: A response to Milton and Wiseman (2001)
No full textMost researchers in parapsychological circles and beyond are familiar with the ganzfeld debate, which was revived in a series of articles that appeared in Psychological Bulletin This article is a response to J. Milton and R. Wiseman's (2001) reply to L. Storm and S. Ertel (2001), who took issue with J. Milton and R. Wiseman's (1999a) claim that the evidence for psi in the ganzfeld was not replicable. The authors (Storm & Ertel) argue that in their reply, J. Milton and R. Wiseman (2001) misrepresented the issues raised in R. Hyman and C. Honorton's (1986) joint Communique to their advantage. Milton and Wiseman wrongly took the standards of the Communique as implying low quality of all previous studies and downplayed the accumulated evidence that doubts about the credibility of pre-Communique ganzfeld researchers were unwarranted. They wrongfully belittled statistical significance, an important contributor to empirical evidence, and on mere circumstantial grounds, they ignored the necessity of the bidirectionality test, which is acknowledged as a unique psi indicator. The authors reassess the effect sizes for the various ganzfeld databases and conclude that Milton and Wiseman's critique is essentially out of place. For future ganzfeld and psi research in general, the authors recommend a process-oriented strategy
Basiskomponenten der Persönlichkeit
Get PDFSoftcover, 158 S.: 25,00 €Softcover, 17x24Seit über 70 Jahren kursieren in der Psychologie faktorenanalytische Modelle der Persönlichkeit. Methodologische Kontroversen, die jahrzehntelang die Szene beherrschten, wurden seit etwa zwei Jahrzehnten von einem zunehmenden Konsens abgelöst. Das Fünf-Faktoren-Modell (FFM) hat die Vorherrschaft gewonnen. Das FFM ist indessen mit schwerwiegenden Mängeln behaftet, was die theoretische Deutung der fünf Dimensionen betrifft. Der Verfasser hat dafür einen bislang unerkannten Fehler in den Grundauffassungen der Psychometrie verantwortlich machen können (Ertel, 2011). In seiner vorliegenden Schrift wird die Szene der methodisch und theoretisch mangelhaften Persönlichkeitsforschung aufgerollt. Ein neues Verfahren der Faktorenrotation (Varimin) wird eingesetzt, das im Unterschied zur bisherigen Modellierung, das sich dem Prinzip der Einfachstruktur verschrieben hatte, der Komplexität der analysierten Variablen Rechnung trägt. Das Verfahren, das für die faktorenanalytische Forschung ein neues Paradigma eröffnet, ermittelt Varianzquellen der Persönlichkeit, die als Basiskomponenten eines psychophysischen Ganzen eine funktionale Einheit erkennen lassen. Damit werden die Hindernisse überwunden, die einem theoretischen Verständnis der Ergebnisse faktorenanalytischer Persönlichkeitsforschung bisher im Wege standen.Thurstone's principle of simple structure is rejected and replaced by its converse, the principle of complex structure. Varimax, the popular simple structure rotation of factors, is replaced by varimin, a novel procedure taking account of the complexity of investigated variables (s. Ertel, 2011). An exploratory factor analysis of a
similarity matrix of 16 kinship terms showed that expected semantic features (sex, generation, nuclear family, lineality) manifest themselves by varimin rotation,while distorted clusters of kinship terms are obtained by varimax rotation.
Varimin rotation was also applied to five PCA-factors obtained from 30 facet variables of NEO-PI-R (Ostendorf & Angleitner, 2004). As expected, variminrotated
factors do not replicate the Big-Five factors neuroticism, extraversion, etc., they rather reveal basic componential features (usually called „dimensions‟): activation level (high-low), activation slope (ascending-descending), source of regulation (endodynamic-
exodynamic), phenomenal quality (endomodal-exomodal), and functionality (eufunctional vs. dysfunctional). The well-known Big-Five factors represent clusters of those features rather than simple dimensions. Sensation seeking, internalexternal
control, i. e. further constructs of simple structure- oriented research, are likewise conceivable as patterns of functioning based on those five componential
features. The validity of the five features obtained by varimin has largely been
confirmed by rankings of the 30 NEO-PI-R facets using the features as judgmental
criteria. Replacing Thurstonian simple structure by procedures aiming at complex
structure might help to generate a systemic architecture in the personality and
individual differences domains. More psychological functioning might be made
transparent by modelling patterns of basic features
Does psi exist? Comments on Milton and Wiseman's (1999) meta-analysis of ganzfeld research
No full textJ. Milton and R. Wiseman (1999) attempted to replicate D. Bem and C. Honorton's (1994) meta-analysis, which yielded evidence that the ganzfeld is a suitable method for demonstrating anomalous communication. Using a database of 30 ganzfeld and autoganzfeld studies, Milton and Wiseman's meta-analysis yielded an effect size (ES) of only 0.013 (Stouffer Z = 0.70, p = .24, one-tailed). Thus they failed to replicate Bem and Honorton's finding (ES = 0.162, Stouffer Z = 2.52, p = 5.90 x 10(-3), one-tailed). The authors conducted stepwise performance comparisons between all available databases of ganzfeld research, which were argued not to be lacking in quality. Larger aggregates of such studies were formed, including a database comprising 79 ganzfeld-autoganzfeld studies (ES = 0.138, Stouffer Z = 5.66, p = 7.78 x 10(-9)). Thus Bem and Honorton's positive conclusion was confirmed. More accurate population parameters for the ganzfeld and autoganzfeld domains were calculated. Significant bidirectional psi effects were also found in all databases. The ganzfeld appears to be a replicable technique for producing psi effects in the laboratory.Storm, Lance, Ertel, Suitber
Today: 30.1.1896, Dr. Hermann Anatol Ertel (1896-1967)
No full textHermann A. Ertel was a prominent official in the German auditing and fiduciary profession in the 1920s to 1940s, who also made a name for himself as the author and editor of important professional manuals. Ertel was born in Berlin on 30 January 1896, the son of the composer Jean Paul Ertel and Julie Noa. He studied law and national economics and received his doctorate in law in Würzburg in 1920. From 1924 he was in-house counsel and editor of the "Treuhandverband Verband Deutscher Treuhand- ..
Julius Carl Ertel : Ein Hamburger Industrieller
Get PDFAls Direktor, später als Alleininhaber einer Kupferhütte besaß Julius Carl Ertel in der Kaufmanns- und Handelsstadt Hamburg eine Sonderstellung. Aus Breslau stammend kam er im Alter von 26 Jahren in die Hansestadt, wo er 1872 zusammen mit Rudolph Bieber die Firma Ertel, Bieber & Co. gründete, die ihre Werksanlagen mitten im Hafengebiet hatte. Seine entscheidende Bedeutung erlangte Ertel jedoch durch die weitreichenden Verbindungen, die er deutschlandweit mit zahlreichen anderen Firmen knüpfte. In deren Aufsichtsräten beteiligte er sich aktiv am Aufbau der expandierenden Wirtschaft der Gründerzeit. Dabei war er kein Mann, der sich in den Vordergrund drängte. Auf zurückhaltende, zugleich zielstrebige Weise betätigte sich dieser frühe Donator der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung im modernen Sinn als Netzwerker.Julius Carl Ertel held a special position as director and later as sole owner of a copper smelter in the commercial and trading city of Hamburg. Born in Wroclaw, he came to the Hanseatic city at the age of 26. Together with Rudolph Bieber, he founded Ertel, Bieber & Co. in 1872. The company had its facilities in the middle of the harbour area. However, Ertel gained its decisive importance through the extensive connections he made with numerous other companies throughout Germany. In the supervisory boards of these companies, he played an active role in building up the expanding economy of the Gründerzeit. Ertel was not a man who pushed himself into the foreground. This early donor of the Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung acted as a networker in the modern sense of the wor
Faktorenanalyse am Scheideweg
Get PDFSoftcover, 184 S.: 27,00 €Softcover, 17x24Ein fataler Fehler der konventionellen Psychometrie wird in dieser Monographie aufgedeckt. Das Prinzip der Einfachstruktur, an dem sich seit den Anfängen der Faktorenanalyse alle Varianten der Rotation extrahierter Faktoren ausgerichtet haben, geht an der empirischen Realität vorbei. Das „Simple Structure“-Prinzip zwingt die Variablen einer multivariaten Untersuchung in ein monokausales Korsett und hindert sie daran, die tatsächlich vorliegende Komplexität latenter Komponenten zu entfalten. Dies ist der Grund, warum faktorenanalytische Ergebnisse durchweg theoretisch fruchtlos blieben und eher Unbehagen als Zufriedenheit mit sich brachten. Mit den später entwickelten konfirmatorischen Verfahren, die am realitätsfremden Ideal der Einfachstruktur festhielten, wurde keine Wende erzielt. Eine Wende aber stellt sich ein, sobald man sich dazu entschließt, bei der Rotation von Faktoren das scheinbar unverzichtbare Prinzip der Einfachstruktur aufzugeben und mehrfaktorielle Komplexität der Variablen unbeschränkt zuzulassen. Dazu dient in der statistischen Praxis das vom Verfasser entwickelte Rotationsverfahren Varimin. Die Ergebnisse von Varimin-Analysen, die in diesem Buch beschrieben werden, übertreffen die Ergebnisse von Einfachstruktur-Analysen (Varimax) an Deutbarkeit, Stabilität, und - scheinbar paradoxerweise – sogar auch an Einfachheit.The present study aims at disclosing a methodological prejudice which has misled factor analysis since its beginning. Simple structure, the guiding principle for factor rotation (Thurstone, 1935/1947), is regarded as a questionable dogma. The Thurstone principle impedes the discovery of latent sources of variance on which manifest empirical variables are based. This criticism is elucidated by theoretical considerations and by verbatim quotations of critical authors. The present calamity of factorial research is deemed to be due to general flaws of methodical reasoning. One-sided mathematical formalization in the discipline has lost its objectives by ignoring ordinary sources of knowledge and linguistic processing. The problem of simple structure cannot be solved by circumplex- and structural equation procedures which suffer from the same flaws as simple structure modelling. A paradigm change is overdue. An alternative factor transformation modeling complex structures is demanded, it will be delineated in chapter 2. This chapter is a sequel of chapter 1 (Ertel, 2009) in which varimax, the procedure of factor rotation commonly used to generate simple structure, is replaced with varimin. Varimin aims at manifesting interacting aspects of latent structural components. The model of complexity which is outlined by initial factor extractions is optimized. The new method raises a number of issues of which five are discussed at length. Are varimin factors interpretable Can latent sources of covariance, being complex already by initial solutions, be rendered more complex? Have simple structure solutions in common practice not been tolerable, to say the least? Varimin factor loadings are often bipolar. How to interpret the bipolarity of varimin factors? Does varimin reveal contributions of variance originating from methodical sources? Ten empirical applications of varimin transformation serve as examples. Particular features of transformation to complex structure, revealing latent sources of covariance (by varimin), are compared with pertinent results obtained from transformations to simple structure (by varimax). Varimax will remain useful merely for clustering objectives. Attention is also drawn to limitations of the methodical innovation. Eighteen matrices with intercorrelations of eight subtest variables of the intelligence test I-S-T, widely used in Germany, were subjected to principal component analysis, the resulting factors were rotated by varimin towards optimal complex structure. The 18 varimin solutions were aggregated, two factors resulted: Varimin-F1 represented a general factor g (‘general or basic intelligence’), varimin-F2 represented an achievement-modifying factor, obviously dependent on preceding educational training and learning (‘learning assets’, l). The validity of varimin-F1, general intelligence, was ascertained by high correlations between g and test scores of general intelligence, operationalized by culture-free tests CFT und FRT. The interpretation of varimin-F2 found support by significant correlations with learning-dependent school grades and scores in orthography and arithmetic. The 18 PCA-factors were also transformed by varimax to simple structure. This transformation caused a splitting up of initial g into two seemingly separate factors, called ‘fluid’ and ‘crystallized’ intelligence by convention. In addition, differences between varimax F1 (fluid) and F2 (crystallized) regarding correlations with external criteria (general intelligence vs. school grades, training scores in orthography and arithmetic) which should have emerged were missing. The aggregate of varimax results yielded an unexpected third factor with considerable weight which, however, turned out to be an artifact of simple structure. Apparently, simple structure modelling of intelligence test data blends general intelligence with learning effects. Rotation of intelligence data to simple structure does not reveal, as it should, independent contributions of latent functional components. The results of a factorial study are reported using sports data whose underlying sources of variance are more transparent than those of invisible mental data: decathlon record scores. The aim was to compare varimin and varimax results regarding factorial stability and interpretability. It is shown that varimin factors revealed latent sources of variance in interaction, while varimax factors yielded obscure clusters of those sources of variance. In addition, factor structures obtained by varimin rotation were more robust to changing data sources than those obtained by varimax rotation. The new methodical turn might revive exploratory factorial research which, due to questionable results of the past, has lost reputation
Julius Carl Ertel. Ein Hamburger Industrieller
No full textJulius Carl Ertel held a special position as director and later as sole owner of a copper smelter in the commercial and trading city of Hamburg. Born in Wroclaw, he came to the Hanseatic city at the age of 26. Together with Rudolph Bieber, he founded Ertel, Bieber & Co. in 1872. The company had its facilities in the middle of the harbour area. However, Ertel gained its decisive importance through the extensive connections he made with numerous other companies throughout Germany. In the supervisory boards of these companies, he played an active role in building up the expanding economy of the Gründerzeit. Ertel was not a man who pushed himself into the foreground. This early donor of the Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung acted as a networker in the modern sense of the wor
Dynamical Diagnosis: A Comparison of Quasigeostrophy and Ertel Potential Vorticity
No full textAbstract
Advances in computer power, new forecasting challenges, and new diagnostic techniques have brought about changes in the way atmospheric development and vertical motion are diagnosed in an operational setting. Many of these changes, such as improved model skill, model resolution, and ensemble forecasting, have arguably been detrimental to the ability of forecasters to understand and respond to the evolving atmosphere. The use of nondivergent wind in place of geostrophic wind would be a step in the right direction, but the advantages of potential vorticity suggest that its widespread adoption as a diagnostic tool on the west side of the Atlantic is overdue. Ertel potential vorticity (PV), when scaled to be compatible with pseudopotential vorticity, is generally similar to pseudopotential vorticity, so forecasters accustomed to quasigeostrophic reasoning through the height tendency equation can transfer some of their intuition into the Ertel-PV framework. Indeed, many of the differences between pseudopotential vorticity and Ertel potential vorticity are consequences of the choice of definition of quasigeostrophic PV and are not fundamental to the quasigeostrophic system. Thus, at its core, PV thinking is consistent with commonly used quasigeostrophic diagnostic techniques.</jats:p
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