1,721,031 research outputs found
Evaluation of Effective Strain and n-Value of ITER TF Conductor Samples
No full textThe acceptance tests of the Cable in Conduit Conductors for the Toroidal Field coils of the ITER magnet system are being performed at the SULTAN facility in Villigen, Switzerland. The main physical quantity measured in these tests is the current sharing temperature, Tcs . In Tcs measurements, the E-T characteristic curve of the conductor is traced. This curve is utilized here to evaluate the equivalent n-index and the effective strain of the superconducting Nb3Sn cable, under the simplifying assumptions of a uniform strain, current density and temperature distribution in the cable cross section. The variations of n-index and effective strain with mechanical cycling and their sensitivity to the applied transverse load and to the warm up-cooldown process are presented for various conductor samples tested recently
Modeling of the electro-mechanical behavior of ITER Nb3Sn cable in conduit conductors
No full textThe coupling of electrical and mechanical modeling of superconducting cable in conduit conductors (CICCs) can be useful for the understanding of the complex phenomena occurring in cables based on strain-sensitive materials like Nb3Sn. The MULTIFIL model is a detailed mechanical model aimed at computing the strain distribution at the strand level in multistrand superconducting cables. MULTIFIL is a finite element code dealing with the contacts between beam assemblies that includes plasticity and it allows modeling both transverse and longitudinal loads applied to the cable. The electromagnetic part of the THELMA code is based on a distributed parameter electrical circuit model of CICCs and is aimed at computing the current distribution and electrical losses at an arbitrary cabling stage. In this work, the maps of strain have been computed with MULTIFIL for a petal of a relevant conductor for the central solenoid of the ITER magnet system. These strain maps were computed in three main cases, namely applying only a thermal compressive strain due to cable contraction in cool-down, considering thermal strain plus the strain due to Lorentz force in a virgin state, and thermal strain plus Lorentz force after a given number of electromagnetic cycles. These strain maps have been implemented in the THELMA code, in order to compute the E–T curves corresponding to the different cases, such deriving important parameters to be compared with experimental results (Tcs, n value, effective strain). A methodology to account in the electrical model for the inhomogeneous strain on the strand cross section due to bending is described and the corresponding results are compared to the case of a homogeneous strain on the wire cross section. The model is able to explain the experimental difference between the physical strain that can be determined with Tc measurements and the effective strain that can be derived from the Tcs measurements
Effects of the Nb3Sn Wire Cross Section Configuration on the Thermal Stability Performance
No full textThe thermal and electrical conductivities of the normal matrix of LTS wires have a remarkable influence on the wire stability. In particular, in Nb3Sn wires, a bronze matrix in the region of the superconducting filaments may act as a thermal and electrical barrier between the filaments and the copper matrix. This phenomenon is analyzed here through a numerical model accounting for these thermal and electrical transverse resistances. The model is applied to a parametric analysis of the effect of the main properties of the wire matrix on the quench energy
and velocity. A 2D analysis of the wire cross section is applied to
investigate how a configuration change could improve the wire
stability
Performance analysis of the toroidal field ITER production conductors
Full text linkThe production of the superconducting cables for the toroidal field (TF) magnets of the ITER machine has recently been completed at the manufacturing companies selected during the previous qualification phase. The quality assurance/quality control programs that have been implemented to ensure production uniformity across numerous suppliers include performance tests of several conductor samples from selected unit lengths. The short full-size samples (4 m long) were subjected to DC and AC tests in the SULTAN facility at CRPP in Villigen, Switzerland. In a previous work the results of the tests of the conductor performance qualification samples were reported. This work reports the analyses of the results of the tests of the production conductor samples. The results reported here concern the values of current sharing temperature, critical current, effective strain and n-value from the DC tests and the energy dissipated per cycle from the AC loss tests. A detailed comparison is also presented between the performance of the conductors and that of their constituting strands
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Comparing Thermal Stability of NbTi and NbSn Wires
No full textThe investigation of quenching in low temperature superconducting wires is of great relevance for a proper design of superconductive cables and magnets. This paper reports the experimental results of a vast measurement campaign of quench induced by laser pulses on NbTi and NbSn wires in pool boiling Helium I. A comparison of the quench behavior of two typical NbTi and NbSn wires is shown from different standpoints. Different qualitative behaviors of the voltage traces recorded during quenches and recoveries on NbTi and NbSn wires are reported and analyzed. It is shown that the NbSn wire exhibits a quench or no-quench behavior, whereas quenches and recoveries are exhibited by the NbTi wire. The two wires are also compared considering the behaviors of the two main parameters describing quench, i.e. quench energies and quench velocities, with respect to operation current and pulse duration and magnetic field. It is shown that the NbSn wire exhibits a ‘kink’ of the quench energy vs current curve that makes the quench energy of NbSn lower than that of NbTi at some intermediate current levels. Both the qualitative differences of the voltage traces and the different behaviors of quench energies and velocities are interpreted through a coupled electromagnetic- thermal model, with special emphasis on the detailed description of heat exchange with liquid helium
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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