9,247 research outputs found
Combating stem and leaf rust of wheat: Historical perspective, impacts, and lessons learned
No full textmillions fed, food security, wheat rust, stem rust, leaf rust, Norman Borlaug,
Sources of resistance to yellow rust and stem rust in wheat-alien introgressions
No full textWheat is the staple food and the main source of caloric intake in most developing countries, and thereby an important source in order to maintain food security for the growing populations in those countries. Stem rust Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, and yellow rust P. striiformis f. sp. tritici of wheat continues to cause severe damage locally and globally, thereby contributing to food insecurity. In this paper biology and taxonomy of stem rust and yellow rust, breeding for resistance, utilization of resistance sources from different gene pools, molecular characterization and genetic dissection of resistance to rusts are discussed
Interrelations between citrus rust mite, Hirsutella thompsonii and greasy spot on citrus in Surinam
No full textCounts of citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashm.)) on leaves and fruit of citrus rose to a peak in the two dry seasons, the build up taking 4-5 weeks. It then decreased partly through infection by the entomogenous fungus Hirsutellathompsonii Fisher and partly through a decline in feed quality. The low counts in the wet seasons were associated with rain rather than humidity, temperature or infections by H. thompsonii. Spraying with suspensions of fragmented mycelium of H. thompsonii (mass concentration 0.5-1.0 g litre -1) prevented the build up of citrus rust mite.The severity of greasy spot (Stenella sp.) was positively correlated with counts of citrus rust mite. Defoliation of citrus trees after greasy spot infection was associated with high counts of mite.Control of citrus rust mite (with chlorobenzilate: mass concentration of a.i. 2 g litre -1at 500 litre ha -1) was warranted when 25% of fruit or 15% of leaves bore at least one mite per lens field (1.5 cm 2). Greasy spot could be controlled by preventing build-ups of citrus rust mite
ANTLR4 Rust Grammar Project, Comprehensive Documentation
No full textThe Sebasos01/antlr-rust-project aims to deliver a complete ANTLR4 grammar for the Rust programming language. This project addresses approximately 120 missing grammar patterns in previous grammars by iteratively refining the syntax rules. Using a corpus of ~3.5 million lines of Rust code from major projects (including Rust’s own compiler, an OS, a web framework, and a game engine), the grammar was extended to handle all valid Rust syntax. The result is an ANTLR4 grammar that can parse virtually any correct Rust source file, with only intentionally broken “compile-fail” test cases (used to ensure the Rust compiler rejects invalid code) being out of reach.
This report documents the project’s motivation, methodology, technical design, results, and guidance for users, which highlights how this contribution fills a long-standing gap in Rust’s tooling ecosystem. This work is part of a larger C to Rust transpiler effort: the first step completes the Rust ANTLR grammar; subsequent steps involve generalizations via an extended Concrete Syntax Tree (eCST), creation of intermediate representations using dataflows, and further transformations toward idiomatic Rust.Pregrad
Economic Impacts of Soybean Rust on the US Soybean Sector
No full textThe spread of Asian Soybean Rust (ASR) represents a real threat to the U.S. soybean sector. We assess the potential impacts of ASR on domestic soybean production and commodity markets as well as the competitive position of the US in the soybean export market. We develop a mathematical stochastic dynamic sector model with endogenous prices to assess the economic impacts of ASR on US agriculture. The model takes into account the disease spread during the cropping season, the inherent uncertainty regarding the risk of infection, and the dichotomous decisions that farmers make (no treatment, preventive treatment, and curative treatment) facing the risk of infection. Our results suggest substantial impacts from potential ASR spread on agricultural output, prices and exports. Our simulation results suggest that substantial losses to the US soybean producers may be avoided by establishing effective soybean rust controls. ASR control policies can be particularly efficient if applied in the gateway regions on the path of the ASR spread. On the other hand, our results indicate a possible gradual shift in soybean production from lower-latitude states toward higher-latitude statesAsian Soybean Rust, Stochastic Models, Dynamic Models, Crop Production/Industries, C61, Q13,
Search for partial resistance to leaf rust in a collection of ancient Spanish wheats
No full textA collection of 917 accessions of Spanish durum and bread wheat was screened for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) under field conditions at three locations. Resistance levels ranged from very low to very high, high susceptibility being most frequent. Relative disease severity (referred to the most susceptible accession = 100 %) was lower than 20 % in about 6 % of the accessions in each location. In the collection most of the lines (84 %)displayed a susceptible infection type. A final selection of seven accessions (one of them durum) displaying low severity level in the field and high infection type in a growth chamber was chosen for further studies. High levels of partial resistant with longer latency period and high percentage of early aborted colonies without necrosis were found. They might be used in breeding programmes
Economic Impacts of Soybean Rust on the US Soybean Sector
No full textThe spread of Asian Soybean Rust (ASR) represents a real threat to the U.S. soybean sector. We assess the potential impacts of ASR on domestic soybean production and commodity markets as well as the competitive position of the US in the soybean export market. We develop a mathematical stochastic dynamic sector model with endogenous prices to assess the economic impacts of ASR on US agriculture. The model takes into account the disease spread during the cropping season, the inherent uncertainty regarding the risk of infection, and the dichotomous decisions that farmers make (no treatment, preventive treatment, and curative treatment) facing the risk of infection. Our results suggest substantial impacts from potential ASR spread on agricultural output, prices and exports. Our simulation results suggest that substantial losses to the US soybean producers may be avoided by establishing effective soybean rust controls. ASR control policies can be particularly efficient if applied in the gateway regions on the path of the ASR spread. On the other hand, our results indicate a possible gradual shift in soybean production from lower-latitude states toward higher-latitude states.Asian Soybean Rust, Stochastic Models, Dynamic Models, Agribusiness, Marketing, C61, Q13,
Decision Support System for Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) Management using QnD
No full textThe objective of this project is to design a decision support system for soybean rust management using gaming software that incorporates farmer's decision making in the face of risks from soybean rust. Learning from past actions and neighbor's actions are also incorporated. Farmers observe rust outbreak in the current and past periods and decide over how much of land to allocate between soybean, corn and other crops. This decision is influenced by maximization of expected profits criterion which entails crop rotation choices that are based upon perceived risks, yield drags and input costs from altering optimum rotation patterns. Adoption of new technology in terms of selecting better rust management practices is also analyzed in an adaptive management framework. The software meets the need of guiding policy formulation besides training stakeholders in making economically sound choices in the absence of empirical data over pest infestation.Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
Italy: Cases on the application of the ne bis in indem principle, Menci (C-524/15) Orsi and Baldetti (C-217/15 and C-350/15) and Bisignani (C-125/17) on Italian Reporting Obligations
No full textThis chapter is divided into two sections. The first section of this chapter analyses Italian cases concerning the ne bis in idem principle (also known as "double jeopardy"), namely case C-524/15 (Menci), currently pending before the CJEU, and joined cases C-217/15 and C-350/15 (Orsi and Baldetti), decided by the CJEU on 5 Aprii 2017. In both the above cases, the request for a preliminary ruling concerned the interpretation of the double jeopardy clause given effect in Article 50 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in the light of Article 4 of Protocol No 7 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the related case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
The second section of the chapter analyses Case C-125/17 (Bisignani) which concerns the Italian reporting obligations regime introduced by Law No. 167 of 26 June 1990 (Decree 167/1990). This regime was enacted in order to allow the Italian tax authorities to gather information from Italian-resident taxpayers about assets held outside Italy
Jospeh C. Arthur and the 'Founding' of the Purdue Rust Herbarium
No full textPaper delivered before a joint meeting of the History of Science Society and the American Historical Association, discussing J. C. Arthur's interest in the Rust Fungi and the events leading to the founding the Rust Herbarium at Purdue University
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