1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Execution and observation of bringing a fruit to the mouth affect syllable pronunciation
No full textKinematic analysis of lip and voice spectrum analysis were used to assess the influence of both execution and observation of arm-mouth-related actions on speech production. In experiments 1 and 2 participants brought either a cherry or an apple to their mouth and either pronounced the syllable BA (experiment 1) or emitted a nonspeech-related vocalization (experiment 2). In the other three experiments participants observed arm actions performed by the experimenter and pronounced the syllable BA. In experiment 3, they observed the action of bringing the cherry or apple to the mouth. In experiments 4 and 5, they observed a pantomime of the same action performed by the experimenter with his own arm (experiment 4) or with a nonbiological arm (experiment 5). The results showed that the formant 2 of the vowel 'a' increased when participants executed the bringing-to-the-mouth act with the apple or observed its execution or pantomime with the experimenter's arm (experiments 1, 3 and 4). In contrast, no modification in the vowel formants was found during a nonspeech-related vocalization (experiment 2) and during observation of an action with a nonbiological arm (experiment 5). Finally, the opening of the lips was larger when the participant brought the apple rather than the cherry to the mouth and pronounced BA (experiment 1). Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that the execution and observation of the bringing-to-the-mouth action activate a mouth articulation posture (probably due to the act of food manipulation with the mouth) which selectively influences speech production. They support the idea that the system involved in speech production shares and may derive from the neural substrate which is involved in the control of arm-mouth interactions and, in general, of arm actions
Action observation and speech production: study on children and adults
No full textThe present study aimed to determine whether observation of upper limb actions selectively influences speech production. We compared the effects on children with those on adults, hypothesizing that action observation is used by children for speech learning. Children and adults observed an actor either grasping a cherry or an apple, or bringing the same fruits to his mouth. They pronounced the syllable/ba/ at the end of the action. In a control experiment, children and adults executed the two bringing-to-the-mouth actions, still pronouncing/ba/. As previously found ([Euro. J. Neurosci., 17 (2003) 179]; [Euro. J. Neurosci., 19 (2004) 192]), the observed kinematics of the action, which were different according to the fruit size, influenced lip shaping kinematics and voice formants. In addition, the effect was selective for the action since the observations of actions such as grasping and bringing-to-the-mouth affected formant 1 and formant 2 in the voice spectra, respectively. The effects on speech were greater in the children than in the adults. By contrast, the effects on lip shaping did not differ between the two groups. Effects similar to those found for action observation were found for action execution in spite of a different arm kinematics between children and adults. The results of the present study are discussed according to the hypothesis that action observation induces in the viewer action recognition and activation of the successive mouth act (probably grasping-with-the-mouth when observing grasping-with-the-hand and chewing when observing bringing-to-the-mouth). This subsequently seems to affect characteristics peculiar to the emitted vowel. This mechanism might have been used by humans to transfer a primitive arm gesture communication system from the arm to the mouth and may be further used by children for speech learning
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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