1,991 research outputs found
Useful Variations of the Badal Optometer
No full textThe simple Badal Optometer consists of a movable target and a fixed positive power lens placed at its focal distance away from the eye. The perceived angular size of the target is independent of target position and the power scale is linear. Limitations of the simple Badal Optometer include restriction of negative (myopic) ocular vergence range, the need for targets to be small, and the problem of "proximal" accommodation. We describe two modifications to the Badal system in which these limitations may be overcome by the use of a movable auxiliary optical system. In one modification, the movable auxiliary system consists of a target and positive lens which together may provide a virtual "target" for the Badal lens and thus increase the negative range. In the second modification, the Badal lens is positioned as it would normally be, but the target is an image of a distant stimulus created by the auxiliary lens. The target position (and hence the ocular vergence) is changed by moving the auxiliary lens. The distant target eliminates the proximal accommodation stimulus and allows spatial detail near the resolution limit to be displayed
Robert Badal
No full textRobert Badal was a Dean of Arts and Humanities at Moorhead State University..https://red.mnstate.edu/nwmn_gallery/1003/thumbnail.jp
El paisatge vegetal de la Marina, a partir dels carbons prehistòrics
No full textBadal Garcia, Ernestina - [email protected]
“An Introduction to the Life and Poetry of Shaikh Muhammad Durafshan: An 18th Century Sufi Poet from Western Makran”
No full textCanti religiosi dei zikri in Balochistan che sono mistici sufi cantano a lode di Mahdi, Muhammad, Allah, ecc
Mammography and breast tomosynthesis simulator for virtual clinical trials
No full textComputer modeling and simulations are increasingly being used to predict the clinical performance of x-ray imaging devices in silico, and to generate synthetic patient images for training and testing of machine learning algorithms. We present a detailed description of the computational models implemented in the open source GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo x-ray imaging simulation code MC-GPU. This code, originally developed to simulate radiography and computed tomography, has been extended to replicate a commercial full-field digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) device. The code was recently used to image 3000 virtual breast models with the aim of reproducing in silico a clinical trial used in support of the regulatory approval of DBT as a replacement of mammography for breast cancer screening. The updated code implements a more realistic x-ray source model (extended 3D focal spot, tomosynthesis acquisition trajectory, tube motion blurring) and an improved detector model (direct-conversion Selenium detector with depth-of-interaction effects, fluorescence tracking, electronic noise and anti-scatter grid). The software uses a high resolution voxelized geometry model to represent the breast anatomy. To reduce the GPU memory requirements, the code stores the voxels in memory within a binary tree structure. The binary tree is an efficient compression mechanism because many voxels with the same composition are combined in common tree branches while preserving random access to the phantom composition at any location. A delta scattering ray-tracing algorithm which does not require computing ray-voxel interfaces is used to minimize memory access. Multiple software verification and validation steps intended to establish the credibility of the implemented computational models are reported. The software verification was done using a digital quality control phantom and an ideal pinhole camera. The validation was performed reproducing standard bench testing experiments used in clinical practice and comparing with experimental measurements. A sensitivity study intended to assess the robustness of the simulated results to variations in some of the input parameters was performed using an in silico clinical trial pipeline with simulated lesions and mathematical observers. We show that MC-GPU is able to simulate x-ray projections that incorporate many of the sources of variability found in clinical images, and that the simulated results are robust to some uncertainty in the input parameters. Limitations of the implemented computational models are discussed
Oral Interview of Robert Badal
No full textInterview of former Dean of Arts and Humanities at Moorhead State University.https://red.mnstate.edu/oral_interviews/1002/thumbnail.jp
Analisis بدل /Badal/ dalam Al-Qur’an Surah ال عمران /Ali ‘Imrān/
No full textThis study discusses the structure, types and i’rāb badal contained in the Al-Qur'an surah Ali 'Imrān. The purpose of this research is to find out the structure, types and i’rāb badal contained in the Al-Qur'an surah Ali 'Imrān using the badal theory put forward by Al Ghulayaini. This research is a library research and uses descriptive analysis method. The results of this study indicate that there are 18 data found from 16 verses. From these data, 8 badal structures were found, namely 3 noun badal and 5 noun phrase badal with the types of badal found, namely 13 badal mutābiq and 5 badal ba'ḍu min kul and i'rāb badal in surah Ali 'Imrān there were 3 that is 7 i'rāb rafa', 8 i'rāb naṣab, and 3 i'rāb jar. In this study, it was found that there were 3 badal from mubdal minhu in the form of isim ḍamir and no found badal isytimāl and badal mubayyin were found in surah Ali 'Imrān. As for i'rāb badal in the Al-Qur'an surah Ali 'Imrān it is found that there are 7 i'rāb rafa', 8 i'rāb naṣab, and 3 i'rāb jar. The conclusion obtained from this study is that badal structures can be in the form of nouns and noun phrases that follow the position of the word that is followed.63 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Singer of Tales: Story of a Baloch Minstrel how he was discovered in his early age as a future epic singer
No full textUntil the late 20th century Balochistan had a class of minstrels, called Pahlawan (lit. “singer of heroic deeds”), who used to go around and sing verse narratives, called shayr. They mostly came from the dependent social class but had a unique place in Baloch society as they were considered as the custodians of Baloch history and code of behavior. Many such minstrels were related to prominent figures and tribal chiefs while others were itinerary minstrels who earned a living by singing at wedding ceremonies or visiting villages after harvests. Although minstrelsy was not a family profession, there were families who passed it on from father to son. In the majority of cases, the profession was started during the early age of a person and continued until the end of one’s days. Now that the socio-economic conditions have changed, minstrelsy has become a dying art with no or very few new ones learning the art. Among the living minstrels, Pahlawan Mazar is one of the most prominent names. This paper is based on his life experience and discusses how he entered the profession, who were his teachers, how much time he spent before becoming an independent singer of epics and so on
BADAL HAJI : ANALISIS KRITIS PANDANGAN MAZHAB MALIKI DAN MAZHAB SYAFI’I
No full textAbstrak Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan analisis pandangan Mazhab Maliki dan Mazhab Syafi’i tentang badal haji. Penelitian tentang badal haji ini dirasa penting mengingat badal haji merupakan praktik yang hidup dalam masyarakat muslim, khususnya di Maluku. Pokok masalahyang diajukan adalah bagaimanakah badal haji menurut pandangan Mazhab Maliki dan Mazhab Syafi’i? Penilitian menggunakan pendekatan syar’i dan komparasi. Penelitian bersifat kepustakaan (library research) yang mengandalkan sumber-sumber data tertulis baik berupa sumber primer maupun sekunder. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik kepustakaan dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis dengan metode analisis deduktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa badal haji berkenaan dengan seorang muslim yang secara finansial telah dikategorikan wajib haji, tetapi sampai ia wafat, tidak sempat melaksanakan haji karena adanya halangan yang dibenarkan dalam Islam. Mazhab Maliki berpendapat bahwa orang lain tidak diperbolehkan untuk menggantikan orang yang telah meninggal tersebut untuk melaksanakan haji untuknya karena menurut mazhab Maliki, haji diwajibkan kepada orang Islam yang masih hidup. Seorang yang telah meninggal, tak ada lagi kewajiban haji untuknya dan tidak boleh orang lain berhaji untuknya. Ini berbeda dengan Mazhab Syafi’i yang membolehkan badal haji dilakukan untuk orang yang sudah meninggal karena secara tekstual, hadis-hadis Nabi saw. jelas membolehkannya.Kata Kunci: badal haji, mazhab, wafat, mubah, makruhAbstract This research is concerned with analysing the views of the Maliki Mazhab and the Shāfi'ī Mazhab on badal haji. Research on badal Hajj is considered important considering that badal Hajj is a practice that lives in Muslim communities, especially in Maluku. The main issue raised is how is badal haji according to the views of the Maliki Mazhab and the Shāfi'ī Mazhab? The research uses shar'i and comparative approaches. The research is library research that relies on written data sources in the form of both primary and secondary sources. The research data was collected using library techniques and analysed using descriptive analysis techniques with deductive analysis methods. The results of this study show that badal Hajj is related to a Muslim who is financially categorised as obliged to perform Hajj, but until he dies, he is unable to perform Hajj because of an obstacle that is justified in Islam. The Maliki school is of the opinion that it is not permissible for another person to replace the deceased person to perform Hajj on his behalf because, according to the Maliki school, Hajj is obligatory for Muslims who are still alive. If a person has died, Hajj is no longer obligatory for him and it is not permissible for someone else to perform Hajj on his behalf. This is different from the Shāfi'ī school of thought, which allows Hajj to be performed on behalf of a deceased person because the text of the Prophet's traditions clearly states that it is permissible.Keywords: badal hajj, mazhab, death, permissible, makru
Analisis بدل /Badal/ dalam Al-Qur’an Surah ال عمران /Ali ‘Imrān/
No full textThis study discusses the structure, types and i’rāb badal contained in the Al-Qur'an surah Ali 'Imrān. The purpose of this research is to find out the structure, types and i’rāb badal contained in the Al-Qur'an surah Ali 'Imrān using the badal theory put forward by Al Ghulayaini. This research is a library research and uses descriptive analysis method. The results of this study indicate that there are 18 data found from 16 verses. From these data, 8 badal structures were found, namely 3 noun badal and 5 noun phrase badal with the types of badal found, namely 13 badal mutābiq and 5 badal ba'ḍu min kul and i'rāb badal in surah Ali 'Imrān there were 3 that is 7 i'rāb rafa', 8 i'rāb naṣab, and 3 i'rāb jar. In this study, it was found that there were 3 badal from mubdal minhu in the form of isim ḍamir and no found badal isytimāl and badal mubayyin were found in surah Ali 'Imrān. As for i'rāb badal in the Al-Qur'an surah Ali 'Imrān it is found that there are 7 i'rāb rafa', 8 i'rāb naṣab, and 3 i'rāb jar. The conclusion obtained from this study is that badal structures can be in the form of nouns and noun phrases that follow the position of the word that is followed.63 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
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