1,725,432 research outputs found
THE 80TH BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF PETR A. IVANOV
No full textThe 80th birth anniversary of Petr A. Ivanov
Relativistic calculation of the electron-momentum shift in tunneling ionization
Get PDFWe describe a procedure for the solution of the time-dependent Dirac equation. The procedure is based on the relativistic generalization of the matrix iteration method. We use this procedure to study electron-momentum distribution along the laser-beam propagation direction for the process of the tunneling ionization of a hydrogen atom. We found, in agreement with the experimental observations [C. T. L. Smeenk, L. Arissian, B. Zhou, A. Mysyrowicz, D. M. Villeneuve, A. Staudte, and P. B. Corkum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 193002 (2011)], that relativistic effects lead to appreciable deviation of the distribution from the strict left-right symmetry present in the nonrelativistic case. The expectation value of the momentum along the laser-beam propagation direction grows linearly with intensity and follows closely the behavior of the expectation value of the kinetic energy divided by the speed of light. These features agree with the experimental results [C. T. L. Smeenk, L. Arissian, B. Zhou, A. Mysyrowicz, D. M. Villeneuve, A. Staudte, and P. B. Corkum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 193002 (2011)]171711Nsciescopu
Spin-flip processes and nondipole effects in above-threshold ionization of hydrogen in ultrastrong laser fields
Get PDFWe consider above-threshold ionization of hydrogen atoms in ultrastrong laser fields. We use a time-dependent Dirac equation as a calculational tool. This framework allows one to include relativistic effects such as nondipole effects, effects of the relativistic kinematics, and electron spin effects. Inclusion of the spin effects allows one to consider the spin-flip process accompanying above-threshold ionization. We present and discuss electron momenta distributions for ionization processes with and without spin flips. Electron momenta distributions for the ionization process without a spin flip show a gradual increase of the role of the nondipole effects with increasing electric field. Electron spectra for the spin-flip ionization exhibit cusplike singularities, and the absence of features (such as the presence of dips) in the case of the ionization without a spin flip. We explain these features by invoking perturbation theory arguments. © 2017 American Physical Society011Nsciescopu
Origin of the cusp in the transverse momentum distribution for the process of strong-field ionization
Get PDFWe study the origin of the cusp structure in the transverse or lateral electron momentum distribution (TEMD) for the process of tunneling ionization driven by a linearly polarized laser pulse. We show that the appearance of the cusp in the TEMD can be explained as follows. Projection on the set of the Coulomb scattering states leads to the appearance of elementary cusps which have a simple structure as functions of the lateral momentum. This structure is independent of the detailed dynamics of the ionization process and can be described analytically. These elementary cusps can be used to describe the cusp structure in TEMD. ©2015 American Physical Society2211Nsciescopu
Time evolution of the lateral-velocity distribution for a strong-field-ionization process
Get PDFWe study time development of a cusp in the lateral-velocity distribution for the process of strong-field ionization. The lateral-velocity distribution is computed using an ab initio quantum mechanical procedure for the moments of time inside and after the end of the laser pulse. We show that at the moment of time corresponding to the midpoint of the laser pulse the lateral-velocity distribution is a smooth Gaussian curve, its parameters agreeing very well with the predictions of the tunelling theories. At the moment of time corresponding to the end of the pulse the lateral-velocity distribution narrows considerably, showing the initial stage of the cusp-formation process due to the Coulomb focusing effect. Following evolution of the ionized wave packet yet further in time we consider the cusp formation in detail. © 2016 American Physical Society011Nsciescopu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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