1,720,978 research outputs found
Dairy products and adolescent nutrition
No full textAdolescence is an intense anabolic period. The requirement for all nutrients is increased, but particularly that for dietary calcium. A balanced intake of the macronutrients (protein, fats and carbohydrates) is recommended to prevent the chronic degenerative disorders of adulthood. The temporal pattern of the calorie intake also deserves attention since it may affect homeostatic regulation. Adolescents often show disorders of dietary behaviour predisposing them to both obesity and anorexia. Dietary intervention in this age-group should promote the regular consumption of breakfast, a balanced intake of animal and vegetable foods and an increased calcium supply to maximize bone density. Dairy products and vegetables (mainly enriched cereals) constitute the basis of a good diet for adolescents, to supply their needs for growth and for subsequent good health
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Infezioni delle vie urinarie in pediatria : inquadramento clinico-diagnostico e farmaco-microbiologico con particolare riguardo alla prevenzione delle recidive
No full textInfluence of a mineral water on the rheological characteristics of reconstituted infant formulas and diluted cows' milk
No full textA bottled spring water with a low mineral content was compared with tap water in the reconstitution and/or dilution of five different infant formulas and cows' milk. The osmolality, buffering power and renal solute load potential of the formulas reconstituted with the bottled water were all significantly lower than when tap water was used (P < 0.01). When the bottled water was used to dilute cows' milk, the morphology of milk casein precipitates (after addition of rennet) was finer and more dispersed than when tap water was used. For formula reconstitution and milk dilution, a benefit, in terms of solute/electrolyte balance, appears to be conferred on infants by the improved theological characteristics of modified milks reconstituted or diluted with this bottled mineral water
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Fatty acid status in treated galactosaemia
No full textNeurodevelopmental problems in patients who have been treated early for galactose-
1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency (classical galactosaemia, McKusick 230400)
are quite common, even when the dietary therapy is not delayed and is apparently
well followed (Komrower 1982). Removing dairy products from the diet does not
seem to reduce the incidence of the deleterious outcomes. Thus, new studies in
biochemical, endocrinological and genetic parameters are needed.
We checked in treated galactosaemics the status of the major n-3, n-6 and n-9
unsaturated fatty acids (FA) critical for the development of growing tissues, particularly
the central nervous system (Martinez 1992). Cases included 5 subjects (3 male
and 2 female, aged 3-14 years) treated from the first month of life for classical
galactosaemia, whose anthropometric indices averaged the 50th centile both for
weight and height. Controls consisted of 8 subjects (6 male and 2 female, aged
3-14.5 years), clinically healthy and on a free diet. For each subject, weight was
appropriate for height. In both groups the macronutrient supply was investigated by
a 24-h recall. A blood sample was drawn after an overnight fast to determine
circulating lipid levels and the FA composition of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids.
Circulating plasma lipids (total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,
triglycerides, phospholipids) were determined through enzymatic methods. For
measurement of FA levels, lipids were extracted with chloroform-methanol (Folch) and phospholipids were separated by thin-layer chromatography. FA methyl esters
were analysed with a model 4160 Carlo Erba gas chromatograph equipped with
Supelcowax 10 capillary column and were expressed as weight percentages.
The analysis of the nutrient supply showed lower protein and saturated fat and
higher monounsaturated fat intake in galactosaemics; the calorie supply was similar
in both groups. No differences were detected between groups for any of the lipidic
classes. As regards the FA status, galactosaemics exhibited higher oleic acid (18:1 n-9,
median 12.5%, range 10.9-13.2%, vs median 10.3%, range 8.49-12.0% in controls,
p < 0.05 (Mann-Whitney U-test)) and lower eicosapentaenoic acid (20 : 5 n-3, median
0.25%, range 0.18-0.41%, vs median 0.43%, range 0.12-0.79% in controls, p < 0.05)
levels in plasma phospholipids. No significant differences were present in the FA
composition of erythrocyte phospholipids.
Milk and dairy products are rich in saturated fats, so their avoidance could be at
the origin of the differences in the dietary habits and in the phospholipid level of
18:1 n-9 FA in galactosaemics. Nevertheless, in contrast to other metabolic disorders
(Holman and Johnson 1981; Galli et al 1991), the FA status of subjects treated for classical galactosaemia seems to be minimally affected by the dietary treatment
and/or the metabolic defect. The observed differences should not have a role in the clinical course of the disease
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