76 research outputs found
Boat Propelling Mechanism
No full text789,641Assigned one half to Lute Ladic Lewis and Robert Howard PatrickThe Oklahoma Inventors is a collection of United States patents issued to individuals residing in Indian and Oklahoma Territory from 1880-1907
LaDiC: Are Diffusion Models Really Inferior to Autoregressive Counterparts for Image-to-Text Generation?
No full textDiffusion models have exhibited remarkable capabilities in text-to-image
generation. However, their performance in image-to-text generation,
specifically image captioning, has lagged behind Auto-Regressive (AR) models,
casting doubt on their applicability for such tasks. In this work, we revisit
diffusion models, highlighting their capacity for holistic context modeling and
parallel decoding. With these benefits, diffusion models can alleviate the
inherent limitations of AR methods, including their slow inference speed, error
propagation, and unidirectional constraints. Furthermore, we identify the prior
underperformance of diffusion models stemming from the absence of an effective
latent space for image-text alignment, and the discrepancy between continuous
diffusion processes and discrete textual data. In response, we introduce a
novel architecture, LaDiC, which utilizes a split BERT to create a dedicated
latent space for captions and integrates a regularization module to manage
varying text lengths. Our framework also includes a diffuser for semantic
image-to-text conversion and a Back&Refine technique to enhance token
interactivity during inference. LaDiC achieves state-of-the-art performance for
diffusion-based methods on the MS COCO dataset with 38.2 BLEU@4 and 126.2
CIDEr, demonstrating exceptional performance without pre-training or ancillary
modules. This indicates strong competitiveness with AR models, revealing the
previously untapped potential of diffusion models in image-to-text generation
sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848231174290 – Supplemental material for Barriers in inflammatory bowel disease care in Central and Eastern Europe: a region-specific analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848231174290 for Barriers in inflammatory bowel disease care in Central and Eastern Europe: a region-specific analysis by Michal Prokopič, Georgiana Gilca-Blanariux, Peter Lietava, Anca Trifan, Anna Pietrzak, Agata Ladic, Marko Brinar, Svetlana Turcan, Tamás Molnár, Peter Bánovčin and Milan Lukáš in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology</p
Economic and environmental impacts of linking the European Union Emissions Trading System with another emissions trading system
No full textIn dieser Masterarbeit war es unser Ziel, im ersten Teil eine zusammenfassende Bewertung der Leistung des EU-EHS anhand von fünf Kriterien zu geben und einige Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten zu erörtern und dann im zweiten Teil die wirtschafts- und umweltpolitischen Auswirkungen einer Verknüpfung des EU EHS mit einem anderen EHS. Unsere Ergebnisse aus dem ersten Teil zeigen, dass das EU-EHS hinsichtlich ökologischer Genauigkeit, Kosteneffizienz und institutioneller Durchführbarkeitskriterien erfolgreich war, jedoch hinsichtlich der Verteilungseffekte und des dynamischen Drucks war es weniger erfolgreich. Die Hauptkritik könnte in Bezug auf den Marktlagengewinnen und fehlende Innovationsanreize, die sich aus der Umsetzung der Politik ergab, zusammengefasst werden. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass die EU einige Schritte unternimmt, um diese Probleme zu lösen. Die Verknüpfung des EU-EHS kann die Systemleistung verbessern, es gibt jedoch auch Risiken, die berücksichtigt werden müssen. Die Möglichkeiten kurzfristiger Effizienzgewinne, einer erhöhten Liquidität und einer verringerten Volatilität des Emissionszertifikatmarktes sowie einer erhöhten politischen Akzeptanz des Systems, sollten gegen die Risiken eines verringerten regulatorischen Spielraums, eines Verlusts der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und anderer nachteiliger Auswirkungen, die aufgrund von Änderungen der Emissionszertifikatspreise entstehen, abgewogen werden. Diese Ergebnisse verdeutlichen noch weiter die große Bedeutung einer angemessenen Vereinbarung internationaler Abkommen und des gegenseitigen Vertrauens zwischen den Ländern, nicht nur in diesem Fall, sondern im Allgemeinen für alle künftigen Klimaschutzabkommen.In this paper our goal was to give a summarized evaluation of the performance of the EU ETS according to five criteria and discuss some improvement possibilities in the first part, and then, in the second part to evaluate the economic and environmental policy impacts of one improvement option which is linking with another similar (compatible) ETS. Our results from the first part show that the EU ETS was successful in ecological accuracy, cost-effectiveness and institutional feasibility criteria, but performed worse in terms of distributional effects and dynamic push. The main criticism could be summarized around windfall profits and lack of innovation incentives resulting from policys implementation. There is evidence that the EU is taking steps to deal with these issues. Linking the EU ETS can improve the systems performance, but there are also risks that must be considered. Possibilities of short-term efficiency gains, enhanced liquidity and decreased volatility of the permit market as well as increased political acceptance of the scheme should be weighed against risks of reduced regulatory leeway, loss of competitiveness and other adverse effects due to permit price changes. These results illustrate even further the great importance of adequate arrangement of international agreements and mutual trust between countries, for not just linking agreements but in general all future climate change agreements.vorgelegt von Peter Kresimir LadicZusammenfassungen auf Deutsch und EnglischMasterarbeit Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2020 2.85
Anatomical evidence for volume transmission in the dorsal vagal complex of the rat
No full textInjection of either calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP)
into the cerebrospinal fluid or dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of the rat has an effect on
gastric function via a vagally-dependent mechanism. These effects are both slow in onset
and of prolonged duration, characteristics of non-synaptic events. Although these
peptides have been previously detected within the DVC, the anatomical basis for their
effects has remained unclear.
In order to examine the possibility that these peptides act via a non-synaptic,
volume transmission mechanism within the rat DVC, a combination of retrograde tracing,
immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy and 3-D reconstruction techniques were used
to investigate the spatial association between nerve fibres immunoreactive for both CGRP
and SP, the substance P receptor (NK-lr) and identified gastric efferent neurons within
this region.
In 3-D reconstructions, it was found that the majority of nerve fibres containing
either SP- or CGRP-IR surrounded identified gastric efferent neurons without making
contact with the membrane of these cells. While most of the CGRP-IR fibres were
preferentially associated with the dendrites of retrogradely-labelled neurons around the
level of the obex, SP-IR fibres surrounded all surfaces of these cells at all levels of the
DVC.
The somatic membrane of a subpopulation of gastric efferent neurons (7%) was
labelled with NK-lr-IR. In addition, NK-lr-IR was localized to nerve fibres, mainly in
the rostral DVC. NK-lr-IR covered almost the entire membrane of some DMV neurons,
with the highest density of receptors localized to the dendrites.
The distribution of neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP), the principle cleavage
enzyme for SP within the CNS, was compared to that of SP-IR, NK-lr-IR and
retrogradely-labelled gastric efferent neurons within this region. The enzyme was not
associated with vagal neurons or fibres at any level of the DVC, but rather was localized
to components of the blood-brain barrier.
In conclusion, the small proportion of neuropeptide-IR nerve fibres that made
direct contact with identified neurons, the non-synaptic localization of NK-lr-IR and the
absence of NEP-IR associated with identified neurons provide anatomical evidence in
support of neural communication via volume transmission within the rat DVC.Medicine, Faculty ofCellular and Physiological Sciences, Department ofGraduat
Association of substance P and its receptor with efferent neurons projecting to the greater curvature of the rat stomach
No full textEconomic and environmental impacts of linking the European Union Emissions Trading System with another emissions trading system
No full textIn dieser Masterarbeit war es unser Ziel, im ersten Teil eine zusammenfassende Bewertung der Leistung des EU-EHS anhand von fünf Kriterien zu geben und einige Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten zu erörtern und dann im zweiten Teil die wirtschafts- und umweltpolitischen Auswirkungen einer Verknüpfung des EU EHS mit einem anderen EHS. Unsere Ergebnisse aus dem ersten Teil zeigen, dass das EU-EHS hinsichtlich ökologischer Genauigkeit, Kosteneffizienz und institutioneller Durchführbarkeitskriterien erfolgreich war, jedoch hinsichtlich der Verteilungseffekte und des dynamischen Drucks war es weniger erfolgreich. Die Hauptkritik könnte in Bezug auf den Marktlagengewinnen und fehlende Innovationsanreize, die sich aus der Umsetzung der Politik ergab, zusammengefasst werden. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass die EU einige Schritte unternimmt, um diese Probleme zu lösen. Die Verknüpfung des EU-EHS kann die Systemleistung verbessern, es gibt jedoch auch Risiken, die berücksichtigt werden müssen. Die Möglichkeiten kurzfristiger Effizienzgewinne, einer erhöhten Liquidität und einer verringerten Volatilität des Emissionszertifikatmarktes sowie einer erhöhten politischen Akzeptanz des Systems, sollten gegen die Risiken eines verringerten regulatorischen Spielraums, eines Verlusts der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und anderer nachteiliger Auswirkungen, die aufgrund von Änderungen der Emissionszertifikatspreise entstehen, abgewogen werden. Diese Ergebnisse verdeutlichen noch weiter die große Bedeutung einer angemessenen Vereinbarung internationaler Abkommen und des gegenseitigen Vertrauens zwischen den Ländern, nicht nur in diesem Fall, sondern im Allgemeinen für alle künftigen Klimaschutzabkommen.In this paper our goal was to give a summarized evaluation of the performance of the EU ETS according to five criteria and discuss some improvement possibilities in the first part, and then, in the second part to evaluate the economic and environmental policy impacts of one improvement option which is linking with another similar (compatible) ETS. Our results from the first part show that the EU ETS was successful in ecological accuracy, cost-effectiveness and institutional feasibility criteria, but performed worse in terms of distributional effects and dynamic push. The main criticism could be summarized around windfall profits and lack of innovation incentives resulting from policys implementation. There is evidence that the EU is taking steps to deal with these issues. Linking the EU ETS can improve the systems performance, but there are also risks that must be considered. Possibilities of short-term efficiency gains, enhanced liquidity and decreased volatility of the permit market as well as increased political acceptance of the scheme should be weighed against risks of reduced regulatory leeway, loss of competitiveness and other adverse effects due to permit price changes. These results illustrate even further the great importance of adequate arrangement of international agreements and mutual trust between countries, for not just linking agreements but in general all future climate change agreements.vorgelegt von Peter Kresimir LadicZusammenfassungen auf Deutsch und EnglischMasterarbeit Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2020 2.85
Impact of trainee involvement on the outcome of ERCP procedures: Results of a prospective multicenter observational trial
No full textBackground Training in advanced endoscopic techniques such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be driven by key performance measures and standardized competence assessment in order to provide safe and high-quality interventions. We aimed to determine whether the involvement of trainees influences the outcome of the procedure and the incidence of ERCP-related adverse events. Methods This was an international, multicenter, prospective, observational study conducted at six high- and low-volume centers across Europe between October 2016 and October 2018, and included independent operators and their trainees. Standard report forms documenting indication, trainee involvement, technical outcome, and complications over a 30-day follow-up of consecutive ERCP procedures were included in the analysis. Technical success of the procedure and procedure-related adverse events were compared between procedures in the trainee group and the control group using bivariable and multivariable analysis. Results 21 trainees and 16 control endoscopists performed 1843 ERCPs during the study period. Trainee involvement in ERCP procedures did not decrease technical success (92.4% vs. 93.7%; P =0.30) or increase the risk of adverse events (14.7% vs. 14.6%; P >0.99). Conversely, there were significantly more moderate or severe adverse events in the control group compared with the trainee group (6.2% vs. 3.4%, P =0.01). On multivariable analysis, only increased bilirubin levels, time to cannulation, and procedure difficulty level increased the risk of any procedure-related adverse event. Conclusion Trainee involvement in ERCP interventions within a proper teaching setting is safe and does not compromise the success of the procedure
Perceptual judgments of roughness as influenced by second formant frequency
No full textThe role of tongue height and position and their acoustic influence upon judgments of glottal roughness has been the source of several investigations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of second formant frequency positions on listener judgments of roughness. An electrical analog of the larynx (LADIC) was used to simulate a laryngea source. The output of LADIC was fed into a vocal tract analog and all center formant frequencies were held constant with the exception of the second formant frequency, which was varied from 1000 to 1800 Hz in 200 Hz steps. The signals were recorded on magnetic tape and arranged in a paired-comparisons and a rating scale design. The listeners were asked to make judgments of roughness. Variations in the second formant under neither procedure appeared to be related to listener perceptions of roughness. However, certain significant differences were observed and it is suggested that the reader go to the results and discussion section where it was explained that significant results were probably spurious. Results from this study did not demonstrate that varying the second formant is of importance in the perception of roughness.Communication Sciences and Disorders, Department o
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