383,226 research outputs found
The Born Family in Göttingen and Beyond
No full textRevised and extended editionSoftcover, 17x242Gustav Victor Rudolf Born was born in Göttingen in 1921 as one of the three
children of Hedwig Born and the already famous physicist Max Born who
became Nobel laureate in Physics in 1954. On the grounds of the Born’s Jewish
origins and the open pacifism of Max Born, the National Socialists forced the
Born family to leave Germany in 1933, soon after the National Socialist Party
seized power. The family immigrated to Great Britain, first to Cambridge, later to
Edinburgh. The Born children spent the rest of their childhood and youth in Britain,
and Gustav Born obtained his medical degree from Edinburgh University, his
doctoral degree from the University of Oxford. During his long and distinguished
academic career, Born has held chairs of pharmacology at the Royal College of
Surgeons, at Cambridge University, and at King’s College in London. At the end
of his outstanding career and his invaluable contributions to knowledge of the
pathophysiology of the circulation, haemosthasis, thrombosis and atherogenesis,
he was Research Professor at the William Harvey Research Institute.
In this book he reflects on the life journey the Born family was forced to take.
The text stems from the conference “Göttingen and the development of the Natural
Sciences”, organized by the Georgia Augusta’s Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte
in November 2000. Gustav Born agreed to attend and follow the invitation to
present a keynote address on “The Born family in and out of Göttingen”, which was
held in the University’s sanctum sanctorum, the so-called Alte Aula. His address
was the highlight of the conference, attended by many from Göttingen’s academic
community and concluded with a long standing ovation.
In a personal conversation with Arnulf Quadt (professor for particle physics at
Göttingen University), briefly before his sad passing in April 2018, Gustav Born
encouraged to make the book on the story of his family available again. The
University of Göttingen is deeply honoured to follow Gustav Born’s suggestion
and present a commented reprint of the original keynote in 2002
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Predictors of Stunting, Wasting and Underweight among Tanzanian Children Born to HIV-Infected Women.
No full textChildren born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are susceptible to undernutrition, but modifiable risk factors and the time course of the development of undernutrition have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to identify maternal, socioeconomic and child characteristics that are associated with stunting, wasting and underweight among Tanzanian children born to HIV-infected mothers, followed from 6 weeks of age for 24 months. Maternal and socioeconomic characteristics were recorded during pregnancy, data pertaining to the infant's birth were collected immediately after delivery, morbidity histories and anthropometric measurements were performed monthly. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards methods were used to assess the association between potential predictors and the time to first episode of stunting, wasting and underweight. A total of 2387 infants (54.0% male) were enrolled and followed for a median duration of 21.2 months. The respective prevalence of prematurity (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 g) was 15.2% and 7.0%; 11.3% of infants were HIV-positive at 6 weeks. Median time to first episode of stunting, wasting and underweight was 8.7, 7.2 and 7.0 months, respectively. Low maternal education, few household possessions, low infant birth weight, child HIV infection and male sex were all independent predictors of stunting, wasting and underweight. In addition, preterm infants were more likely to become wasted and underweight, whereas those with a low Apgar score at birth were more likely to become stunted. Interventions to improve maternal education and nutritional status, reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and increase birth weight may lower the risk of undernutrition among children born to HIV-infected women
Born in Bradford
No full textBorn in Bradford is one of the worlds biggest studies into why children become ill, following 13,500 babies born in the city from 2007-2011. Ian McMillan (poet) and I were commissioned by the Bradford Institute for health research to create a small book of photographs and a narrative poem that could articulate the overarching ideas behind this study.
Photographs by Ian Beesley
Poem by Ian McMilla
'Chinese Inscriptions': Australian-born Chinese Lives
No full textThis thesis represents a transdisciplinary study based on qualitative research and critical analysis of oral history interviews and the personal narratives of sixty-seven Australian-born Chinese. It uses cultural studies approaches to investigate the diverse ways Chineseness becomes inscribed into the lives of Australian-born Chinese. It investigates diverse ways Chineseness becomes inscribed into the lives of Australian-born Chinese within three social and cultural spaces Australian-born Chinese inhabit. These are the family, mainstream Australian society and Chinese diasporic spaces located in China and Australia. In examining these three social and cultural spaces, this study seeks to demonstrate that Chineseness represents an inescapable ‘reality’ Australian-born Chinese are compelled to confront in their everyday lives. This ‘reality’ exists despite rights of birth, generational longevity, and strong national and cultural identities and identifications grounded in Australia, and whether or not Australian-born Chinese willingly choose to identify as ‘Chinese’. Nevertheless, despite the limits of Chineseness Australian-born Chinese experience in their lives, this study demonstrates that Australian-born Chinese are individual agents who devise a range of strategies and tactics which empower them to negotiate Chineseness in relevant and meaningful ways of their own choosing
‘Born to Shop’: Malls, Dream-Worlds and Capitalism
No full textIt has been twenty years since the fall of the Berlin Wall, and a new generation, untouched by the previous communist regimes, has come to adulthood throughout the post-communist world. The Iulius Group’s logo – ‘Born to shop!’ – suggests that these are born shoppers: the capitalist babies of Central and Eastern Europe who are sustaining the largest growth in retail and shopping malls in Europe. With no living memory of shortages, queuing, or government restrictions, they know only the limit of their own – or their parents’ – pocket/credit. Their world could not be more different from the one that their parents and grandparents experienced: both the abundance of goods and services, as well as the opulent settings under which they are now sold, offer striking visual contrasts to the not-so-distant past. In addition, the very experience of consumption is directly connected to the way in which the current social fabric – and new social divisions within it – is interwoven with the physical and architectural changes taking place in the urban setting
Bred and Born - a reflection
No full textLoraine will reflect on her experience of participation in the Four Corners' 1980s film production Bred and Born
Birthweight of babies born to Indigenous mothers
No full textThis paper provides an overview of the birthweight of babies born to Indigenous mothers, including recent trends and information on factors associated with birthweight variation.
Summary
Almost 4% of all babies born in 2011 were to Indigenous mothers
In 2011, a total of 11,729 Indigenous mothers gave birth to 11,895 babies according to data from the National Perinatal Data Collection. These babies represented 3.9% of all births in 2011. Nearly all (99%) births to Indigenous mothers in 2011 were live births (rather than stillborn); this is the same proportion as for births to non-Indigenous mothers.
Newborns of Indigenous mothers were twice as likely to be of low birthweight
In 2011 and considering liveborn babies only:
12.6% of babies born to Indigenous mothers were of low birthweight (less than 2,500 grams), 86.0% were of normal birthweight (between 2,500 grams and 4,499 grams) and 1.4% were of high birthweight (4,500 grams or more)
Indigenous mothers were twice as likely as non-Indigenous mothers to have babies of low birthweight (12.6% and 6.0% respectively)
excluding multiple births, 11.2% of singleton babies born to Indigenous mothers were of low birthweight-2.5 times the rate for non-Indigenous mothers (4.6%)
on average, the birthweight of singleton babies of Indigenous mothers (3,215 grams) was 191 grams lower than that of babies born to non-Indigenous mothers (3,406 grams).
Gap in birthweight has narrowed over a decade
Between 2000 and 2011, there was a statistically significant decrease in the low birthweight rate among liveborn singleton babies of Indigenous mothers, with the rate declining by 9% over the period (or by 0.1 low birthweight babies per 100 live births annually).
In contrast, there was no significant change in the corresponding rate for non-Indigenous mothers. As such, there was a statistically significant narrowing of the gap in the rate for Indigenous and non-Indigenous mothers between 2000 and 2011.
Decline in rate of pre-term births to Indigenous mothers and smoking during pregnancy
A wide range of factors are associated with birthweight, including pre-term births and maternal smoking during pregnancy. In 2011, 12.5% of liveborn babies of Indigenous mothers were born pre-term, as were 7.5% of babies born to non-Indigenous mothers. Between 2000 and 2011, the rate of pre-term births among liveborn singleton babies of Indigenous mothers declined (by 7%), and the Indigenous to non-Indigenous gap in the pre-term birth rate narrowed significantly.
Half (50%) of all Indigenous mothers who gave birth in 2011 reported smoking during pregnancy, as did 12% of non-Indigenous mothers. Smoking during pregnancy declined between 2005 and 2011, but improvement was greater among non-Indigenous mothers (25% drop) than Indigenous mothers (6% drop).
Indigenous babies
While the focus of this paper is on national data about the birthweight of babies born to Indigenous mothers, data about Indigenous babies are available for 6 jurisdictions for 2011. Of all liveborn Indigenous babies born in 2011 in the 6 jurisdictions, 11.5% were of low birthweight. National data about Indigenous babies will be available from 2012 onwards
The foreign-born population in upstate New York
No full textAn analysis of upstate New York's foreign-born residents suggests that they contribute to the region's human capital in important ways. This population boasts a greater concentration of college graduates than either the region's native-born population or immigrants downstate. While some immigrants upstate may compete with U.S.-born workers for jobs, the more highly educated appear to be entering skilled occupations - in medicine, science, and research particularly - that complement those of native-born residents. Subseries: Second District Highlights.Labor mobility ; Immigrants ; Federal Reserve District, 2nd ; Labor supply
Justification of the Cauchy-Born approximation of elastodynamics
No full textWe present sharp convergence results for the Cauchy-Born approximation of general classical atomistic interactions, for static problems with small data and for dynamic problems on a macroscopic time interval
On the stability of Bravais lattices and their Cauchy–Born approximations
No full textWe investigate the stability of Bravais lattices and their Cauchy–Born approximations under periodic perturbations. We formulate a general interaction law and derive its Cauchy–Born continuum limit. We then analyze the atomistic and Cauchy–Born stability regions, that is, the sets of all matrices that describe a stable Bravais lattice in the atomistic and Cauchy–Born models respectively. Motivated by recent results in one dimension on the stability of atomistic/continuum coupling methods, we analyze the relationship between atomistic and Cauchy–Born stability regions, and the convergence of atomistic stability regions as the cell size tends to infinity
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