1,730,129 research outputs found
Modelling the impact of sanitation, population growth and urbanization on human emissions of cryptosporidium to surface waters: A case study for Bangladesh and India
No full textCryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that can cause diarrhoea. Human faeces are an important source of Cryptosporidium in surface waters. We present a model to study the impact of sanitation, urbanization and population growth on human emissions of Cryptosporidium to surface waters. We build on a global model by Hofstra et al (2013 Sci. Total Environ. 442 10–9) and zoom into Bangladesh and India as illustrative case studies. The model is most sensitive to changes in oocyst excretion and infection rate, and to assumptions on the share of faeces reaching the surface water for different sanitation types. We find urban centres to be hotspots of human Cryptosporidium emissions. We estimate that 53% (Bangladesh) and 91% (India) of total emissions come from urban areas. 50% of oocysts come from only 8% (Bangladesh) and 3% (India) of the country area. In the future, population growth and urbanization may further deteriorate water quality in Bangladesh and India, despite improved sanitation. Under our 'business as usual' ('sanitation improvements') scenario, oocyst emissions will increase by a factor 2.0 (1.2) for India and 2.9 (1.1) for Bangladesh between 2010 and 2050. Population growth, urbanization and sanitation development are important processes to consider for large scale water quality modelling.Water ManagementCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Project Coolbit: Can your watch predict heat stress and thermal comfort sensation?
Full text link10.1088/1748-9326/abd130ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS16
The Arctic matters: extreme weather responds to diminished Arctic Sea ice
No full textScreen et al (2015 Environ. Res. Lett. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084006 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084006 ) find that model simulations forced by past and future Arctic sea-ice conditions provide robust evidence that a variety of extreme weather events both within and beyond the Arctic will be affected by changing sea-ice conditions
Improved estimates of mangrove cover and change reveal catastrophic deforestation in Myanmar
No full text10.1088/1748-9326/ab666dEnvironmental Research Letters1533403
Latin American cities with higher socioeconomic status are greening from a lower baseline: Evidence from the SALURBAL project
No full text10.1088/1748-9326/ac2a63Environmental Research Letters161010405
Ten years of the Three Gorges Dam: A call for policy overhaul
No full text10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/041006Environmental Research Letters8
The digitalisation, dematerialisation and decarbonisation of the global economy in historical perspective: the relationship between energy and information since 1850
No full text10.1088/1748-9326/ad11c0Environmental Research Letter
A ‘fair and ambitious’ climate agreement is not nearly enough: Paris 2015 take heed!
No full textPeters et al (2015 Environ. Res. Lett. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/10/105004 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/10/105004 ) find that the INDCs submitted prior to the upcoming UNFCCC meetings in Paris are not nearly ‘fair and ambitious’ enough to achieve the goal of limiting global warming to <2 °C and that much greater attention needs to be paid to advanced energy technologies, without which climate goals are unattainable
Cleaner air has contributed one-fifth of US maize and soybean yield gains since 1999
No full textReplication data and code for publication found at https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac0fa
How effective is the European Union energy label? Evidence from a real-stakes experiment
Full text link10.1088/1748-9326/ab05feEnvironmental Research Letters144044001-04400
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