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治療抵抗性小細胞肺がんにおけるケモカインネットワークを標的とした新規治療の開発
Get PDF原発性肺がんの約15%を占める小細胞肺がんは、プラチナ併用化学療法が高い奏効率を示すが、速やかに耐性化する治療抵抗性のがんである。本研究ではSCLCの治療抵抗性にケモカインネットワークが強く関与しているという仮説を検証し、これを標的とした新たな治療開発を行うことを目的とする。申請者はケモカインであるCCL2の産生を増加させる転写因子であるFOXK1の発現上昇が、SCLCの標準化学療法Cisplatinに対するアポトーシス抵抗性に関連があることを新たに見出した。この結果から、FOXK1-CCL2-CCR2経路の活性化がSCLCにおけるCDDP耐性の原因として着目し、本研究を計画した。肺がんはわが国の悪性新生物の死因の第一位であるが、分子標的薬あるいは免疫療法の開発が急速に進んでいる。特に非小細胞肺がん (以下、NSCLC) においては分子標的薬に対する薬剤耐性機構が徐々に明らかにされている一方で、小細胞肺がん (以下、SCLC) に関しては30年以上もの間、プラチナ併用化学療法 (CDDP or CBDCA + VP-16療法) が一次治療として確立していたが、バイオマーカーを基にした分子標的薬の開発は成功していない。今年、本邦にて免疫チェックポイント阻害薬 (抗PD-L1抗体) であるAtezolizumabをプラチナ併用化学療法に追加する一次治療が保険承認されたが、全生存期間中央値はわずか2カ月程度しか延長せず、NSCLCと比較しても免疫療法の効果は不十分である (Horn L et al. N Engl J Med 2018) 。また、プラチナ併用化学療法に対し速やかに抵抗性となった再発SCLC (refractory relapse) に対してはNGTあるいはAMR単剤が実施されるが、いずれも全生存期間中央値は約6ヶ月と不良 (Pawel J et al. J Clin Oncol 2014) であり、有効な治療が確立されていない。本研究ではSCLCの治療抵抗性にケモカインネットワークが強く関与しているという仮説を検証し、これを標的とした新たな治療開発を行うことを目的とする。申請者はケモカインであるCCL2の産生を増加させる転写因子であるFOXK1の発現上昇が、SCLCの標準化学療法 Cisplatin (以下、CDDP) に対するアポトーシス抵抗性に関連があることを新たに見出した。この結果から、FOXK1-CCL2-CCR2経路の活性化がSCLCにおけるCDDP耐性の原因として着目し、本研究を進めている。研究課題/領域番号:20K17178, 研究期間(年度):2020-04-01 – 2021-03-31出典：研究課題「治療抵抗性小細胞肺がんにおけるケモカインネットワークを標的とした新規治療の開発」課題番号20K17178
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20K17178/）を加工して作成金沢大学がん進展制御研究所research repor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
ALK融合遺伝子陽性肺癌におけるアポトーシス抵抗性因子の解明と克服治療の開発
Get PDF未治療のALK融合遺伝子陽性肺癌患者に対するALK阻害薬 (alectinib) の効果とTP53変異との相関関係を明らかにするため、肺がんの臨床情報と遺伝子情報が統合されたデータベースを解析した。その結果、TP53変異陽性群では野生型群よりも有意に無増悪生存期間が短かった。そして、TP53変異を有するALK融合遺伝子陽性肺癌細胞株に対してプロテアソーム阻害薬をalectinibに併用したところ、アポトーシスを強く誘導した。メカニズムとしてプロテアソーム阻害薬がアポトーシス蛋白であるNoxaの分解を阻害し、細胞内で増加したNoxaが抗アポトーシス蛋白であるMcl-1に結合することを見出した。We used integrated clinical and next-generation sequencing data. ALK-rearranged NSCLC cell lines expressing wild-type or mutant TP53 were used to evaluate cellular apoptosis induced by ALK-TKIs.In 90 ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients who were treated with a selective ALK-TKI, alectinib, TP53 co-mutated patients showed significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) than TP53 wild-type patients [median PFS, 11.7 months vs.NR; p=0.0008; hazard ratio, 0.33]. ALK-rearranged NSCLC cell lines which lost p53 function were resistant to alectinib-induced apoptosis, but a proteasome inhibitior, ixazommib markedly induced apoptosis in the alectinib-treated cells by increasing the expression of a pro-apoptotic protein, Noxa which bound to an anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl-1. In subcutaneous tumor models, combination of ixazomib and alectinib prominently induced tumor regression and apoptosis even though the tumors were generated from ALK-rearranged NSCLC cells with non-functional p53.研究課題/領域番号:18K15922, 研究期間(年度):2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31出典：「ALK融合遺伝子陽性肺癌におけるアポトーシス抵抗性因子の解明と克服治療の開発」研究成果報告書 課題番号18K15922
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18K15922/18K15922seika/）を加工して作成research repor
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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