1,720,957 research outputs found
Analysis of host-microbe interction in the gut of Drsoophila melanogaster
Full text link研究代表者は、ショウジョウバエ腸管における腸内細菌と宿主の相互作用について解析を進めている。本研究では、ショウジョウバエを完全に無菌化することを試みた。これは、特定の細菌のみを定着させて解析を行なうために必要な重要な技術であるが、これまでに真に無菌のショウジョウバエを確立して数世代にわたって維持することは困難であった。そこで研究代表者は、無菌マウス維持に利用される無菌アイソレータを用い、無菌ショウジョウバエの維持・作成のための方法を確立した。すなわち、完全に微生物フリーのショウジョウバエを安定して飼育することが可能になった。The intestinal tract is one of the first organs acquired by multicellular organisms in the course of evolution. Because of its essential role in the digestion and absorption of food, its nutritive environment provides an ideal niche for commensal microbes, the effects of which are considered tremendous on hosts. Drosophila melanogaster, an invertebrate model organism, certainly possesses a gut, and its microbes could be used for investigating host-microbe interactions. However, generating and maintaining “germ-free” Drosophila is rather challenging. In this study, we established a solid and perhaps the first method for establishing germ-free flies, using a vinyl isolator and fly food with a specific composition. This germ-free fly technique could provide a pivotal basis for analyzing gnotobiotic Drosophila, which will improve our understanding of evolutionarily conserved host-microbe interactions in the intestine.研究課題/領域番号:15K18855, 研究期間(年度):2015-04-01 - 2017-03-31出典：「ショウジョウバエの腸管において腸内細菌の違いを感知する新規メカニズムの解明」研究成果報告書 課題番号15K18855
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15K18855/15K18855seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系research repor
Role of mCG8863 for the activation of NF-κB
Full text linkNF-κB経路は抗菌ペプチドやサイトカインの産生を制御するシグナル伝達経路として、自然免疫における中心的な役割を担っている。これまでに、生物に普遍的な自然免疫制御機構の新たな一面を明らかにするため、ショウジョウバエ幼虫における過剰発現スクリーニングを行い、抗菌ペプチドDiptericinの発現を誘導する新規遺伝子であるCG8863を同定している。そこで本研究では、CG8863ノックダウン個体を用いた細菌感染実験により、CG8863のNF-κB経路への関与を示した。さらにCG8863のほ乳類ホモログがIκBαのリン酸化を制御することでNF-κB経路の活性化に寄与している可能性を示唆した。The NF-κB pathway is a phylogenetically conserved signaling pathway that has a central role for inflammatory and immune responses. Ｗe demonstrated that a co-chaperone protein CG8863 is involved in the activation of the canonical NF-κB signaling in flies and in human cultured cells. Overexpression of CG8863 induced an antimicrobial pepide expression in Drosophila. Conversely, knockdown of CG8863 resulted in the reduced expression of antimicrobial peptides and higher susceptibility to Gram-negative bacterial infection in flies. Similarly, Toll-like receptor-stimulated IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB activation was supressed by the knockdown of human CG8863 in HEK293 cells. IKK-overexpession induced NF-κB phosphorylation was also compromised in the CG8863-knockdown cells. Our study reveals a novel conserved regulator of the NF-κB pathway acting at the level of IκB phosphorylation.研究課題/領域番号:25860038, 研究期間(年度):2013-04-01 - 2015-03-31出典：研究課題「NF-κBの活性化に必須な新規遺伝子mCG8863の機能解析」課題番号25860038
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25860038/25860038seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系research repor
Searching for a ligand that activates Gyc76C, a receptor-type guanylate cyclase which mediates innate immunity
Full text link私たちは受容体型グアニル酸シクラーゼGyc76Cが自然免疫を調節する新規受容体であることを明らかにしてきた。
本研究では、Gyc76Cのリガンドを同定することを目標として研究を進めた。ショウジョウバエ幼虫抽出液中に抗菌ペプチド発現を誘導する活性を見いだし、単離・精製し、新規自然免疫活性化因子を同定した。今後は、この因子がGyc76Cのリガンドであるか詳細な解析を進める。We have revealed that Gyc76C, a receptor-type guanylate cyclase, mediates innate immunity. In this study, we sought to identify a ligand for Gyc76C.
We found that Drosophila larval extract has an activity that induces the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila cell line. The activity was purified to homogeneity and the amino acid sequence was determined, resulting in theidentification of a new protein that activates innate immune system in Drosophila. Further analysis should be done to validate that whether the identified protein would be a ligand for Gyc76C.研究課題/領域番号:23890014, 研究期間(年度):2011-2012出典：研究課題「自然免疫を調節する受容体型グアニル酸シクラーゼGyc76Cのリガンド探索」課題番号23890014
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23890014/23890014seika/）を加工して作成research repor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
新規ユビキチンリガーゼSherpaによる自然免疫シグナル制御
Full text linkショウジョウバエToll経路は、病原体や組織傷害に対する自然免疫応答をはじめ、胚発生、細胞間相互作用等重要な生理的プロセスに関与している。しかしなが ら、主に病原体を認識する哺乳動物のToll様受容体の自然免疫経路と比較して、多様な応答性を有するショウジョウバエToll受容体のシグナル伝達因子とその制御機構は完全には解明されていない。本研究では、包括的なゲノムワイドRNAiスクリーニングとシグナル伝達因子複合体プロテーム解析により、Tollシグナル伝達経路に関 与するプロテインキナーゼ等の候補分子を同定し、Toll経路の制御機構に関して新たな仮説を提唱するに至った。The Drosophila Toll pathway is involved in embryonic development, innate immunity, and cell-cell interactions. However, compared to the mammalian Toll-like receptor innate immune pathway, its intracellular signaling mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously performed a series of ex vivo genome-wide RNAi screenings to identify genes required for the activation of the Toll pathway. In this study, we have conducted an additional genome-wide RNAi screening using the overexpression of Tube, an adapter molecule in the Toll pathway, and have performed a co-immunoprecipitation assay to identify components present in the dMyd88-Tube complex. Based on the results of these assays, we have performed a bioinformatic analysis, and describe candidate molecules and post-translational modifications that could be involved in Drosophila Toll signaling.研究課題/領域番号:17K08267, 研究期間(年度):2017-04-01 - 2020-03-31出典：「新規ユビキチンリガーゼSherpaによる自然免疫シグナル制御」研究成果報告書 課題番号17K08267
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17K08267/17K08267seika/)を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系research repor
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