1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The al-Jafr basin and a comparative study of the inland Levantine prehistoric cultures
Full text link本研究では以下に述べる三つの目標を設定し、それに対して次のような成果を挙げた。
1.アル・ジャフル盆地表採石器資料の整理・分析:資料の属性記述・実測・写真撮影・遺跡図面整理を完了した。
2.同資料のデータベース化:表採資料の基本的属性・計測データ・実測図を含むカード型データベースを作成した。今後、若干の修正を加えた上で、ヨルダン国の遺跡データベースに提供する予定である。ただし、写真画像データについては容量の問題があり、一部のみを入力するに止まった。
3.比較研究:アル・ジャフル盆地を含むレヴァント地方内陸部乾燥地帯の先史文化を比較研究した結果、以下のような成果・見通しが得られた。
(1)アズラック盆地とネゲブ・シナイ半島との間に介在する大きな地理的空白が、レヴァント地方内陸部先史文化の比較研究を阻害していた。しかしアル・ジャフル盆地がその空白を埋めることが判明した。同盆地の表採資料は、中期・後期旧石器時代から、新石器時代・金石併用期・前期青銅器時代に至るまでの、広範な内容を含むことが判明した。
(2)表採遺跡の中で最も注目されるJF9503遺跡の年代は、紀元前4千年紀後半あるいは同3千年期の初頭であることが判明した。
(3)JF9503遺跡の表採資料が、羊毛刈り用と推定されている特異な大型石器(Tabular Scraper)やその石核類を多く含んでいることが、主にネゲブ・シナイ方面の遺跡群との比較によって判明した.従って,この遺跡はTabular Scraperの製作址と想定できる。この遺跡を核として、紀元前4千年紀後半あるいは同3千年期の初頭における都市定住民・定住農耕民と遊牧民との交益関係を具体的に追跡することが可能になった。The purpose of this research project was :
1) to construct database of the material, mainly chipped stone artifacts, collected in the al-Jafr basin, southeastern Jordan, in 1995 ;
2) to make a comparative study within the framework of the inland Levantine arid regions, focusing on the chronological and cultural assessment of the al-Jafr basin.
The results was as follows :
1) Database : A card-type database including drawings and some photos as well as qualitative/quantitative descriptions was constructed.
2) Comparative studies :
(a) The comparative studies suggested that the collection included the wide range of stone implements from Middle-Upper Paleolithic, late Neolithic, Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age. Hence the al-Jafr basin turned out to be a promising candidate to fill the spatial hiatus between the Azraq basin and the Negev-Sinai regions -an obstacle to comparative studies of the inland Levantine prehistory.
(b) Al-Jafr No.9503, the most interesting site among the spots of the collection, included not only tabular scrapers but also their cores and debitage. Hence the site turned out to be the first-confirmed mega-factory site of tabular scrapers, belonging to the late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age. Given this, the site provides a clue to exploring the dynamism between early nomads and urban society of the southern Levant from the late half of the 4th millennium to the 3rd millennium. Further investigations are needed to研究課題/領域番号:08610403, 研究期間(年度):1996 – 1997出典：「アル・ジャフル盆地表採資料の分析とレヴァント地方内陸部新石器文化の比較研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号08610403
(KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）)
本文データは著者版報告書より作成金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系research repor
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Beyond the Fertile Crescent: Tracing the Formation Process of the Nomadic Near East
Full text link本研究では、ヨルダン南部ジャフル盆地とサウジアラビア北西部タブーク・ジョウフ高原の二つの調査フィールドで、計20回の先史遊牧民遺跡調査を実施した。その結果、１）定住域の母村から周辺乾燥域の季節的移牧が派生する過程、２）母村との往復をベースとする短距離移牧から、より遊動性の高い初期遊牧への移行過程、３）小規模集団で構成された初期遊牧社会から、大型墓域を形成する部族制遊牧社会への変質過程を、捉えることができた。また、この三つの過程を明らかにしたことによって、これまで曖昧な形でしか理解できていなかった西アジア中核乾燥域における遊牧化の経緯を包括的かつ具体的に見通すことが可能になった。This five-year research project conducted a total of twenty surveys and excavations in the al-Jafr Basin (south Jordan) and the Tabuk/Jawf Plateau (NW Saudi Arabia). The investigations have shed new light on the following three key issues: 1) the deviation process of seasonal pastoral transhumance from parent settlements in the sedentary cultural sphere; 2) the transition process from village-based, short-range pastoral transhumance in a marginal zone to high-mobility pastoral nomadism in a remote dry land; and 3) the formation process of full-fledged, tribalism-based nomadic society subsequent to incipient, small-scale pastoral nomadism. The series of new perspectives has enabled us to sequentially trace the overall picture of the pastoral nomadization in the dry heartland of the Near East thus far poorly understood.研究課題/領域番号:25220402, 研究期間(年度):2013-05-31 – 2018-03-31出典：研究課題「「肥沃な三日月弧」の外側: 遊牧西アジアの形成史に関する先史考古学的研究」課題番号25220402
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25220402/25220402seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系research repor
Pseudo-house and Pseudo-wall: A Unique Funerary Practice of the Early Pastoral Nomads in the Near East
Full text link西アジア内陸部のステップ・砂漠地帯には、ケルン墓と(居住の痕跡を全く伴わない)、矩形住居とが一体となり、これが数十単位分、横方向に連結した不思議な集落遺跡が点在している。それは砂漠の中に忽然と表れた集落のように見えるが、実は、初期遊牧民に固有の葬制、すなわち擬集落墓と考えられる。これが、代表者の提唱する「擬集落仮説(Pseudo-settlement Hypothesis)」である。本研究の目的は、1)この擬集落仮説の妥当性を検証するとともに、2)擬集落の形成から解体までの過程を追跡し、2)これを基に、西アジア初期遊牧文化の起源・系譜問題に迫ること、にある。そのために選択したフィールドが、ヨルダン南部のジャフル盆地である。
計画初年次・2年次に実施したカア・アブ・トレイハ西遺跡の発掘調査、および最終年次に実施したジャフル盆地北西部での広域調査の結果、1)ジャフル盆地初期遊牧民の墓制には、(定農定牧時代における壁際廃屋葬の遺制としての)「擬住居」「擬壁」が伴っており、2)それが一方では後期新石器時代の擬集落となって、3)他方では前期青銅器時代前半の線状擬壁ケルン墓(K-ライン)や、4)同後半の環状擬壁ケルン墓群となって、それぞれ表出していることが明らかになった。また、これらのことから、西アジアの初期遊牧文化が、(擬集落の祖型である壁際廃屋葬を営んでいた)定農定牧民に起源することが判明した。
凝集落仮説を機軸にした墓制研究によって、現在やや手詰まりの状態にある西アジア初期遊牧文化の起源問題に有力な解答を与えることができたことが、本研究の最大の成果である。The purpose of this research project was to explore the origin and development of the early pastoral nomadism in the Near East in light of the pseudo-settlement hypothesis, a likely explanation for the formation process of enigmatic settlement sites in southern Levant that lack any clear evidence for practical habitation. Chosen for this purpose was the al-Jafr basin in southern Jordan.
The excavations at Qa 'Abu Tulayha West in 2001-2002 and a series of investigations in the northwestern part of the al-Jafr basin in 2003 revealed that burial installations of early pastoral nomads in this basin from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age always contain a pseudo-house or its deteriorated form, pusedo-wall as annexed facilities. They also confirmed that : 1)pseudo-house cairns, which characterize the burial customs in the Late Neolithic, changed into pseudo-wall cairns in the Chalcolithic, which in turn were transformed into K-lines(i.e., a linear combination of pseudo-wall burial cairns) and pseudo-wall burial enclosures in the Early Bronze Age ; 2) this unique burial practice derived probably from the under-floor or, more precisely, under-facade burials that were popular among PPNB agro-pastoral populations to the west.
This line of evidence highlights that the early pastoral nomadism in the southern Levant was established through the spread of sedentary, agro-pastoralists towards the steppe and desert, not through the import of domesticated sheep and goat by hunter-gatherers who were wandering in the arid peripheries.研究課題/領域番号:13571037, 研究期間(年度):2001 – 2003出典：「西アジア初期遊牧民の墓制に伴う「擬住居」「擬壁」の研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号13571037
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
本文データは著者版報告書より作成金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系research repor
Comparative Studies on Burial Practice of Ancient Semitic Pastoral Nomads.
Full text link本研究計画の最大の成果は、1)西アジア=セム化の第一波となったマルトゥ・アムッルの墓域を、その原郷と言われてきたビシュリ山系で初めて特定したこと、2)墓域造営単位の通時的組成分解を通して、遊牧民社会に固有の分節的社会構造の成立過程を明らかにしたこと、である。これによって、セム系部族社会の歴史的・構造的源泉であった青銅器時代遊牧民の社会動態を具体的に復元する手がかりが得られた。The primary results of our research project on the northwestern flank of Mt. Bishri include: 1) to have specified archaeological footprints of pastoral Mar-tu/Amurru who triggered the Semitization of the ancient Near East; and 2) to have traced the formation process of their multi-layered social structure through the diachronic composition analysis of their cemetery. These findings have contributed to reconstructing the social dynamics of Bronze Age pastoral nomads who served as a historical and structural source of ancient Semitic tribal communities.研究課題/領域番号:17063004, 研究期間(年度):2005 – 2009出典：研究課題「セム系遊牧部族の墓制に関する比較研究」課題番号17063004
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17063004/17063004seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系research repor
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