1,723,252 research outputs found
Design for manufacture and sustainability in new product development
No full textDesign for manufacture is well recognised by industry and is about optimising design to aid production. Today there is a significant and growing trend of recognising what happens to a product once its user phase has finished. Post-consumer processes are now an important consideration during the ab-initio stages of design. Rather than a focus limited to design for manufacture or (more recently) design for assembly now the pressure is on for post consumer design. Companies need to do this because legislative pressures are increasing and consumers are becoming ever more aware of, and concerned about, environmental issues. End-of-life processing and design for the environment are therefore areas of growing of interest. This conference paper investigates with industry practitioners their experiences regarding for both the environmental and economic advantages of product life-cycle planning. Legislative pressures and consumer awareness are driving businesses to develop sustainable product design strategies (Jones et al, 2001 p. 27). Changes within the law, to protect our environment, cause companies to pay attention as they begin to affect profitability. The first British Standard to address design for end-of-life processing, and therefore support industry, is BS 8887-1. Over 60 UK manufacturing and design companies that had bought BS 8887-1 contributed to this by being interviewed or providing a written response. The research investigated multiple aspects of sustainable design in practice however, in this conference paper the focus is its application within the design process
Standards in sustainable engineering and design
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The financial and environmental costs associated with the manufacture and consumption of products may be reduced through design for efficient production, service life extension and post-consumer value recovery. In response to today’s need to design with consideration for the whole product life cycle, British Standards Institution (BSI) published BS 8887-1 (2006) Design for Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly and End-of-life processing (MADE). Original research into the distribution and use of this first part of the MADE series is reported in this thesis.
The organizations that accessed BS 8887-1 were categorised using their Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code. The results are presented graphically in multilevel charts using the hierarchical structure of the SIC system. The study found that the majority of standards users that purchased or downloaded BS 8887-1 were companies in the manufacturing sector and particularly electronics producers. Educational institutions also showed high levels of interest in the standard.
For the first time, the use of BS 8887-1 in practice has been investigated. The purpose was to discover if, why and how it is being used and to identify examples of its application in design practice. This was accomplished through semi-structured interviews with design practitioners from both industry and academia, thus helping to explain the results of the earlier SIC study. The information gathered through the interviews shows how BS 8887-1 has informed the design process and how it has been used in combination with various design and management techniques e.g. Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP). These studies suggest that demand for the standard has been stimulated by the introduction of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) legislation, especially the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive. Importantly, the use of BS 8887-1 has been found to be helpful in winning new business and reducing the costs associated with manufacture, product maintenance and waste management. Based on the result of the qualitative research, a new model of the use of standards in the New Product Development (NPD) process is presented. The research was proposed by the Chairman of the BSI technical committee responsible for the BS 8887 series. The beneficiaries are BSI, industry and academia, since the investigation has shown BS 8887-1 to be of value, and has informed the continuing development of this series of standards. The thesis concludes by arguing for BS 8887 to become the basis of an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard in order to reach a wider audience. It also identifies a need for the standard’s design requirements to be supported with additional supplementary interpretation expanding on, and adding detail to, the information in the standard itself. Influenced by this research, at the time of writing a new BSI working group was being formed to consider developing BS 8887 as an ISO standard. BSI had also begun the process of commissioning a handbook to assist designers in the practical application of BS 8887 in industrial design
La norma UNI 8887:2014 – Unità di cogenerazione e indici caratteristici
No full textA febbraio 2014 è entrata in vigore la norma UNI 8887:2014 – “Unità di cogenerazione e indici caratteristici”, che sostituisce la norma UNI 8887:1987 – “Sistemi per processi di cogenerazione. Definizioni e classificazione”.
La nuova norma, elaborata dal GL405 – “Cogenerazione e poligenerazione” facente parte del SC04 – “Sistemi e macchine per la produzione di energia” del Comitato Termotecnico Italiano, aggiorna la precedente e introduce delle interessanti novità
Linked collectors and determiners for: Colección de Plantas Vasculares del Herbario de Botánica Aplicada UTCEC de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi.
No full textNatural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Colección de Plantas Vasculares del Herbario de Botánica Aplicada UTCEC de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/abc38fc1-b9fe-4675-8887-2c4f4e2a5d35">https://bionomia.net/dataset/abc38fc1-b9fe-4675-8887-2c4f4e2a5d35</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/abc38fc1-b9fe-4675-8887-2c4f4e2a5d35">https://gbif.org/dataset/abc38fc1-b9fe-4675-8887-2c4f4e2a5d35</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package
La norma UNI 8887:2014 Unità di Cogenerazione e indici caratteristici
No full textA febbraio 2014 è entrata in vigore la norma UNI 8887:2014 – “Unità di cogenerazione e indici caratteristici”, che sostituisce la norma UNI 8887:1987 – “Sistemi per processi di cogenerazione. Definizioni e classificazione”. La nuova norma, elaborata dal GL405 – “Cogenerazione e poligenerazione” facente parte del SC04 – “Sistemi e macchine per la produzione di energia” del Comitato Termotecnico Italiano, aggiorna la precedente e introduce delle interessanti novità
From risk management to ERM
Full text linkAt one point in time, there was self-insurance. Then came risk management. Now comes the era of enterprise risk management(ERM). Traditional risk management will always be necessary, but ERM will complement existing risk activities by extending the field to cover all core risks as well as emerging and strategic opportunities, because without taking risks, organisations gain no value. This paper will present the main elements of an ERM framework and characteristics of different types of ERM.ERM, CRO, risk management, risk designation, risk framework, risk system, risk culture, governance, risk intelligence, risk capital, GIR
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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