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“SELF TAPPING” VE SELF DRILLING” VİDA SİSTEMLERİNİN BİYOMEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TAVSANDA FARKLI YÜZ KEMİKLERİNDE KARSILASTIRILMASI
No full textMaksillofasiyal travma ve ortognatik cerrahi için, plak ve vida sistemleri ile açık
redüksiyon ve internal fiksasyon günümüzde en sık tercih edilen yöntemdir. Ancak
kullanılacak sistemlerle ilgili kesin endikasyonlar belirlenmemistir. Bu çalısmanın amacı “self
drilling” ve “self tapping” vidaların tavsanların farklı yüz kemiklerinde biyomekanik
özelliklerini karsılastırmaktır.
Çalısmada agırlıkları 2800-3000 gr olan, 16 adet, erkek Yeni Zelanda tavsanı
kullanıldı. Tüm deneklerde sol tarafa “self drilling”, sag tarafa “self tapping” vida uygulandı.
ki mm çaplı 7mm uzunlukta vidalar mandibulaya bikortikal olarak; 2mm çaplı 5mm
uzunlukta vidalar mandibulaya monokortikal olarak, maksillaya ve orbita alt kenarına
yerlestirildi. Deneklerden 8 tanesi hemen sakrifiye edildi, kalan diger 8 tanesi ise 6 hafta
iyilesme periyodu sonunda sakrifiye edildi. Vidaları kıyaslamak için giris tork kuvvetleri ve
aksiyel çekme testleri uygulandı. Her vida için kortikal kemik kalınlıgı ölçümü yapıldı.
statistiksel çalısma için bagımlı t testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. Kortikal
kalınlık ortalamaları mandibula angulusta 630,74μm, mandibula ön kısmında 445,00μm,
maksillada 275,05μm ve orbitada 335,25μm olarak bulundu. Hem 0. hafta hem altı hafta
iyilesme süreci olan gruplarda tüm bölgeler için “self drilling” vidaların aksiyel çekme
kuvvetleri “self tapping” vidalara göre daha yüksek bulundu. Ancak bu fark istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı degildi. Tüm bölgelerde “Self drilling” vidaların giris tork kuvvetleri “self
tapping” vidalara göre daha yüksek bulundu. Mandibula bikortikal (p<0,001), mandibula
monokortikal (p=0,002) ve orbitada (p=0,008) bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ancak
maksilla (p=0,021) için anlamsız bulundu. Kemik iyilesmesinin etkisini arastırmak için 0.
hafta ile 6. hafta denekler kıyaslandı. “Self drilling” vidalar için 6. hafta grubunda her bölgede
çekme kuvvetleri fazla bulunsa da fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı degildi. “Self tapping”
vidalar için maksillada 6. hafta çekme kuvvetleri azalmıs diger bölgelerde artmıs bulunsa da
bu farklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı degildi. Sıfırıncı hafta grubunda hem “self tapping” hem
“self drilling” vidalar için mandibulada bikortikal yerlestirilenlerin çekme kuvvetleri
monokortikal yerlestirilene göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olacak sekilde fazla bulundu.
Altıncı hafta grubunda hem “self tapping” hem “self drilling” vidalar için mandibulada
bikortikal yerlestirilenlerin çekme kuvvetleri monokortikal yerlestirilene göre fazla bulunsa da
fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı degildi. Tüm vidalar için bikortikal yerlestirilenlerin giris tork
kuvvetleri monokortikal yerlestirilene göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olacak sekilde fazla
bulundu. Tüm vidalar için kortikal kemik kalınlıgı ile hem çekme hem de giris tork kuvvetleri
arasında dogrusal iliski oldugu gösterildi.
Sonuç olarak “self drilling” vidalar, termal hasar olusturmaması, ameliyat süresini
kısaltması, yeterli tutunma kuvveti saglaması ve ince kemiklerde yerlestirme kolaylıgı
nedeniyle, maksilla ve orbita gibi ince yüz kemiklerinde avantajlı olabilirler.Nowadays, open reduction and internal fixation with plaque and screw systems is the
most preferred system for maxillofacial traumatology and orthognathic surgery. Absolute
indications about used systems are not mentioned. Purpose of this study is to compare
biomechanic properties of “self drilling” and “self tapping” screws on rabbits different face
bones.
Sixteen New Zealand male weighting between 2800-3000 grams were used in this study. On
all test subjects for the left side “self drilling” and for the right side “self tapping” screws are
applied. Two mm diameter, 7 mm length screws were placed mandible bicortically, 2 mm
diameter, 5 mm length screws were placed mandible monocortically, maxilla and orbita lower
rim. 8 of the rabbits are sacrificed instantly and the rest 8 rabbits are sacrificed after the 6
week recovery period. To compare the screws initial torque forces and axial pull-out tests are
applied. Cortical bone thickness measurements are done for each screw. Dependent sample t
test and Pearson correlation analysis are used for the statistical study. Cortical thickness
means are found as 630,74μm on mandible angle, 445,00μm on mandible front part,
275,05μm on maxilla and 335,25μm on orbita lower rim. For all areas in both 0. week and 6.
week recovery period groups axial pull-out forces of “self drilling” screws are found higher
than “self tapping” screws. But this difference was not statistically significant .On all areas
initial torque forces of self drilling screws are found higher than self tapping screws. This
difference was statistically significant for mandible bicortically (p<0,001), mandible
monocortically (p=0,002), and orbita lower rim (p=0,008) but wasn’t for maxilla (p=0,021).
0. week and 6. week test subjects are compared for investigating bone recovery effect. For
“self drilling” screws in 6. week group on all areas pull-out forces are found higher but the
difference was not statistically significant. For self tapping screws 6. week pull-out forces are
found decreased on maxilla and increased on the other areas but the difference was not
statistically significant. In 0. week group for both “self tapping” and “self drilling” screws
pull-out forces of the screws that are placed on mandible bicortically are found higher than the
monocortically placed screws and this difference was statistically significant. In 6. week
group for both self tapping and self drilling screws pull-out forces of the screws that are
placed on mandible bicortically are found higher than the monocortically placed screws but
this difference was not statistically significant. For all screws initial torque forces of
bicortically placed screws are found higher than the monocortically placed screws and this
difference was statistically significant. For all screws a linear relationship between cortical
bone thickness and both pull-out and initial torque forces was found.
As a result, it may be advantageous to use self drilling screws on thin face bones like
maxilla and orbita as they don’t form thermal damage, decrease the surgery time, provide
enough holding force and are easy to be placed on thin bones
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
MANFAAT RUBRIK “TOPIK UTAMA” PADA MAJALAH INTERNAL “BINA” DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI KEHUTANAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KEPADA KARYAWAN PERUM PERHUTANI KPH INDRAMAYU UNIT III
No full textTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya tarik isi, teknik penyajian, kejelasan isi pesan, kebutuhan informasi tugas, informasi pemeliharaan, informasi kemanusiaan, informasi pembaruan rubrik ”Topik utama” pada majalah ”Bina” dalam memenuhi kebutuhan informasi kehutanan dan lingkungan kepada karyawan Perum Perhutani KPH Indramayu adapun metode yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah metode deskriptif yang bertujuan menggambarkan sejauhmana manfaat rubrik Topik Utama” pada majalah Bina. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah melalui wawancara, angket, dan studi pustaka sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel ialah secara random bertingkat proporsional (stratified random sampling), dengan populasi sebesar 360 orang, maka diperoleh sampel sebanyak 78 orang.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa rubrik “Topik Utama” pada majalah internal ”Bina” telah cukup memenuhi kebutuhan informasi kehutanan dan lingkungan bagi karyawan Perum Perhutani KPH Indramayu Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten. Hal ini terbukti dari seluruh pertanyaan dalam bentuk kuisioner yang penulis bagikan kepada responden mengenai cara penulisan, gaya bahasa, tata letak, penggunaan huruf, tampilan foto, pemenuhan kebutuhan aspek-aspek informasi tugas, pemeliharaan, kemanusiaan, dan pembaharuan.
Penulis menarik kesimpulan bahwa Peranan rubrik “Topik Utama” pada majalah internal “Bina” Dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Informasi Kehutanan dan Lingkungan kepada Karyawan Perum Perhutani KPH Indramayu Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten dinilai telah cukup memenuhi.
Saran bagi Redaksi Majalah Bina, meningkatkan kemampuan staf untuk menyusun materi-materi yang ada pada majalah Bina, khususnya rubrik “Topik Utama” menjadi lebih baik dengan mengikuti kursus atau pelatihan jurnalistik
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The middle cardiac vein as a key ”posteroseptal” space - morphological point of view
No full textAbout 25% of accessory pathways (AP) run via “posteroseptal” space (PSS). There are three approaches for ablation of these pathways: from the right atrium, from the left atrium or from the ventricle and coronary sinus (CS). However in some cases AP is too far from all of them. Catheterisation of the middle cardiac vein (MCV) seems to be the only chance for successful ablation. Our aim was to evaluate the topography of the MCV in PSS.
Classical anatomical investigation was carried out on the autopsy material of 98 consecutive human hearts (42 F, 56 M; age 57 ± 21 yrs). It was supported by transverse section performed under coronary sinus. Regions just behind the atrioventricular septum and behind the cavities were respectively classified as “septal”, right (RP) and left posterior (LP). Between them right (RPS) and left posteroseptal areas (LPS) were present. At the posterior view of the heart the angle between CS and MCV ranged from 75 to 90° in 62% of hearts, 60-75° in 18%, 30-60° in 10% and 90-130° in 10%. In 16% MCV ran via the “septal” region, 59% - LPS, 10% - RPS, 10% - RP and 5% - LP. At the ostium of 58% MCV a valve was observed, however there was no trouble with insertion of the 6F catheter into it. We concluded that it is possible to insert the 6F catheter into MCV, which makes it possible to perform ablation of epicardial postero-inferior accessory pathways. The origin of MCV is usually located in the left “posteroseptal” region and runs towards the left side of the posterior wall
SAJIAN KOLOM TANYA JAWAB “STREET SCHOOL FORUM” DI LEMBARAN KHUSUS REMAJA “BELIA” HARIAN UMUM PIKIRAN RAKYAT
No full textTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sajian kolom tanya jawab “Street School Forum” di lembaran khusus remaja Belia Harian Umum Pikiran Rakyat berdasarkan konstruksi kategori yang telah ditentukan, yaitu topik permasalahan, organisasi pesan, dan tujuan menulis.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik analisis isi. Untuk melakukan analisis isi digunakan 4 metodologis sebagaimana yang dikemukakan oleh Guido H. Stempel, yaitu pemilihan satuan isi, konstruksi kategori, penarikan sampel dan reliabilitas koding. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kolom tanya jawab “Street School Forum” edisi bulan Desember 2005-bulan Juni 2006 sebanyak 16 edisi yang berisi 154 paragraf. Untuk pengambilan sampel digunakan rancangan total sampling yang berarti sampel diambil dari keseluruhan populasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa untuk topik permasalahan, youth business mendapatkan persentase sebanyak 37,5 %, diikuti musik 31,25 %, literacy movement 31,25 %, pictures dan street sport 0 %. Untuk penggunaan organisasi pesan, topikal lebih sering digunakan dengan persentase 37,5 % diikuti induktif 31,25 %, deduktif 18,75 %, kronologis 6,25 %, logis 6,25 %, dan spasial 0 %. Sedangkan untuk tujuan menulis, tujuan untuk mendidik sebanyak 62,5 %, menginformasikan 37,5 %, menghibur dan membujuk 0 %.
Kesimpulan, bahwa sajian kolom tanya jawab “Street School Forum” di lembaran khusus remaja “Belia” Harian Umum Pikiran Rakyat menunjukan topik permasalahan yang paling sering diangkat disetiap edisinya adalah mengenai youth business, urutan organisasi pesan yang lebih sering digunakan dalam penyampaian isi pesan adalah organisasi pesan topikal, dan tujuan menulis yang paling sering ditekankan adalah tujuan mendidik pembacanya.
Saran kepada Harian Umum Pikiran Rakyat agar memberi ruang yang lebih besar dan tidak terlalu sering memblok ruang kolom tanya jawab “Street School Forum” dengan iklan, dan kepada pengasuh kolom tanya jawab “Street School Forum” agar lebih memperluas cakupan bahasan
محضر رقم 8221 وقائع الاجتماع رقم 196 فوق العادة
No full textمحضر رقم 8221 وقائع الاجتماع رقم 196 فوق العاد
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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