1,723,408 research outputs found
NGC 7419 as a template for red supergiant clusters
No full textContext. The open cluster NGC 7419 is known to contain five red supergiants and a very high number of Be stars. However, there are conflicting reports about its age and distance that prevent a useful comparison with other clusters. Aims. We intend to obtain more accurate parameters for NGC 7419, using techniques different from those of previous authors, so that it may be used as a calibrator for more obscured clusters. Methods. We obtained Strömgren photometry of the open cluster NGC 7419, as well as classification spectroscopy of ~20 stars in the area. We then applied standard analysis and classification techniques. Results. We find a distance of 4 ± 0.4 kpc and an age of 14 ± 2 Myr for NGC 7419. The main-sequence turn-off is found at spectral type B1, in excellent agreement. We identify 179 B-type members, implying that there are more than 1200 M⊙ in B stars at present. Extrapolating this to lower masses indicates an initial cluster mass of between 7000 and 10 000 M⊙, depending on the shape of the initial mass function. We find a very high fraction (≈40%) of Be stars around the turn-off, but very few Be stars at lower masses. We also report for the first time a strong variability in the emission characteristics of Be stars. We verified that the parameters of the red supergiant members can be used to obtain accurate cluster parameters. Conclusions. NGC 7419 is sufficiently massive to serve as a testbed for theoretical predictions and as a template to compare more obscured clusters. The distribution of stars above the main-sequence turn-off is difficult to accommodate with current evolutionary tracks. Though the presence of five red supergiants is marginally consistent with theoretical expectations, the high number of Be stars and very low number of luminous evolved B stars hint at some unknown physical factor that is not considered in current synthesis models.This research is partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) under grants AYA2010-21697-C05-05 and CSD2006-70, and by the Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP/2012/134)
NGC 7419: An open cluster rich in Be stars
No full textThe results of our CCD photometric Hα observations of
NGC 7419 are presented. The observations resulted in a discovery
of 17 new Be stars and two other emission-line objects. In consequence,
the number of known Be stars in this young cluster increased more than
twofold and equals now to 31. This is at present the largest number of Be
stars known in any galactic open cluster. Moreover, we estimate that these
31 Be stars constitute 36 ± 7% of all cluster B-type stars brighter
than RC = 16.1 mag. This locates NGC 7419 among these open
clusters which are richest in Be stars such as galactic NGC 663,
NGC 330 in SMC, and NGC 1818 A in LMC.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
NGC 7419: a young open cluster with a number of very young intermediate mass pre-MS stars
No full textWe present a photometric and spectroscopic study of the young open cluster NGC 7419, which is known to host a large number of classical Be stars for reasons not well understood. Based on CCD photometric observations of 327 stars in UBV passbands, we estimated the cluster parameters as, reddening [E(B−V)]= 1.65 ± 0.15 mag and distance = 2900 ± 400 pc. The turn-off age of the cluster was estimated as 25 ± 5 Myr using isochrone fits. UBV data of the stars were combined with the JHK data from Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) and were used to create the near-infrared (NIR) (J−H) versus (H−K) colour–colour diagram. A large fraction of stars (42 per cent) was found to have NIR excess and their location in the diagram was used to identify them as intermediate mass pre-main-sequence (MS) stars. The isochrone fits to pre-MS stars in the optical colour–magnitude diagram showed that the turn-on age of the cluster is 0.3–3 Myr. This indicates that there has been a recent episode of star formation in the vicinity of the cluster. Slitless spectra were used to identify 27 stars which showed Hα in emission in the field of the cluster, of which six are new identifications. All these stars were found to show NIR excess and are located closer to the region populated by Herbig Ae/Be stars in the (J−H) versus (H−K) diagram. Slit spectra of 25 stars were obtained in the region 3700–9000 Å. The spectral features were found to be very similar to those of Herbig Be stars. These stars were found to be more reddened than the main-sequence stars by 0.4 mag, on an average. Thus, the emission-line stars found in this cluster are more similar to the Herbig Be-type stars where the circumstellar material is the remnant of the accretion disc. We conclude that the second episode of star formation has led to the formation of a large number of Herbig Be stars as well as intermediate mass pre-MS stars in the field of NGC 7419, thus explaining the presence of emission-line stars in this cluster. This could be one of the young open clusters with the largest number of Herbig Be stars
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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