1,720,959 research outputs found
Identification of key molecules that mediate exosome secretion by high-throughput shRNA screening
Get PDF様々な生命現象や疾患は、細胞が互いにコミュニケーションをとることで引き起こされる。これまで細胞間伝達物質としてホルモンやサイトカインが注目されていたが、近年エクソソームと呼ばれる100nm前後の小胞が注目されている。特に、免疫細胞や癌細胞は多くのエクソソームを放出しコミュニケーションをとっているが、その分子機構は十分に解明されていない。本研究では、エクソソームの産生と放出を制御する分子をスクリーニングし、モーター蛋白質ミオシンを同定した。ミオシンを変異させた細胞やマウスを用いて免疫におけるエクソソームの放出を解析し、炎症時に免疫細胞がエクソソームを介して炎症を制御していることを明らかにした。Cells constituting our body communicate with each other during various aspects of biological processes. The communications have been studied mainly through secretary molecules such as cytokines and hormones, but a novel mechanism of intercellular communication, mediated through exosomes, has recently received much attention as another communication mediator. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from various kinds of cells particularly immune cells and cancer cells, but their secretory of mechanism is still not well-elucidated. In this study, we screened molecules which is involved in exosome secretion, and then identified a motor protein myosin as the molecule. We studied about exosome secretion in cells or mice which had a mutation in myosin, and revealed that immune cells controlled inflammation by communication with each other via exosomes in microbial infection.研究課題/領域番号:25860047, 研究期間(年度):2013-04-01 - 2015-03-31出典：研究課題「高効率shRNAスクリーニング法によるエクソソームの産生と放出機構の解明」課題番号25860047
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25860047/25860047seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学新学術創成研究機構ナノ生命科学研究所 / 大阪大学research repor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
細菌感染におけるエクソソームの生理機能の解明
Get PDF本研究では、細菌感染における細胞が分泌するナノサイズの小胞エクソソームの機能解明を目的に研究を行った。炎症初期では好中球が大量のエクソソームを分泌し、多くはマクロファージに取込まれ、組織傷害を緩和することを明らかにした。さらにエクソソーム中の熱ショックタンパク質の一部にマクロファージで炎症シグナルを活性化する機能があることを明らかにした。がんにおける好中球エクソソームの有効性を検証し、エクソソームがマクロファージのがん細胞貪食能を亢進し、抗腫瘍効果を示すことを確認した。In this study, we had studied about functions of nano-sized vesicles including exosomes secreted from immune cells in bacterial infection. In the early stage of inflammation, we found that exosomes were secreted from neutrophils, were up taken by macrophages and decreased tissue injury. Furthermore, we revealed that some kinds of heat shock proteins in the exosomes have a function to induce inflammatory signals in macrophages. As a result from an anti-tumor study of the neutrophil exosomes, it was revealed that the exosomes enhance the phagocytosis activity of cancer cells in macrophages and caused the anti-tumor effect.研究課題/領域番号:17K15449, 研究期間(年度):2017-04-01 - 2019-03-31出典：研究課題「細菌感染におけるエクソソームの生理機能の解明」課題番号17K15449
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17K15449/17K15449seika/）を加工して作成research repor
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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