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    BAFFアンタゴニストによる強皮症モデルマウスの治療

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    強皮症のモデルマウスであるtight skin(TSK/+)マウスおけるBAFFの発現異常を解析し,BAFFシグナルをターゲットとした分子標的療法がTSK/+マウスの治療において有用であるかを検証した. まずTSK/+マウスにおける血清BAFF濃度をELISAにて測定ししたところ,野生型マウスと比べTSK/+マウスでは生後4週,8週と有意に血清BAFF濃度の上昇を認めた.次にBAFFのアンタゴニストであるBAFF-R-Igを新生児マウスの時点から腹腔内投与を開始し,8週齢の時点で解析した.野生型マウスと比べTSK/+マウスでは皮膚疎性結合織が増生しているが,BAFF阻害により,有意に減弱した.またBAFF阻害によりB細胞の分化成熟が阻害され、さらにTSK/+マウスで認められる,高γグロブリン血症および自己抗体の産生が抑制された.TSK/+マウスの皮膚では繊維化促進作用のあるTh2サイトカインが有意であることが知られている.マウス皮膚よりmRNAを抽出し,各サイトカインをreal time RT-PCRにて測定したところ,TSK/+マウスで発現亢進しているTh2サイトカインがBAFF阻害により減弱し,反対にTh1サイトカインが亢進した.B細胞のサイトカイン産生能に対するBAFFの作用を解析するため,脾臓由来B細胞をBAFFとBCRシグナルを誘導するSACの存在下にて培養し上清のサイトカインをELISAにて測定した.適切なBAFF刺激にてB細胞はIL-6とIL-10を産生することが示された.特に,野生型マウスと比べTSK/+マウスでは線維化を促進するサイトカインであるIL-6の産生が有意に亢進していた.BAFFを介したシグナルがTSK/+マウスの病態に関与しているおり,BAFFをターゲットとした分子標的薬が強皮症の治療にも有用である可能性が示唆された.研究課題/領域番号:18799003, 研究期間(年度):2006 – 2007出典:「BAFFアンタゴニストによる強皮症モデルマウスの治療」研究成果報告書 課題番号18799003 (KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所)) (https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18799003/)を加工して作成金沢大学附属病院research repor

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Analysis of PI3K signaling role in regulatory B cells

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    近年、免疫反応を抑制する作用を持つIL-10産生制御性B細胞が発見され、免疫疾患において非常に重要であることが明らかとなった。制御性B細胞の分化・増殖にはB細胞の表面マーカーであるCD19およびそのシグナル伝達(PI3Kシグナル)が重要であることが示唆されている。本研究では、PI3Kシグナルによる制御性B細胞の制御機構を解析した。本研究にてPI3Kの阻害剤が、用量依存性にIL-10産生を阻害しりことを明らかとした。さらにPI3K/AKTのinhibitorであるPTENのB細胞特異的欠損マウスを作成し、同マウスにてIL-10産生制御性B細胞が著増していることを確認した。B細胞特異的PTEN欠損マウスではContact hypersensitivity反応の著明な低下が認められた。以上より、IL-10産生制御性B細胞の制御機構において、PI3K/AKT経路が重要であることが明らかとなった。IL-10 producing regulatory B (Breg) cells negatively regulates autoimmune disease and inflammation, such as contact hypersensitivity (CHS). CD19 expression is critical for Breg cells development, since CD19 loss results in decreased number of Breg cell and increased reactivity of CHS. However, molecular mechanism of Breg cell development remains poorly understood. CD19 downstream signal is depend on the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)-AKT pathways, while phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) attenuates PI3K-AKT pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of PI3K-AKT pathway in the development of Breg cells. The effect of PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitors on Breg cell development was examined in vitro. B cell-specific PTEN deficient mice, which exhibit aberrant activation of PI3K-AKT pathway in B cell, were generated using Cre-loxp system. CHS severity in B cell-specific PTEN deficient mice was investigated. The current studies demonstrate that PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitors reduced Breg cells in vitro in dose-dependent manner. However, PTEN inhibitor had no effect on Breg cells. Breg cell number and frequency were significantly increased in various organs of B cell-specific PTEN deficient mice when compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, CHS response was significantly diminished in B cell-specific PTEN deficient mice when compared with wild-type mice. Thus, PI3K-AKTpathway positively regulates Breg cell development, while PTEN negatively regulates it. PI3K-AKT pathway in B cell is critical for Breg cell development and could be a potent therapeutical target.研究課題/領域番号:23791260, 研究期間(年度):2011-2012出典:研究課題「制御性B細胞におけるPI3Kシグナルによる制御機構の解析」課題番号23791260 (KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所)) (https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23791260/23791260seika/)を加工して作成金沢大学附属病院research repor

    The role of regulatory B cell in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis

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    Regulatory B細胞(制御性B細胞)はIL-10産生を介して免疫反応を抑制する。制御性B細胞を遺伝的に欠くCD19欠損マウスを使用し、強皮症のマウスモデルであるSclerodermatous GVHDマウス(以下、強皮症マウス)を誘導した。CD19欠損マウスは野生型マウスと比べより重症の強皮症マウスを発症した。強皮症マウスに制御性B細胞と他のB細胞をそれぞれ骨髄移植と同日に移植したところ、制御性B細胞を移植した群では強皮症マウスの改善効果が認められた。 また、強皮症患者では制御性B細胞が減少しており、病勢を反映していた。以上より制御性B細胞が強皮症の病態に抑制的に働く可能性が示唆された。Sclerodermatous cGVHD (Scl-cGVHD) is characterized by fibrosis and autoimmune features resembling those of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Transplantation of B10.D2 bone marrow and splenocytes into irradiated-BALB/c mice is an established model of human Scl-cGVHD. To examine the role of regulatory B cells (Breg cell) in Scl-cGVHD, CD19-deficient (CD19-/-; lack of Breg cell) mice were used as donors or recipients in this model. CD19-/- donors induced more severe Scl-cGVHD than wild-type donors. Adoptive transfer of Breg cells attenuated the augmented manifestations of CD19-/- donor-induced Scl-cGVHD. The frequency of blood Breg cells was significantly lower in patients with SSc, and Breg cell levels inversely correlated with disease activity of SSc. These results suggest that decreased Breg cells contribute to the development of SSc.研究課題/領域番号:25461686, 研究期間(年度):2013-04-01 - 2016-03-31出典:研究課題「全身性強皮症におけるregulatory B細胞の機能解析および新規治療法の開発」課題番号25461686 (KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所)) (https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25461686/25461686seika/)を加工して作成金沢大学附属病院research repor

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Development of a Novel Treatment for Scleroderma by Regulation of Cytokine-Producing B Cells

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    It is known that B cells are strongly involved in the pathogenesis of systemic scleroderma through autoantibody production. This research plan aims to develop a selective B cell inhibitory therapy that inhibits only effector B cells. B cells were extracted from mouse spleens and subjected to microarray analysis in three groups: anti-CD40 antibody stimulation, LPS stimulation alone, and LPS+anti-CD40 antibody stimulation. On the other hand, in the anti-CD40 antibody-stimulated group, in which IL-6 was low, gene expression of the A and B genes was low. These results suggest that the A gene may regulate IL-6 production.全身性強皮症の病態には自己抗体産生などによりB細胞が強く関与していることが知られている。本研究計画では、Effector B細胞のみを阻害する選択的B細胞阻害療法の開発を目指す。マウス脾臓からB細胞を抽出し、抗CD40抗体刺激、LPS単独刺激、LPS+抗CD40抗体刺激の3群でマイクロアレイ解析を行ったところ、IL-6が高発現するLPS+抗CD40抗体刺激群では、A遺伝子、B遺伝子の高発現がみられた。一方、IL-6が低発現である抗CD40抗体刺激群では、A遺伝子、B遺伝子の遺伝子発現が低かった。以上より、A遺伝子がIL-6産生を制御している可能性が示唆された。研究課題/領域番号:19K08768, 研究期間(年度):2019-04-01 - 2022-03-31出典:研究課題「サイトカイン産生B細胞の制御による強皮症の新規治療法の開発」課題番号19K08768 (KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所)) (https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19K08768/19K08768seika/)を加工して作成金沢大学附属病院皮膚科research repor

    Research of regulatory B cell role in seclerodermatous GVHD mouse

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    CD19欠損B10.D2マウスの骨髄および脾臓を放射線照射されたBALB/Cマウスに移入(ドナーが制御性B細胞を欠損)した結果は、コントロール群に較べより軽症のSclerodermatous GVHDを発症した。一方、B10.D2マウスの骨髄および脾臓を放射線照射されたCD19欠損BALB/Cマウスに移入(レシピエントが制御性B細胞を欠損)した結果は、コントロール群に較べより重症のSclerodermatous GVHDを発症した。これは、Sclerodermatous GVHDの過程において制御性B細胞が重要な役割を有し、ドノーとレシピエントで働きが違うことが示唆される。特に、制御性B細胞はホストの抑制作用において重要な役割を有していることが示唆された。CD19 knockout mouse lack regulatory B cell. Therefore, this mouse is good tool for investigating regulatory B cell. We transferred CD19 knockout B10. D2 bone marrow into Balb/c recipient mice. These mice developed mild sclerodermatous GVHD comparing wildtype mice. While CD19 knockout Balb/c recipient mice which were transferred B10. D2 bone marrow were developed more severe sclerodermatous GVHD than that of wild type mice. These results indicate regulatory B cell is more critical for recipient immune response.研究課題/領域番号:22890073, 研究期間(年度):2010出典:研究課題「Sclerodermatous GVHDマウスにおける制御性B細胞の役割」課題番号22890073 (KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所)) (https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22890073/22890073seika/)を加工して作成金沢大学附属病院research repor

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods
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