1,720,973 research outputs found
マウスを用いた抗CD20抗体療法におけるFcレセプターの役割の解明
Get PDFH19年度は、CD20抗体療法によるB細胞除去において、抑制性受容体であるFcγRIIBが果たす役割について検討した。
1)FcγRIIBのB細胞除去における役割
FcγRIIB欠損マウスにおいて、IgG1、IgG2a/c、IgG2bクラスの抗CD20抗体は、野生型マウスと比べ末梢血、骨髄におけるB細胞除去能は変わらなかった。しかし、IgG1クラスの抗CD20抗体を高用量投与すると、脾臓でのB細胞除去能は亢進していた。さらに、いずれのクラスの抗体も末梢リンパ節におけるB細胞除去能は亢進していた。従って、FcγRIIBは抗CD20抗体によるB細胞除去において抑制的に働いていることが示唆された。
2)マクロファージ上のFcγRIIBとB細胞上のFcγRIIBの機能の相違
次に、マクロファージとB細胞に発現しているFcγRIIBのどちらがB細胞除去に抑制的に働いているか検討した。野生型マウスとFcγRIIB欠損マウスの脾臓からB細胞を単離し、CFSEで標識してレシピエントマウスに移入し、IgG2a/cクラスの抗CD20抗体を投与したところ、FcγRIIB欠損マウス由来B細胞は、野生型マウス由来B細胞より除去されにくかった。従って、FcγRIIB欠損マウスでB細胞除去能が亢進していたのは、マクロファージ上のFcγRIIBが欠損することにより抗体依存性組織障害機構が亢進したことによるものと考えられた。
これらの結果は、抗CD20抗体療法の奏功率を改善させる際に、B細胞上のFcγRIIBではなくマクロファージ上のFcγRIIB発現を低下させた方がよい可能性を示しており、臨床に応用する上でも重要な知見と考えられる。研究課題/領域番号:18790778, 研究期間(年度):2006 – 2007出典：「マウスを用いた抗CD20抗体療法におけるFcレセプターの役割の解明」研究成果報告書 課題番号18790778
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18790778/)を加工して作成金沢大学附属病院research repor
The effect of B cell depletion on humoral responses during anit-CD20 mAb immunotherapy
Get PDFCD20抗体を用いたB細胞除去療法が液性免疫に及ぼす影響については不明な点が多いため、マウスを用いた実験系で検討した。抗CD20抗体によるB細胞除去は抗体のクラススイッチを阻害し記憶B細胞を除去したが、血清中の免疫グロブリン値や抗原特異的抗体価、骨髄中の形質細胞数は変わらなかった。以上の結果から、CD20抗体療法は成熟B細胞や記憶B細胞を除去するものの既存の抗体価に影響を与えないことが明らかになった。The full effects of B cell depletion on humoral immunity are largely unknown. To address this issue, mature B cells were depleted in mice using CD20 mAb. CD20^+ B cell depletion prevented humoral immune responses and class switching, and depleted B cell memory. Nonetheless, B cell depletion did not affect serum Ig levels, Ag-specific antibody titers, or bone marrow antibody-secreting plasma cell numbers. Thus, depleting mature and memory B cells does not have a dramatic negative effect on pre-existing antibody levels.出典：研究課題「CD20抗体によるB細胞除去療法が免疫応答に及ぼす影響についての検討」課題番号20790790
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20790790/20790790seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系research repor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A role of CD22 and CD72 in the immune responses
Get PDF本研究では、CD22とCD72を同時に欠損させたマウス（CD22-/-/CD72-/-マウス）を作成し、CD22とCD72の役割について検討した。CD22-/-/CD72-/-マウスでは野生型マウスに比べ末梢血液中における成熟B細胞の数が有意に減少していた。B細胞のturnover 、血清免疫グロブリン濃度、T細胞依存あるいは非依存抗原に対する免疫応答は、それぞれの単独欠損マウスでみられる異常を越えるものではなかった。また、CD22-/-/CD72-/-マウスでは野生型マウスに比べ自己免疫疾患を発症しやすいことはなかった。以上より、CD22とCD72は独立してB細胞を制御していると考えられた。In this study, we addressed whether CD22 and CD72 have redundant functions using CD22 and CD72 double-deficient (CD22-/-/CD72-/-) mice. CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice showed significantly decreased number of peripheral B cells compared to wild type mice. Turnover of B cells in CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice was significantly augmented than in wild type mice, but significantly reduced compared to CD22-/- mice. CD22-/- mice showed significantly increased serum IgM levels compared to wild type mice, but CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice did not. IgM responses against DNP-Ficoll were significantly decreased in CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice compared to wild type mice. In pristane-induced murine lupus model, both the incidence of ANAs and urine protein levels were similar between wild type and CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice. These results showed that abnormalities observed in CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice did not exceed the degree of those seen in each-deficient mice. Therefore, we concluded that CD22 and CD72 independently regulated B cell function.研究課題/領域番号:24591645 , 研究期間(年度):2012-04-01 - 2015-03-31出典：研究課題「皮膚免疫疾患におけるＢ細胞抑制性受容体 CD22/72 の制御機構」課題番号24591645
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-24591645/24591645seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系research repor
The role of regulatory B cells in lung fibrosis model
Get PDF肺線維化におけるB細胞の役割は明らかではない。抗CD20抗体を事前に投与してB細胞を除去したマウスにブレオマイシンを投与したところ、コントロール抗体を投与したマウスに比べ肺線維化は増悪した。遺伝的にB細胞を欠損したマウスにブレオマイシンを投与したところ野生型マウスに比べ肺線維化は増悪したが、事前に野生型マウスの制御性B細胞を移入したところ肺線維化は野生型マウスと同程度まで軽減した。以上より、肺線維化の発症期においてB細胞は抑制的に働いていることが示唆された。Pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. B cell depletion before the induction of lung fibrosis substantially exacerbated disease symptoms. Similarly, pulmonary fibrosis was also significantly worse in genetically B cell-deficient. MT mice when compared with wild type mice. The adoptive transfer of wild type regulatory B cells into. MT mice before disease initiation significantly reduced pulmonary pathology in. MT mice. By contrast, B cell depletion during the inflammatory phase of pathology dramatically suppressed disease symptoms. Thus, B cells have important regulatory and pathogenic roles during the development of lung fibrosis.研究課題/領域番号:22791061, 研究期間(年度):2010-2011出典：研究課題「肺線維化における制御性B細胞の役割の検討」課題番号22791061
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22791061/22791061seika/）を加工して作成research repor
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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