1,724,147 research outputs found
Engine #5807 pulling passenger train, Field
No full textSteam engine #5807 pulling a G-1 or G-2 passenger train at Field, B.C
Abstract 5807: Disseminated tumor cell clearance by the immune system
No full textAbstract
The classical model of metastasis suggests that the tumor cell dissemination occurs late in tumor development, however accumulating evidence coming from mouse studies and clinical data provide striking evidence that tumor cells start to disseminate during the initial steps of tumor development. However, the dissemination from the primary area does not always result in metastasis. Due to the non-permissive nature of microenvironment in distant sites, these early disseminated tumor cells might be cleared or maintained in a non-proliferative/dormant state. The mechanism by which some early disseminated tumor cells colonize and generate metastatic growth while some remain dormant is not well known. In order to understand the underlying factors that may contribute to the metastatic growth, we performed time course experiments by utilizing murine mammary tumors (4T1 as metastatic and EMT6 as less metastatic) in a syngeneic mouse model. Luciferase expressing 4T1 or EMT6 tumor cells were orthotopically implanted into the fat pads and tumor cell dissemination was analyzed over 3-week time points. We determined that both 4T1 and EMT tumors disseminated as early as one to two-week post implantation, however only 4T1 tumor develop metastasis in distant organs. Moreover, we also resected primary tumors 1, 2 and 3-week post implantation of EMT6-Luci or 4T1-Luci tumors and observed distant metastasis via optical imaging of luciferase expression in live animals. Although the majority of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (>80%) develop pulmonary metastasis when 4T1 tumors resected 2 and 3 weeks post-implantation only 10% of mice develop metastasis when primary tumor resected one-week post implantation. In contrast, EMT6 tumors following resection only relapsed in the primary tumor site but failed to develop metastasis. Furthermore, EMT6 tumor-bearing mice efficiently cleared tail vein injected EMT6-luci cells in the lungs. We investigated the possible mechanism by which EMT6 tumor-bearing mice clears disseminated tumor cells in the lung. We provide evidence that pulmonary infiltrated mMDSCs mediate tumor cell killing via secretion of high levels of cytotoxic granules, granzyme A, granzyme B, perforin. This was confirmed by mouse transcriptome and qPCR analyses as well as biochemistry using in vivo samples and in vitro co-culture samples. Our studies provide a new paradigm in the understanding of the fate of disseminated tumor cells in secondary organs and the role of the immune system in this process.
Citation Format: Raziye Piranlioglu, Eun Mi Lee, Maria Ouzunova, Ali S. Arbab, Paulo C. Rodriguez, Asm L. Iskander, Hasan Korkaya. Disseminated tumor cell clearance by the immune system [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5807. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5807</jats:p
ART regimen (at ART initiation) (N = 5807), N(%).
No full textART regimen (at ART initiation) (N = 5807), N(%).</p
Linked collectors and determiners for: artsprosjektet_53-12_enchytraeidae.
No full textNatural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "artsprosjektet_53-12_enchytraeidae". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/a01f491f-5807-4044-9613-04d1c8c7c5f4">https://bionomia.net/dataset/a01f491f-5807-4044-9613-04d1c8c7c5f4</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/a01f491f-5807-4044-9613-04d1c8c7c5f4">https://gbif.org/dataset/a01f491f-5807-4044-9613-04d1c8c7c5f4</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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