1,720,980 research outputs found
Mechanisms of brain formation regulated by birth
Full text link胎生期および出生直後のマウスの大脳皮質を単離しマイクロアレイ解析を行った。候補遺伝子リストの中から転写因子に焦点を絞り機能解析を行った。子宮内電気穿孔法を用いた遺伝子過剰発現実験、shRNAやノックアウトマウスを用いた遺伝子機能阻害実験を行った結果、樹状突起の形態成熟を負に制御する転写因子の同定に成功した。この遺伝子の発現を抑制すると樹状突起の成熟が促進されるだけではなく、神経細胞の移動が障害されることを見いだした。この結果は、神経細胞が適切なタイミングで生じることが重要であることを示唆している。Using the cerebral cortex of embryonic and neonatal mice, microarray experiments were performed to identify the molecules whose expression levels changed before and after birth. Using in utero electroporation, loss- and gain-of-function studies were carried out, and we identified molecules that negatively regulated dendritic maturation. Furthermore, we found that the migration of immature neurons was also affected, suggesting that dendritic maturation should occur appropriate time point during development. Our results uncovered a novel regulatory mechanisms of neuronal maturation soon after birth.研究課題/領域番号:25640032, 研究期間(年度):2013-04-01 – 2015-03-31出典：研究課題「出生により制御される遺伝子カスケードの解明」課題番号25640032
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25640032/25640032seika/)を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系research repor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
脳神経系の形成と発達を制御する脳内環境の解明
Full text link脳神経系の形成・発達を制御する遺伝要因と環境要因の解明は、脳神経医学の最重要課題の一つである。受精から始まる哺乳類の一生において最大の環境変化は「出生」といえるが、出生前後の脳神経系の変化には不明な点が多い。最近我々は、マウス大脳皮質での感覚地図形成が、新生仔の出生により制御されていることを見いだした。またこれまでに、出生が神経回路形成のみならず哺乳行動の発達も制御していることを見いだした。そこで本研究課題では、出生直後に生じる大脳皮質の成熟機構の解明を行った結果、大脳皮質の樹状突起の発達を制御する新たなメカニズムを見いだした。本研究の成果は、基礎神経科学のみならず臨床脳医学的な波及効果も大きい。研究課題/領域番号:26111708, 研究期間(年度):2014-04-01 – 2016-03-31出典：研究課題「脳神経系の形成と発達を制御する脳内環境の解明」課題番号26111708
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PUBLICLY-26111708/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系research repor
高等哺乳動物を用いた脳神経系形成メカニズムの解明
Full text link大脳の表面にはシワ（脳回）が存在する。脳回は高次脳機能の獲得に重要だと考えられているが、その形成原理の解明は遅れている。本研究ではフェレットを用いて、脳回の形成機構の解析を行った。その結果、FGFシグナルが脳回形成に必須であることを見いだした。FGFは神経前駆細胞の分裂を促進して脳回形成を促進することが示唆された。脳回形成に重要となる細胞生物学的プロセスを検討し、大脳皮質表層への細胞の移動が重要であることを見出した。さらにsonic hedgehogシグナルがoRG神経前駆細胞を未分化状態に維持することにより前駆細胞数を増加させ、脳回形成を促進することを見いだした。The cerebrum of higher mammals exhibits folds (i.e. gyrus and sulcus) on its surface. The gyrus is thought to be important for the acquisition of higher brain functions, but the mechanisms of its formation still remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms of gyrus formation using gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets. We found that FGF signaling is essential for gyrus formation. Our findings suggest that FGF promotes the division of neural progenitors and gyrus formation. We investigated the cell biological processes that are important for gyrus formation and found that migration of neurons into the surface layers of the cerebral cortex is important. Furthermore, we found that sonic hedgehog signaling increases the number of progenitors by maintaining their immature state and as a result, promotes gyrus formation.研究課題/領域番号:17H03541, 研究期間(年度):2017-04-01 - 2020-03-31出典：「高等哺乳動物を用いた脳神経系形成メカニズムの解明」研究成果報告書 課題番号17H03541
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17H03541/17H03541seika/）を加工して作成research repor
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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