92 research outputs found
Resistencia sonora: el patois en el reggae dancehall jamaiquino
No full textEl presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar aspectos del reggae dancehall, como género musical en el que las formas de producción y difusión poseen aspectos propios del mercado musical tanto como acciones simbólicas de resistencia cultural definidas a partir de la intercambiabilidad del riddim y del uso del patois en la poesía. En el transcurso de lo estudiado se relevaron definiciones del reggae dancehall y se interrrelacionaron con declaraciones de músicos DJ´s. Asimismo, se analizaron algunos rasgos sonoros, característicos del género en relación con particularidades sonoras y sociales del patois, la lengua que se utiliza para cantar el dancehall. En torno al patois, a la función social y a la simbólica que este puede representar en relación con el contexto socio-histórico del país se analizaron músicas específicas como materiales bibliográficos de orden musicológico. Se estudia el uso del patois como elemento de identificación del reggae dancehall en contraposición a otros géneros de Jamaica que han “migrado” a un inglés más neutro. Este hecho podría colaborar en la resignificación del dancehall convirtiéndolo en un espacio para la reivindicación, búsqueda y validación de la identidad de un sector grande de la población urbana de Jamaica.Facultad de Bellas Arte
Journées « Patois »
No full textThese encounters between speakers of many regional languages have been initiated by Ms. Marcelle Bernard Brunel, spouse of René Péry, as an extension of research work on the patois (dialects) of Valbonnais and neighbouring areas.Estos encuentros entre los hablantes de muchas lenguas regionales se han iniciado por la Sra. Marcelle Bernard Brunel, esposa de René Pery, como una extensión del trabajo de investigación sobre el patois (dialectos) de Valbonnais y zonas aledañas.Journées organisées à l'initiative de Mme Marcelle Bernard Brunel épouse René Péry, dans le prolongement de travaux de recherche sur les patois de Valbonnais et régions voisines
Patois du Valjouffrey
No full textA detailed lexical and morphological description of Valjouffrey vernacular language (patois) completed with recordings of 4 speakers. This comprises a 215-page memoir and approx. 10 hours of recordings of native speakers.Recordings have been collected in the 1970-1980s to document work under the direction of Prof. Gaston TUAILLON (Univ. Stendhal, Grenoble).Una descripción detallada léxica y morfológica de la lengua vernácula (patois) del Valjouffrey con las grabaciones de 4 hablantes. Esto incluye una memoria de 215 páginas y aprox. 10 horas de grabaciones de hablantes nativos.Grabaciones han sido recogidos en el 1970-1980 para documentar el trabajo bajo la dirección del Prof. Gastón TUAILLON (Universidad Stendhal de Grenoble).Description lexicale & morphologique du patois de Valjouffrey, sous la forme d'un mémoire de 215 pages intégralement enregistré (9 heures). Ce mémoire est accompagné de discussions et d'entretiens en patois enregistrés dans les années 1970-80.Mémoire de 2e année du 2e cycle « Lettres modernes » (1969-70) sous la direction du Prof. Gaston TUAILLON (Univ. Stendhal, Grenoble). Une copie a été déposée à la bibliothèque de l'Université
Valjouffrey - 工作
No full text1) Translations, transcriptions and annotations of corpora in Valjouffrey patois (dialect)2) Sound/video files, annotations and subtitling files in public access for streaming examples1) Traducciones, transcripciones y anotaciones de corpus en Valjouffrey patois (dialecto)2) Sonido/video, anotaciones y archivos de subtítulos en el acceso del público para ver ejemplos de streaming1) Traductions, transcriptions et annotations des corpus de patois de Valjouffrey2) Fichiers sonores, vidéos et annotations/sous-titrage accessibles publiquement pour le streamin
Sequence analysis of the small (s) RNA segment of viruses in the genus Orthobunyavirus
No full textViruses in the genus Orthobunyavirus (family Bunyaviridae) are classified serologically
into 18 serogroups. The viruses have a tripartite genome of negative sense RNA composed
of large (L), medium (M) and small (S) segments. The L segment encodes the polymerase
protein, the M segment encodes two glycoproteins, Gc and Gn, and a non-structural protein
(NSm), and the S segment encodes nucleocapsid (N) and NSs proteins, in overlapping
reading frames (ORF). The NSs proteins of Bunyamwera and California serogroup viruses
have been shown to play a role in inhibiting host cell protein synthesis and preventing
induction of interferon in infected cells.
To-date, viruses in only 4 serogroups: Bunyamwera, California, Group C and Simbu, have
been studied intensively. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to sequence the
S RNA segments of representative viruses in the other 14 orthobunyavirus serogroups, to
analyse virus-encoded proteins synthesised in infected cells, and to investigate their ability
to cause shutoff of host protein synthesis.
S RNA segment sequences were obtained from cloned RT-PCR products. They were
compared with the available sequences and each other. Complete S RNA sequences of
Anopheles A (ANAV) and Tacaiuma virus (TCMV) [Anopheles A serogroup], Anopheles
B (ANBV) and Boraceia virus (BORV) [Anopheles B serogroup], Eretmapodites (E147V)
and Nyando virus (NDV)[Nyando serogroup], Bwamba virus (BWAV) [Bwamba
serogroup], Mâ Poko virus (MPOV) [Turlock serogroup], Tete (TETEV) and Batama virus
(BMAV) [Tete serogroup], and Gamboa (GAMV) and San Juan 2441 virus (SJ244V)
[Gamboa serogroup], and partial sequences of Patois virus (PATV) [Patois serogroup],
Guama (GMAV) and Bertioga virus (BERV) [Guama serogroup], Capim virus (CAPV)
[Capim serogroup] and Palestina virus (PLSV) [Minatitlan serogroup] were obtained.
Complete S segment sequences revealed that viruses in the same serogroup have same
length of N and NSs proteins, except for the viruses in Gamboa serogroup which were
found to have two lengths of NSs protein. Viruses in 4 serogroups (Anopheles A,
Anopheles B, Tete and Capim) were found not to encode an NSs ORF, presenting the first
report of naturally isolated orthobunyaviruses without an NSs protein. Most of these
viruses were found to have longer N proteins compared to those with NSs protein, with the
largest N protein observed to date in TETEV and BMAV (258 amino acids). Other viruses 3
(EREV, NDV, GAMV, SJ2441V, BWAV and MPOV) were found to encode both N and
NSs proteins in their S segment with the largest and smallest NSs protein detected to date
in SJ2441V (137 amino acids) and MPOV (70 amino acids) respectively. The conserved
CA rich motif in 5â non coding region (NCR) of Bunyamwera and California serogroups
viruses was absent in BWAV and MPOV, while ANBV and BORV were found to have
two copies of this motif. Repeated sequences, as observed previously in the 5â NCR of
genomic-sense RNA of Lumbo virus (LUMV), were also detected in BWAV and TCMV S
RNA segments.
Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of the sequences determined in this
study were in agreement with previous serological classification of the viruses, except for
BERV and TCMV. BERV, in the Guama serogroup, was found to have a closer
relationship with CAPV compared to GMAV. However high sequence identities (>70%)
were observed between these 3 viruses, suggesting that they are derived from the same
ancestor. N protein and nucleotide sequence identities of TCMV with ANAV were only
53% and 59% respectively. However, Neighbour-Joining (NJ) plot based on complete N
amino acid sequence and Maximum Parsimony (MP) plot based on partial N sequence
supported previous serological classification which placed this virus in the same clade as
ANAV.
This study first reports on the proteins synthesised by Bakau, Bwamba, Koongol, Gamboa,
Minatitlan, Olifantsvlei and Tete serogroup viruses. Analysis of radio-labelled cell extracts
revealed similar protein migration patterns for all the studied viruses compared with other
viruses in the genus Orthobunyavirus. Shutoff of host cell protein synthesis, similar to that
seen in Bunyamwera virus (BUNV)-infected cells was only observed in ACAV, BAKV,
BWAV, CAPV, PAHV, PATV and WONV-infected cells. However, this shutoff was
found not related to the presence of NSs protein. In general, viruses in the same serogroup
were found to have almost same size of plaque and plaque-size did not correlate with the
presence of NSs protein and the virulence of the virus in the mice.
In vitro transcription and translation (TnT) using rabbit reticulocyte and wheat germ lysate
expression systems further confirmed the sequencing results that no NSs protein was
expressed from S cDNA clones of ANAV, TCMV, ANBV, BORV, BMAV and TETEV. S
RNA segments shutoff almost similar to BUNV-infected cells was observed in A549 cells infected with TCMV, suggesting that TCMV might use a different mechanism to induce
shutoff. No significant shutoff was observed in Hep2, Hep2/V and C6/36 cells infected
with any of the viruses.
RT-PCR specific for IFN- Ã mRNA in 293 infected cells and IFN reporter gene assays
revealed that TCMV was capable of counteracting IFN production similar to wt BUNV,
whereas the other NSs minus viruses (ANAV, ANBV, BORV, TETEV and BMAV) were
found to be capable of inducing IFN in infected cells. However, only low level of IFN- Ã
mRNA and weak activation of the IFN- Ã promoter was detected in ANAV and BMAV-
infected cells
English-derived words in Sierra Leone Krio
No full textThis thesis is divided into four sections. Section One
is introductory, and starts with a mention of the theories about the origins, and definitions of pidgin and creole languages. It also discusses the historical and linguistic background to Krio, tentatively postulates an acrolect-basilect continuum and undertakes to describe the dynamic state of native Krio speech. The section ends with a phonological study of Krio.
Section Two discusses the Phonology of English-derived
words in Krio. It examines the eclectic nature of the British' influence, discussing the systemic, phonotactic and phonetic features of the various British accents that may have contributed to the formation of modern Krio phonological structure. The contribution of the phonological structure of the African substratum is
also discussed and reference is made to similarities with other creole languages. Section Two ends with a study of the correspondences between stress patterns in the English forms and tone patterns in the Krio cognates, as well as tone patterns in creolised forms and calques.
Section Three is about the Morphology of English-derived
words in Krio. It deals with the effects of decreolisation on inflectional and derivational morphology as well as Krio creations from English patterns. It also examines word-compounding, and the phonology and morphology of English-derived reduplications in detail.
The final section is entitled: The Lexico-semantics of
English-derived words in Krio. It considers the question of when an English word can be regarded as acceptable as a Krio word; the various historical as well as current sources of the English-derived vocabulary of Krio; conditions affecting their adoption and the lexical fields they occur in; the word classes from which adoption
has taken place and word class functional shifts and splits; lexical innovations in Krio, including lexical splits and folk etymology; the semantics of reduplications; and, finally, semantic modifications
Edouard Pichon et les patois
No full textInternational audienceAbstract. Edouard Pichon and the " patois ". Mobilized as a doctor during the First World War, Edouard Pichon kept in touch by mail with his uncle Jacques Damourette, the co-author for their Essai de grammaire de la langue française. In his letters of the year 1915, he tells him about his studies of dialects and regional languages. Using lists of words and conjugation paradigms, he seeks to find in the forms of Picard, Franco-Provençal, Catalan and Languedocian the proof of a permanence of the French mentality through these different speeches. Drawing on what he hears from the inhabitants of the Santerrois and soliciting various soldiers as informants, he preferred a philological method to study Provençal in Mistral's Mirèio. Using an idiosyncratic notation of sounds, Pichon has a differentialistic approach. He sees dialects as the prosodic interpretation of the same language, French, as an " affective " melody whose " representative " function would remain constant by the effect of racial atavism. Thus, grammar becomes an illustration of a theory that makes languages, and links between them, the proof of a transcendence of the race on social formations. If there are affinities between French, Occitan, Breton and Alsatian, it is not the result of contact but the persistence of a common biological substrate. In this respect, Pichon opposes Gaston Paris's historicalist vision of Romance languages and Antoine Meillet's sociological principles.Mobilisé comme médecin pendant la Première guerre mondiale, Edouard Pichon est resté en relation épistolaire avec son oncle et collaborateur pour l'Essai de grammaire de la langue française, Jacques Damourette. Dans une série de missives de l'année 1915, il lui fait part des études qu'il mène sur les dialectes et les langues régionales. A partir de listes de mots et de paradigmes de conjugaison, il cherche à retrouver dans les formes du picard, du franco-provençal, du catalan et du languedocien la preuve d'une permanence de la mentalité française à travers ses différents parlers. Mettant à contribution ce qu'il entend chez les habitants du santerrois et sollicitant comme informateurs les militaires des unités dans lesquelles il est affecté, il revient à une approche philologique en étudiant le provençal dans Mirèio de Mistral. Utilisant une notation phonétique idiosyncrasique, Pichon a une approche différentialiste. Il conçoit les dialectes comme l'interprétation prosodique, « affective », d'une même langue, le français, dont la fonction « représentative » resterait constante par l'effet d'un atavisme racial. Ainsi la grammaire devient l'illustration d'une théorie qui fait des langues, et des rapprochements entre elles, la preuve d'une transcendance des propriétés de race sur les formations sociales. S'il y a des affinités entre le français, l'occitan, le breton et l'alsacien, ce n'est pas un effet de contact mais la rémanence d'un substrat biologique commun. A ce titre, Pichon s'oppose à la vision historiciste de Gaston Paris en romanistique comme aux principes sociologiques d'Antoine Meillet
Linton Kwesi Johnson: Dub, Language and Riots
No full textLinton Kwesi Johnson is the pioneer of the literary genre known as dub poetry, a sub genre evolved out of reggae music, consisting of spoken word over reggae rhythms. In the dub panorama, LKJ covers an outstanding position, also thanks to the millions of records sold worldwide.
In my article I will pause on the part of his production linked to the Brixton riots, occurring in the 80s. The personal involvement of the author in the facts and the use of both Standard English and Jamaican Patois, give the poems a rare authenticity and strength, endorsed when performed live by a spiritual connection with the audience. The article is divided into two main sections, the first aiming at introducing the dub poetry and the Jamaican language, and the second in which the analysis will focus on the writing strategies the author uses to deal with the current socio-political issues depicted in some of his poems over three decades
Social distinction and the written word : two provincial case studies, Warwick and Draguignan, 1780-1820
No full textThis is a comparative study of two countries, England and France, two county towns,
Warwick and Draguignan, and two families of the trading-manufacturing sort. It
argues that, during the period around 1780-1820, the acquisition of a certain form of
education, which included an emphasis on fluent reading, writing, and grammar.
preferably Latin grammar, became as important as the acquisition of capital. This
cultural capital gave its new owners a self-perceived distinction which allowed them to
consider themselves and to be considered by others as different.
Even if local, regional, and national differences are taken into account, this
comparative study shows that this new perception developed as a transnational
phenomenon, a form of culture sallS jrolltieres, even during the times of enmity and
almost uninterrupted wars between Britain and France which characterise this period.
This process had begun earlier in the eighteenth century, when the idea of a public
opinion and its premise of equal interaction amongst its proponents was 'invented'; but
it was facilitated by the French Revolution with its legacy of the notion of equality, and
therefore of the importance of communication in forging democracy. The written word
was the chosen means to achieve this.
It is argued that this distinctive culture, in the production and consumption of which
women played a considerable part, gave voice and a social and political consciousness
to those who began to see themselves as the 'middle class'
'Lesser-used' languages in historic Europe : models of change from the 16th to the 19th centuries
No full textThis article charts and tries to explain the changing use of ‘minority’ languages in Europe between the end of the Middle Ages and the 19th century. This period saw the beginnings of a decline in the use of certain dialects and separate languages, notably Irish and Scottish Gaelic, although some tongues such as Catalan and Welsh remained widely used. The article develops some models of the relationship between language and its social, economic and political context. That relationship was mediated through the availability of printed literature; the political (including military) relations between areas where different languages or dialects were spoken; the nature and relative level of economic development (including urbanization); the policy of the providers of formal education and that of the church on religious instruction and worship; and, finally, local social structures and power relationships. The focus is principally on western Europe, but material is also drawn from Scandinavia and from eastern and central Europe.Peer reviewe
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