1,727,199 research outputs found
Small and medium-size enterprises in economic development : possiblities for research and policy
Get PDFThe World Bank's most important long-term advantage in promoting development, says the author, may lie in opportunities to address related obstacles simultaneously. It could mount concurrent efforts to address the problems of small and medium-size enterprises in a particular sector, region, or economy, for example. It could address the conditions of founding new firms, providing finance or technical assistance, developing mutual support institutions, resolving disputes, and perhaps reducing counterproductive government interventions. Were the Bank to follow such a coordinated approach, programs could be designed to generate data to illuminate the impacts and interactions of various elements of policy. These data could be exploited, then, in research designs, or even the design of management information systems, shaped by program evaluation. The author proposes four general issues for research (plus a series of topics for each issue). (1) Can Bank initiatives involving small and medium-size enterprises in developing countries facilitate the entry of these enterprises into similar learning relationships with other firms - foreign firms, larger firms in their own countries, or each other? (2) The economic significance of high"turbulence"(entry and exit rates) in small-firm populations is poorly understood. The fact of high turbulence is well-documented in industrial countries; it is not for developing countries, but available data suggest a broadly similar pattern. Are high failure rates for small businesses symptomatic of an important shortcoming in the system of economic organization itself? Or should the unit of analysis be the enterprise, the entrepreneur, or the entrepreneur's family? (3) Is the apparent trend favoring a larger economic role for smaller production units autonomous rather than induced by other changes? Does it depend on general operating factors such as the declining costs of communication and computation? (4) The rate of learning by a small firm may depend on the nature of its transacting partner. Certain multinational enterprises make good teachers, for example, but certain local labor markets or markets for consumer goods and services may not be well-positioned for relevant learning. They may learn well how to adjust to local circumstances but not to the international diffusion of technology and ways of organizing (the main source of hope for developing countries). Perhaps Bank policy should be more concerned with transaction patterns.General Technology,Environmental Economics&Policies,Decentralization,ICT Policy and Strategies,Small and Medium Size Enterprises,Environmental Economics&Policies,General Technology,Small and Medium Size Enterprises,ICT Policy and Strategies,Small Scale Enterprise
Infection control in a skilled nursing facility : a 6-year survey
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4492.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Linked collectors and determiners for: Huangilene, a new genus for the Miltochrista alikangiae (Strand, 1917) species-group, with descriptions of three new species from Indochina, continental China and Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini).
No full textNatural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Huangilene, a new genus for the Miltochrista alikangiae (Strand, 1917) species-group, with descriptions of three new species from Indochina, continental China and Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/7bde971d-69fe-4492-acf1-68fc1d57660c">https://bionomia.net/dataset/7bde971d-69fe-4492-acf1-68fc1d57660c</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/7bde971d-69fe-4492-acf1-68fc1d57660c">https://gbif.org/dataset/7bde971d-69fe-4492-acf1-68fc1d57660c</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package
THE CAPACITY OF THE SCINTREX AUTOGRAV CG-3M No. 4492 GRAVIMETER FOR
No full textIn autumn 2001, the Institut für Erdmessung (IfE), received the new Scintrex Autograv CG-3M spring gravimeter no. 4492 (SC-4492). Compared with LaCoste-Romberg gravimeters, the Scintrex instrument offers the advantage of a more simple calibration function. Due to the straightforward sensor design (no micrometer screws and gearboxes, no astatisation), a modelling of periodical calibration terms and of a higher order polynomial calibration function is not required. The costly calibration measurements can be reduced to some relative observations between two reliable absolute gravity stations. No complex calibration system should be necessary. A reliable evaluation of the SC-4492 was done with respect to the stability of the calibration, measurement accuracy and precision, drift behaviour, and gravity range dependency of the calibration factor. Measurements were performed on the Hannover vertical calibration line (200 µm/s2 (20 mGal) range, 20-storied building, 10 µm/s2 interval), on the Cuxhaven-Harz north-south line (3000 µm/s2 range, 34 stations, 90 µm/s2 interval) of the gravimeter calibration system Hannover, and in the absolute gravimetry net of the Fennoscandian land uplift area (6200 µm/s2 range). A total gravity range of almost 0.015 m/s2 has been covered. In addition, the gravimeter was employed in the determination of vertical gravity gradients and centring to safety points for absolute gravimetry, and the observation of the horizontal gradient field at the IfE absolute gravity reference station in Clausthal. This paper presents the results as obtained in regional, local and microgravimetric surveys. The achieved accuracies are in the order of ±10 to 100 nm/s2 (±1 to 10 µGal). No instability of the calibration and no gravity range dependency could be proven within the order of 1•10-4. Overall, the gravity meter SC-4492 meets fully the expectations of IfE
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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