1,720,967 research outputs found
Impact of gut microbiota on promotion of liver carcinogenesis
Full text linkＣ型慢性肝炎由来肝細胞癌患者(HCC)8名、非担癌Ｃ型慢性肝炎患者(CLD)8名、健常者(HD)６名の便中DNAのシーケンシングを行った。HD ５人とCLD ３人が近くクラスタリングされ、HCC8人を含む残りが近くクラスタリングされ、肝癌患者は健常者と異なる細菌叢を持つことが示唆された。肝癌患者便を移植したマウスでは肝発癌が67%であったのに対し、健常者便移植マウスでの肝発癌率は0%であった。Sequencing with fecal DNA harvested from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, chronic liver disease (CLD) patients and healthy donors (HD) reveals that the microbiota of the HCC patients was differently clustered from HD microbiota. Liver carcinogenesis was observed in 67 % of mice transplanted with feces of HCC patients, but no carcinogenesis was seen in the mice transplanted with HD feces.研究課題/領域番号:25893081, 研究期間(年度):2013-08-30 - 2015-03-31出典：研究課題「肝発癌を促進する腸内細菌叢の同定」課題番号25893081
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25893081/25893081seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系research repor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Roles of Enterococcus in carcinogenesis and inflammation
Full text linkBecause Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens, colonization and proliferation of Enterococci should be regulated. In mouse liver carcinogenesis model, transplantation of microbiota derived from healthy donors suppressed proliferation of E. faecalis in the gut, resulting in decrease of the number of liver tumors. In mouse colitis model, microbiota of healthy donors suppressed proliferation of E. faecalis, but prednisolone enabled colonization of E. faecium due to decrease of mucin and antimicrobial peptide. Thus, factors regulating Enterococci were clarified in this study.Enterococcus属は常在腸内細菌だが、免疫力の低下した宿主には病原性を持つ細菌であり、その存在を制御することが求められている。肝癌モデルマウスにおいて、健常な腸内細菌叢の移植がE. faecalisの腸内での増殖を抑制した。その結果、肝腫瘍数も減少させた。潰瘍性大腸炎モデルマウスにおいては、健常者の細菌叢の移植により、E. faecium腸炎を抑制する。しかし、プレドニゾロンを内服していると、腸管からのムチンの分泌が抑制され、抗菌ペプチドの量も減少した。その結果、E. faeciumが増殖することが分かった。Enterococcusを制御する細菌叢や宿主の因子について解明した。腸内細菌叢が人の健康と疾患に大きな役割を持つことが解明されてきた。しかし100種類以上かつ100兆個近い細菌を含む腸内細菌叢は複雑であり、腸内細菌叢を制御する治療手段は未だ十分に発達していない。細菌叢の構成はpH、酸素含有量、栄養素含有量、抗菌物質の存在、ホストの免疫など腸内環境に制御され決定される。そのため、それらの因子を決定する細菌と細菌の相互作用、細菌とホスト細胞の相互作用の解明が求められているが十分には解明されていない。研究課題/領域番号:18K07904, 研究期間(年度):2018-04-01 – 2022-03-31出典：研究課題「発癌と炎症を促進するEnterococcus属を取り巻く腸内環境の解明」課題番号18K07904
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18K07904/18K07904seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学附属病院消化器内科research repor
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Metagenome analysis of intestinal virome in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Full text link炎症性腸疾患であるクローン病と潰瘍性大腸炎においては、腸内細菌叢の変化に伴い、炎症の制御に異常を来している。健常者、潰瘍性大腸炎患者、クローン病患者の便細菌叢の解析ではクローン病や潰瘍性大腸炎患者の腸内細菌叢は、健常者と比べ、有意に異なる細菌種やウイルスを含むことが判明した。これらの微生物叢を含む患者便または健常者便をIL10欠損マウスに移植した。結果、腸炎の病理学的スコア、腸管組織の炎症性サイトカインtnf、il6、il1bの発現は有意に炎症性腸疾患便移植群が高いことが判明した。以上のことから、炎症性腸疾患患者の変化した微生物叢は、腸炎を増悪させる働きがあると考えられた。Inflammatory bowel diseases including Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) reveal dysbiosis of gut flora and dysregulation of inflammation in the colon. Gut microbiota of CD or UC patients contained significantly differential bacterial species and virus compared with healthy donors according to metagenome analysis. Il10-deficient mice transplanted with feces of UC, CD patients showed more severe inflammation in the colon and higher expression of inflammatory cytokine including tnf, il6 and il1b than the mice transplanted with feces of healthy donors. Taken together, it is suggested that the dysbiotic gut microbiota of inflammatory bowel disease patients exacerbates colitis.研究課題/領域番号:15K15289, 研究期間(年度):2015-04-01 - 2018-03-31出典：研究課題「炎症性腸疾患の病態を修飾する腸内ウイルス叢を解明するメタゲノム解析」課題番号15K15289
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15K15289/15K15289seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系research repor
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