1,720,966 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Roles of exosomes in neuronal circuit reconstruction
Full text linkWe have revealed that glioma-derived exosomes convey a tumor-related factor WT1 to microglial cells in the surrounding areas of a tumor leading to angiogenesis (generation of new blood vessels), which contributes to the creation of a microenvironment favorable for invasion and metastasis of a tumor.
Using an intracranial implantation glioma mouse model, we first showed a longer survival time of mice through tumor size reduction and suppression of invasion and metastasis by repressing the production of exosomes by the glioma. Next, we showed that exosomes secreted from the glioma were taken up by the surrounding microglia thus regulating gene expression in microglia, thereby promoting angiogenesis. Furthermore, we showed that WT1, an expression regulator of that gene, was contained in tumor-derived exosomes of human patients and regulated the microglial ability of angiogenesis.神経膠腫が分泌するエクソソームが、腫瘍関連分子WT1を周囲のミクログリアへと送達することで新たな血管を作り出し、腫瘍にとって浸潤・転移を起こしやすい環境を構築することを見いだした。まず、モデルマウスにおいて、神経膠腫によるエクソソーム産生を抑えることで、脳腫瘍サイズが縮小し、浸潤・転移が抑えられ、マウスの生存期間が延長することが判明した。次に、神経膠腫由来エクソソームが、周囲のミクログリアに取り込まれ、遺伝子発現を低下させることで、血管新生を促進することを示した。更に、WT1がヒト患者由来の神経膠腫由来エクソソームに含有されており、ミクログリアによる血管新生能を制御することを明らかにした。研究課題/領域番号:19K22578, 研究期間(年度):2019-06-28 – 2022-03-31出典：研究課題「神経回路再構築におけるエクソソームの機能の解明」課題番号19K22578
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19K22578/19K22578seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学ナノ生命科学研究所research repor
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Physiological functions of exosomes and indentification of their target cells
Full text linkエクソソームは様々な細胞が放出する膜小胞で、分泌細胞と標的細胞の間で蛋白質やRNAなどを受け渡す媒体である。特に脳神経系においてエクソソームは種々の細胞から放出されるが、私達は神経細胞から放出されたエクソソームが、脳内の免疫細胞であるミクログリアに補体成分C3を発現させることにより、神経軸索・シナプスの剪定を促進することを見出した。また、エクソソームの膜表面に露出しているリン脂質ホスファチジルセリンと特異的に結合するTim4蛋白質を用いることで、高純度なエクソソームを再現性よく回収する方法の開発に成功し、従来の方法では同定できなかった数多くのエクソソーム上の蛋白質やRNAの同定を可能にした。Exosomes are membrane vesicles released by various cells and are thought to deliver proteins, RNAs, etc. between secretory cells and target cells. In particular, exosomes are released from various cells in the cerebral nervous system (CNS), but we have found that exosomes released from neurons promote pruning of neuronal dendrites and synapses by inducing complement C3 in the target microglia, immune cells in CNS. In addition, we succeeded in developing a novel method for isolating highly purified exosomes with high reproducibility by using Tim4 protein that specifically binds to the phospholipid phosphatidylserine exposed on the surface of exosomes, which lead to the identification of many proteins and RNAs on exosomes that had never been identified by the conventional isolation methods.研究課題/領域番号:22790210, 研究期間(年度):2013-04-01 - 2017-03-31出典：「パーキンソン病における神経系エクソソームの役割」研究成果報告書 課題番号22790210
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25713020/25713020seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学新学術創成研究機構ナノ生命科学研究所research repor
The Dynamic mechanism of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells
Full text linkアポトーシス細胞は、ホスファチジルセリン(PS)を細胞膜の外側に提示し、これをマクロファージなどの食細胞が認識して貪食する。私たちは、マクロファージ上の蛋白質TIM4がこのPSと結合することによりアポトーシス細胞をマクロファージに繋ぎ止める一方、マクロファージから分泌されるMFG-E8がPSと結合し、マクロファージ上のインテグリンと橋渡しをすることにより、アポトーシス細胞を取り込むことを見出した。Apoptotic cells are engulfed by macrophages by recognizing phosphatidylserine (PS). We found that Tim4 receptor on macrophages tethers apoptotic cells to macrophages by binding PS, and MFG-E8 secreted from macrophages binds to PS and stimulates the engulfment by binding to integrin on macrophages.研究課題/領域番号:22790210, 研究期間(年度):2010-2012出典：研究課題「食細胞によるアポトーシス細胞貧食除去の動作原理の解明」課題番号22790210
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22790210/22790210seika/）を加工して作成research repor
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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