1,723,792 research outputs found
Union Pacific (UP) 3993 & 3987
No full textA photograph print showing the Union Pacific (UP) 3993 & 3987, 4-6-6-4's, on extra West up Sherman Hill below Sherman, WY, 59 cars, 35 mp
Union Pacific (UP) 3983 & 3987
No full textA photograph print showing Union Pacific (UP) 3983 &3987, steam locomotives double-heading a mixed freight
Abstract 3987: Solid stress and elastic energy as measures of tumor mechanopathology
No full textAbstract
Introduction: Increased tissue stiffness is a widely accepted and actively studied biomechanical property of desmoplastic tumors, and has been linked to several hallmarks of cancer, such as growth, invasion and metastasis. The abnormal mechanics of tumors, however, are not limited to tissue stiffening. We recently demonstrated that solid stress represents a new mechanopathology that is consistently elevated in mouse and human tumors. The solid stress, transmitted by solid elements of the extracellular matrix, is distinct from interstitial fluid pressure. Therefore, tumors are not only more rigid than many normal tissues, but cancer cells also produce and are exposed to these physical forces. Composed of a combination of tension and compression, these forces are significant in tumors, but negligible in most normal tissues.
Methods and Results: We developed the experimental and mathematical frameworks to provide (i) two-dimensional spatial map of solid stress in tumors (planar cut method), (ii) sensitive estimation of solid stress in small tumors with small magnitudes of solid stress, e.g., metastatic lesions (slicing method), and (iii) in situ quantification of solid stress in tumors, which retains the effects of the normal surrounding tissues (needle biopsy method). All three methods are based on the physical concept of releasing the solid stress in a controlled way with defined geometry, and then quantifying the stress-induced deformation by high-resolution ultrasonography or optical microscopy. Given the specific topography of the stress relaxation and the geometric and material properties of the tumour, the solid stress and discharged elastic energy is estimated using mathematical modeling. Applying these novel methods to multiple mouse cancer models in primary and metastatic settings has led to the following novel findings: (i) solid stress and elastic energy may be different between primary vs. metastatic settings, as they depend on both cancer cells and their microenvironment; (ii) tumor with higher elastic energy are not necessarily stiffer, and the stiffer tumors do not necessarily have higher elastic energy; (iii) solid stress increases with tumour size; and (iv) the normal tissue surrounding a tumour significantly contributes to the intratumoral solid stress.
Conclusions: We developed three distinct methods to perform in situ and sensitive measurement of solid stress and obtain 2-D spatial map of solid stress in human and mouse tumors. Application of these methods in models of primary tumors and metastasis revealed that: (i) solid stress depends on both cancer cells and their microenvironment; it increases with tumour size; and mechanical confinement by the surrounding tissue substantially contributes to intratumoral solid stress. Further study of the genesis and consequences of solid stress, facilitated by the engineering principles presented here, may lead to significant discoveries and new therapies.
Citation Format: Hadi Nia, Hao Liu, Giorgio Seano, Meenal Datta, Dennis Jones, Nuh Rahbari, Joao Incio, Vikash Chauhan, Keehoon Jung, John Martin, Vasileios Askoxylakis, Tim Padera, Dai Fukumura, Yves Boucher, Francis Hornicek, Alan Grodzinsky, James Baish, Lance Munn, Rakesh Jain. Solid stress and elastic energy as measures of tumor mechanopathology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3987. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3987</jats:p
Union Pacific (UP) 3993 & 3987
No full textA photograph postcard showing Union Pacific (UP) 3993 and 3987, both 4-6-6-4, on westbound freight extra near Sherman, WY, 59 cars, 20 mph. Extra x-4023 "dynamited" and broke a coupler knuckle; the 7002 following it down grade can be seen behond the caboose, waiting for repairs to be made. Delay: about 30 minutes
The search for universals in language genesis
Full text linkContains fulltext :
3987.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Type Ia Supernova 2001V in NGC 3987
No full textCCD photometry is presented of the type Ia SN 2001V occurred in the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 3987. The observations made through Johnson-Cousins BVRI filters were collected
from Feb. 24 ( days, with respect to B-maximum),
up to May 5 ( days).
The light curves are analyzed with the revised Multi-Colour Light Curve Shape (MLCS)
method ([CITE]) by fitting template vectors to the observed light curves
simultaneously. The reddening of SN 2001V is estimated to be mag, while
the galactic component is mag (Schlegel et al. [CITE]), suggesting that
part of the reddening may be due to the ISM in the host galaxy.
The Δ parameter in MLCS converged to -0.47 mag, indicating that this SN
was overluminous relative to the majority of Type Ia SNe. The inferred distance
to its host galaxy, NGC 3987, is Mpc, which is in good agreement with
recently determined kinematic distances, based on radial velocity corrected for
Virgo-infall and Hubble constant km s-1Mpc-1
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