1,720,973 research outputs found
Study on genetic diversity of highly endemic pathogenic intestinal porotozans in Indonesia
Get PDFインドネシアにおける網羅的な原虫同定に分子分類を活用し、宿主特性との相関解析によって分子疫学的研究を実施した。成果は以下の通り。（１）アメーボゾア、フォルニカータ、パラバサリア、ストラメノパイルの調査地域における高度まん延を確認した。（２）学童の寄生原虫の感染率と年齢および性別との相関の可能性が種々の原虫について示唆された。（３）学年が進むにつれて低下するジアルジアの感染率は、主に遺伝子型Aの感染率の低下によって起こる。（４）腸トリコモナスは、特定株の人獣共通感染症として同地域にまん延している。網羅的なアプローチでの分子疫学は、途上国における寄生原虫のまん延実態の解明に極めて有用と考えられた。The molecular taxonomic method was applied in investigations of various protozoan infections in Indonesia, and the endemicity data was epidemiologically assessed from the view of mutual relations with the characteristics, such as age, gender, of target population.
The results showed following findings: (1) All the investigated protozoan groups, Amoebazoa, Fornicata, Parabasalia, and Stramenopiles, were highly endemic in the target site. (2) Age-related and gender-related differences of protozoan prevalences were indicated in targeted student population. (3) Giardial prevalence reduction on aging was attributed to assemblage A prevalence, which was reduced in higher age layers. (4) The endemicity of Pentatrichomonas hominis was maintained by zoonotic transmissions of a specific strain in the area.
Molecular epidemiological methods targeting various protozoan species could improve our understanding of the endemicity of those infections.研究課題/領域番号:23406006, 研究期間(年度):2011-04-01 - 2015-03-31出典：研究課題「インドネシアにまん延する病原性腸管寄生原虫の遺伝的多型解析」課題番号23406006
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23406006/23406006seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学先進予防医学研究センターresearch repor
Study to explore drug seeds for cryptosporidiosis
Get PDF免疫不全患者における下痢症の原因原虫として深刻な病害をもたらすクリプトスポリジウム症を効果的に治療可能な薬剤シーズを見いだすことを目的に、候補化合物による抗クリプトスポリジウム効果スクリーニング方法を培養細胞感染モデルの利用により確立した。これにより、アデノシンアナログの一部に明らかなクリプトスポリジウムの増殖抑制効果を見いだし、また、類似化合物である既存抗がん剤の一部に同様の効果を確認した。Due to the lack of effective chemotherapy, severe cryptosporidiosis especially seen in immune-compromised host is often fetal. To explore drug seeds for the opportunistic infection, a screening method of the drug effect against Cryptosporidiumparvum in a cell culture model was successfully developed. Using the assessment procedure, anti-cryptosporidal efficacy was confirmed in a part of adenosine analogues, including anti-cancer drugs used in clinical sites.研究課題/領域番号:22590378, 研究期間(年度):2010-2012出典：研究課題「クリプトスポリジウム症の効果的な治療に関する研究」課題番号22590378
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22590378/22590378seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学先進予防医学研究センターresearch repor
Study of intra-species diversity in Giardia intestinalig Assessment of a genotype distribution in isolated islands of Indonesia
Get PDFジアルジアの種内多型形成メカニズムとして地理的隔離と宿主特異性によるライフサイクルの隔離を想定し、多地域由来のジアルジアサンプルと同一地域の異なる宿主由来のジアルジアサンプルをインドネシアにおいて採取し、遺伝子型解析を実施した。具体的には2年間に4回のインドネシアの孤島地域でのフォールドワークを実施し、ヒト及び動物由来の計100サンプルを越えるジアルジアについて遺伝子型解析を実施した。その結果;1)ヒトのサンプルからは、いずれの地域においても高いレベルで遺伝子配列の保存されているassemblage A特にA2と、極めて多型に富みほとんどの検出配列がリファレンスとの完全一致をみないassemblage Bの亜型が同定された。2)従来イヌに特異的と考えられてきたassemblage CやDが、一部のヒトの糞便から検出された。3)少なくとも現在のジアルジアの遺伝子型の地理的分布には地域性は存在せず、地理的隔離の影響は求められない。4)Assemblage Bでは同一地域のヒトとヒト以外のほ乳類の両方から検出されたが、各宿主に分布するジアルジアの遺伝子多型にはそれぞれに優位な単系統のクラスターが認められたことから、何らかのライフサイクルの隔離機構が存在し各亜型に独自の変異蓄積が起こっている可能性が示唆された。つまりジアルジアの著しい種内多型の存在は、異なる宿主における部分的な隔離の継続といった同一地域での棲み分けをベースに成立・維持されていると考えられことから、世界中に分布する本原虫に対する新たな戦略構築には人獣共通感染症とこの微少隔離の制御の視点が重要である。We aimed to determine the status of intra-species genetic diversity of Giardia intestinalis and the factors that contribute to the maintenance of population diversity in this species. Giardia samples collected from various mammals (dog, pig, mouse and human) i n different geographical sites(Indonesia, Nepal and Japan) were analyzed using multilocus markers (18S small subunit ribosomal RNA, glutamate dehydrogenase and triosephosphate isomerase genes). In the human samples, various sub-genotypes within assemblage A and/or B were clearly classified ; however, no site-specific distribution of genotypes was observed. We also confirmed that assemblages C and D, which have been recognized as dog-specific genotypes, were present in a few human samples in a rural area of Indonesia. A comparison of the determined sequences of human and animal isolates collected at the same site specifically confirmed the presence of each sub-assemblage cluster within assemblage B.
Taken together with previous indications of assemblage-level host specificities in G. intestinalis, these results demonstrate that host specificities could be partly responsible for the assemblage levels of genetic polymorphism in this pathogen, however the diversity within each assemblage especially assemblage B seemed not in the case. Although the present geographical distributions and isolations of the pathogen were not thought to be a driving force of its genetic diversity since the distribution did not indicate any locality, we showed here the possibility that niche separations in a site might be related to the diversity formation. Niche separation may enable Giardia to accumulate the unique mutations in the genome and maintain novel diversity within the clonal population.研究課題/領域番号:18406007, 研究期間(年度):2006-2007出典：「ジアルジアの種内変異に関する研究: インドネシアの孤立地域での遺伝子型分布」研究成果報告書 課題番号18406007
(KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）)
本文データは著者版報告書より作成research repor
Development of comprehensive detection methods of protozoan parasites using molecular taxonomy
Get PDF寄生原虫の精製DNAをターゲットに各種原虫を特異的に検出可能な網羅的PCRスクリーニング法を開発し、以下の研究成果を達成した。（１）ケニアのHIV感染学童のEntamoeba属感染状況の分子疫学調査：健常児との比較においてHIV感染学童におけるアメーバ類感染の低下をみた。（２）非病原性とされてきたポレックアメーバが豚下痢症において病原性を示す可能性を提示。（３）トリコモナス属の分子疫学的調査：腸トリコモナスの人獣共通感染についてエビデンスを提示した。（４）その他、ジアルジア症、アメーバ性肝膿瘍の診断・報告、野鼠に分布するTrypanosoma属を分子同定によりT. grosiと同定。A systemic screening method targeting protozoan parasites was developed, and applied the methods to various clinical examinations and molecular epidemiologic investigations. The achieved results are; (1) Lower prevalence of Entamoeba species in children with vertically transmitted HIV infection were observed in Western Kenya. (2) The genetic identification of Entamoeba polecki was confirmed from pigs in Japan and revealed its potential pathogenic role in the ulcerative colitis. (3) Genetic identification of various trichomonads species isolated from humans and related mammals were confirmed. The data showed the wide distribution of an specific genotype of Pentatrichomonas hominis among human and animals, and thus P. hominis is considered to be a zoonotic protozoan. (4) Other achievements; Clinical diagnoses of giardiasis and amebic liver access. The molecular epidemiologic investigation of Trypanosoma sp. among Japanese wild rodents could reveal the presence of T. grosi.研究課題/領域番号:25460514, 研究期間(年度):2013-04-01 - 2016-03-31出典：研究課題「分子分類を利用した腸管寄生原虫の網羅的検出法の開発」課題番号25460514
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25460514/25460514seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学先進予防医学研究センターresearch repor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Study on intra-species diversity of Giardia intestinalis: How has the diversity been maintained ?
Get PDF病原性腸管寄生原虫ジアルジアの種内多型の形成および維持メカニズムを解明し、各遺伝子型形成の背景にあるライフサイクルの特異性を考慮した原虫対策を確立することを目的に、インドネシアのスンバ島において継続的な横断的分子疫学調査を実施した。その結果、調査地域におけるジアルジアをはじめとする多様な各種原虫の高度のまん延を確認しリファレンスとして収集することができた。さらに、地理的分布と感染者からの聞き取り調査より、ジアルジアの各遺伝子型に特異的な伝播経路を示し、生活環の隔離・棲み分けが、遺伝子型の維持形成に重要な役割を果たす可能性を明らかにした。To Reveal the driving force behind the formation of various genotypes in the population of Giardia intestinalis, and to establish a novel intervention approach using the background mechanisms to control parasites, we conducted a series of cross-sectional molecular epidemiologic investigation in Sumba Island, Indonesia. In this study, we confirmed the endemic status of various intestinal protozoan parasites in the site, and collected various protozoan specimens as references for genetic analyses. G. intestinalis seems to possess different transmission routes according to the genotypes, which might be maintaining each diversified genotype as a result of habitat isolation.出典：研究課題「インドネシアに分布するジアルジアの遺伝的多型形成維持機構の研究」課題番号20406007
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20406007/20406007seika/)を加工して作成金沢大学先進予防医学研究センターresearch repor
Comprehensive molecular epidemiological study for parasites distributing in Indonesia
Get PDFエントアメーバ属とジアルジア属を網羅的にスクリーングする分子疫学調査によって、寄生原虫の各種、遺伝子型は、まん延地域の環境および宿主要因に対して異なる反応を示すことが明らかになった。大腸アメーバの陽性率は雨期に高く、一方、ジアルジアでは、遺伝子型AとBともに乾期に陽性率が高かった。いずれの場合も女児における陽性率の季節性がその主要因となっており、男児では有意差をみなかった。途上国における腸管寄生原虫のまん延実態把握には、網羅的なアプローチによる分子疫学的解析が極めて有効である。Seasonal molecular epidemiology of Entamoeba spp. and Giardia intestinalis was evaluated using children’s and related animal fecal samples at a rural village in Indonesia. The higher positive rate of E. coli in rainy season (23.9%, vs. 33.7%, P=0.02 in dry and rainy seasons respectively) was observed, and the main factor that brings about this was thought to be the higher E. coli prevalence (11.5% vs. 20.6%, P=0.02, same as the above) in female. While, the genotyping evaluation of G. intestinalis confirmed the lower prevalence of both assemblage A and B among female population in rainy season (A: 5.9% vs. 0.8%, P=0.026; B: 16.9%, vs. 7.8%, P=0.035, same as the above), though there was no seasonal difference of those prevalences in male. The comprehensive molecular screening approaches for those various species and genotypes could address environmental and host-related factors effectively.研究課題/領域番号:26305008, 研究期間(年度):2014-04-01 - 2017-03-31出典：「途上国における腸管寄生原虫感染実態の網羅的研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号26305008
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-26305008/26305008seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学先進予防医学研究センターresearch repor
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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