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Formal and real fiscal federalism in Argentina
Get PDFIn this note we describe, on the one hand, the formal institutional structure of the Argentine fiscal federalism. Then, on the other hand, we show how fiscal federalism really works in Argentina. We analyze data on fiscal behavior of the federal and provincial governments during the nineties. The goal of this note is precisely to point that one of the main issues of the current situation in Argentina is precisely the difference between ‘formal’ and ‘real’ institutions. At the heart of such difference is the lack of enforcement of national laws and formal inter-provincial agreements. We illustrate this by studying how formal rules to the provincial borrowing have functioned during the last decade
Interphase chromosome positioning in in vitro porcine cells and ex vivo porcine tissues
Get PDFCopyright @ 2012 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and 85 reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The article was made available through the Brunel University Open Access Publishing Fund.BACKGROUND: In interphase nuclei of a wide range of species chromosomes are organised into their own specific locations termed territories. These chromosome territories are non-randomly positioned in nuclei which is believed to be related to a spatial aspect of regulatory control over gene expression. In this study we have adopted the pig as a model in which to study interphase chromosome positioning and follows on from other studies from our group of using pig cells and tissues to study interphase genome re-positioning during differentiation. The pig is an important model organism both economically and as a closely related species to study human disease models. This is why great efforts have been made to accomplish the full genome sequence in the last decade. RESULTS: This study has positioned most of the porcine chromosomes in in vitro cultured adult and embryonic fibroblasts, early passage stromal derived mesenchymal stem cells and lymphocytes. The study is further expanded to position four chromosomes in ex vivo tissue derived from pig kidney, lung and brain. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that porcine chromosomes are also non-randomly positioned within interphase nuclei with few major differences in chromosome position in interphase nuclei between different cell and tissue types. There were also no differences between preferred nuclear location of chromosomes in in vitro cultured cells as compared to cells in tissue sections. Using a number of analyses to ascertain by what criteria porcine chromosomes were positioned in interphase nuclei; we found a correlation with DNA content.This study is partly supported by Sygen International PLC
Geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera of sediment core MD97-2121
No full textIn situ measurements of Mg/Ca, Zn/Ca, Mn/Ca, and Ba/Ca in Globigerinoides bulloides and Globigerina ruber from southwest Pacific core top sites and plankton tow are reported and their potential as paleoproxies is explored. The modern samples cover 20° of latitude from 34°S to 54°S, 7-19°C water temperature, and variable influence of subantarctic (SAW) and subtropical (STW) surface waters. Trace element signatures recorded in core top and plankton tow planktic foraminifera are examined in the context of the chemistry and nutrient profiles of their modern water masses. Our observations suggest that Zn/Ca and Mn/Ca may have the potential to trace SAW and STW. Intraspecies and interspecies offsets identified by in situ measurements of Mg/Ca and Zn/Ca indicate that these ratios may also record changes in thermal and nutrient stratification in the upper ocean. We apply these potential proxies to fossilized foraminifera from the high-resolution core MD97 2121. At the Last Glacial Maximum, surface water Mg/Ca temperature estimates indicate that temperatures were approximately 6-7°C lower than those of the present, accompanied by low levels of Mn/Ca and Zn/Ca and minimal thermal and nutrient stratification. This is consistent with regional dominance of SAW and reduced STW inflow associated with a reduced South Pacific Gyre (SPG). Upper ocean thermal and nutrient stratification collapsed during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, before poleward migration of the zonal winds and ocean fronts invigorated the SPG and increased STW inflow in the early Holocene. Together with reduced winds, this favored a stratified upper ocean from circa 10 ka to the present
Bruce Hill's Drug Store, 2121 College Boulevard
No full textBruce Hill's Drug Store, 2121 College Boulevar
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Rab11-FIP3 is a cell cycle-regulated phosphoprotein
Get PDF<b>BACKGROUND:</b>
Rab11 and its effector molecule, Rab11-FIP3 (FIP3), associate with recycling endosomes and traffic into the furrow and midbody of cells during cytokinesis. FIP3 also controls recycling endosome distribution during interphase. Here, we examine whether phosphorylation of FIP3 is involved in these activities.<p></p>
<b>RESULTS:</b>
We identify four sites of phosphorylation of FIP3 in vivo, S-102, S-280, S-347 and S-450 and identify S-102 as a target for Cdk1-cyclin B in vitro. Of these, we show that S-102 is phosphorylated in metaphase and is dephosphorylated as cells enter telophase. Over-expression of FIP3-S102D increased the frequency of binucleate cells consistent with a role for this phospho-acceptor site in cytokinesis. Mutation of S-280, S-347 or S-450 or other previously identified phospho-acceptor sites (S-488, S-538, S-647 and S-648) was without effect on binucleate cell formation and did not modulate the distribution of FIP3 during the cell cycle. In an attempt to identify a functional role for FIP3 phosphorylation, we report that the change in FIP3 distribution from cytosolic to membrane-associated observed during progression from anaphase to telophase is accompanied by a concomitant dephosphorylation of FIP3. However, the phospho-acceptor sites identified here did not control this change in distribution.<p></p>
<b>CONCLUSIONS:</b>
Our data thus identify FIP3 as a cell cycle regulated phosphoprotein and suggest dephosphorylation of FIP3 accompanies its translocation from the cytosol to membranes during telophase. S102 is dephosphorylated during telophase; mutation of S102 exerts a modest effect on cytokinesis. Finally, we show that de/phosphorylation of the phospho-acceptor sites identified here (S-102, S-280, S-347 and S-450) is not required for the spatial control of recycling endosome distribution or function
บทบาทและสถานภาพของสตรีชั้นสูงในล้านนาสมัยราชวงศ์มังราย (พ.ศ.1839 - 2121)
Get PDFThis research studies the role and socio-political status of women in the Lanna Kingdom during the Mangrai Dynasty (1839-2121 BE). Chiang Mai was the central governing city, established by Phraya Mangrai in 1839 BE and ended during the reign of Queen Wisutthi Devi in 2121 BE. The lineage of the final king of the Mangrai Dynasty came to an end. This occurred because the Lanna Kingdom eventually fell under the control of the Burmese kingdom. The results of the research revealed that maternal kinship influenced the hierarchical order of succession in the Mangrai Dynasty, in terms of both male and female heirs. Additionally, the traditional customs of the Lanna people prevented noble from ascending to the throne themselves. As a result, the group of noble established kinship relationships with the Mangrai Dynasty by sending women from their lineage to marry the kings of the dynasty. They relied on these kinship relationships to exert political influence within their group, allowing the women who were married to the kings of the Mangrai Dynasty to serve as representatives of power for their noble group. Consequently, women in the position of the Queen Mother held significant political status and played a prominent role because they were both the mothers of the kings and wielded power to support the royal lineage. This practice was observed from the reign of Queen Chiraprabha Mahadevi to the end of the reign of Queen Wisutthi Devi, as the Lanna Kingdom eventually came under the control of the Burmese Kingdom. Furthermore, noblewomen in the Mangrai Dynasty had a significant role in society, particularly in upholding and nurturing Buddhism.งานวิจัยนี้จัดทำขึ้นเพื่อศึกษาบทบาทและสถานภาพทางด้านการเมืองและสังคมของสตรีล้านนาในสมัยราชวงศ์มังราย (พ.ศ.1839-2121) ซึ่งเมืองเชียงใหม่เป็นศูนย์กลางการปกครอง สถาปนาโดยพระยามังรายในพ.ศ.1839 สิ้นสุดสมัยของพระนางวิสุทธิเทวีพ.ศ.2121 กษัตริย์เชื้อสายราชวงศ์มังรายพระองค์สุดท้าย เนื่องจากอาณาจักรล้านนาตกเป็นอาณานิคมของอาณาจักรพม่า ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ความสัมพันธ์ทางเครือญาติฝ่ายแม่ส่งผลให้การลำดับญาติของชนชั้นปกครองในราชวงศ์มังรายสามารถสืบสันดานได้ทั้งทายาทฝ่ายชายและทายาทฝ่ายหญิง อีกทั้งจารีตดั้งเดิมของล้านนาที่ขุนนางไม่สามารถตั้งตนเป็นกษัตริย์ได้ ทำให้กลุ่มขุนนางสร้างความสัมพันธ์ทางเครือญาติกับราชวงศ์มังรายโดยการส่งสตรีในกลุ่มตระกูลของตนเข้ามาอภิเษกสมรสกับกษัตริย์ในราชวงศ์มังราย และอาศัยความสัมพันธ์ทางเครือญาตินี้ในการสั่งสมอำนาจทางการเมืองของกลุ่มตน ดังนั้นจึงทำให้สตรีที่ถูกส่งเข้ามาอภิเษกกับกษัตริย์ราชวงศ์มังรายเปรียบเสมือนตัวแทนอำนาจของขุนนางกลุ่มนั้น ๆ จึงทำให้สตรีในตำแหน่งพระมหาเทวีมีสถานภาพและบทบาททางการเมืองสูงมาก เนื่องจากพระนางเป็นพระราชมารดาของกษัตริย์และเป็นผู้กุมอำนาจค้ำจุนราชบังลังก์ โดยพบว่าเริ่มตั้งสมัยพระนางจิตรามหาเทวีและสิ้นสุดในสมัยของพระนางวิสุทธิเทวี เนื่องจากอาณาจักรล้านนาตกเป็นเมืองขึ้นของอาณาจักรพม่า นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าสตรีชั้นสูงในราชวงศ์มังรายมีบทบาททางด้านสังคมสูงมากโดยเฉพาะบทบาททางด้านการทำนุบำรุงพระพุทธศาสนาMASTER OF ARTS (M.A.)ศิลปศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต (ศศ.ม.)--Department of Historyภาควิชาประวัติศาสตร
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