1,742,358 research outputs found
From Empirical Bayes to Full Bayes: Methods for Analyzubg Traffic Safey Data, October 25, 2004
No full textTraffic safety engineers are among the early adopters of Bayesian statistical tools for
analyzing crash data. As in many other areas of application, empirical Bayes methods were
their first choice, perhaps because they represent an intuitively appealing, yet relatively easy to implement alternative to purely classical approaches. With the enormous progress in numerical methods made in recent years and with the availability of free, easy to use software that permits implementing a fully Bayesian approach, however, there is now ample justification to progress towards fully Bayesian analyses of crash data. The fully Bayesian approach, in particular as implemented via multi-level hierarchical models, has many advantages over the empirical Bayes approach. In a full Bayesian analysis, prior information and all available data are seamlessly integrated into posterior distributions on which practitioners can base their inferences. All uncertainties are thus accounted for in the analyses and there is no need to pre-process data to obtain Safety Performance Functions and other such prior estimates of the effect of covariates on the outcome of interest. In this light, fully Bayesian methods may well be less costly to implement and may result in safety estimates with more realistic standard errors.
In this manuscript, we present the full Bayesian approach to analyzing traffic safety data
and focus on highlighting the differences between the empirical Bayes and the full Bayes
approaches. We use an illustrative example to discuss a step-by-step Bayesian analysis of
the data and to show some of the types of inferences that are possible within the full Bayesian
framework
Esclavos Indios and the School of Salamanca after the New Laws of 1542
No full textIn 1542, with the promulgation of the New Laws, Spanish authorities made a greater effort to eliminate indigenous slavery in America, after the doubts expressed by various missionaries about the treatment given to the indigenous people by Spanish settlers. However, legally sanctioned slavery among indigenous people continued in the border regions of the Spanish Empire. My interest is to demonstrate that the persistence of this practice did not result in a legal contradiction, but rather was a means of sanctioning rebellious indigenous groups, using arguments of Francisco de Vitoria and other School of Salamanca scholars, especially in places where control of sovereignty was in question. Methodologically, I will use original texts from various sources, such as the minutes of the Cabildo of the Audiencia of Guadalajara, as well as reports on the Chichimeca War by various clerics and jurists who witnessed the conflict, such as Guillermo de Santa María, Jean Focher, and Fulgencia Vique. Temporally, I will focus on the discussion of war and slavery against the nomadic peoples of northern New Spain, known as the Chichimecas. The result was that, for many New Spanish clerics, slavery would serve to punish the supposed crimes of these peoples against peace, and also to change their archaic customs and teach them sedentary and civil life. Finally, I argue that the establishment of indigenous slavery in the northern frontier of New Spain demonstrates the limitations of the Spanish Empire in maintaining its most remote borders, especially when faced with peoples who did not have a civil political life with definable centers and hierarchies
Sperone Speroni, Dialogi (1542)
No full textScheda sulla editio princeps dei Dialogi di Speroni (1542)
From Empirical Bayes to Full Bayes: Methods for Analysing Traffice Safety Data, October 25, 2004
No full textTraffic safety engineers are among the early adopters of Bayesian statistical tools for
analyzing crash data. As in many other areas of application, empirical Bayes methods were
their first choice, perhaps because they represent an intuitively appealing, yet relatively easy to implement alternative to purely classical approaches. With the enormous progress in numerical methods made in recent years and with the availability of free, easy to use software that permits implementing a fully Bayesian approach, however, there is now ample justification to progress towards fully Bayesian analyses of crash data. The fully Bayesian approach, in particular as implemented via multi-level hierarchical models, has many advantages over the empirical Bayes approach. In a full Bayesian analysis, prior information and all available data are seamlessly integrated into posterior distributions on which practitioners can base their inferences. All uncertainties are thus accounted for in the analyses and there is no need to pre-process data to obtain Safety Performance Functions and other such prior estimates of the effect of covariates on the outcome of interest. In this slight, fully Bayesian methods may well be less costly to implement and may result in safety estimates with more realistic standard errors. In this manuscript, we present the full Bayesian approach to analyzing traffic safety data and focus on highlighting the differences between the empirical Bayes and the full Bayes approaches. We use an illustrative example to discuss a step-by-step Bayesian analysis of the data and to show some of the types of inferences that are possible within the full Bayesian framework
1542, setembre 24. Dot i donació. Girona
No full text(1 - 1542 - Constitució de dot de Mer Jordà que es casa amb Coloma Dencausa. (2 - 1542 - Domènec Dencausa fa donació al seu gendre Mer Jordà, de la casa que té a Girona, al lloc dit Les Enderrocades, fora la muralla
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Die Chronik der Cölner Stadtschreiber von 1542 - 1605
No full textDIE CHRONIK DER CÖLNER STADTSCHREIBER VON 1542 - 1605
Die Chronik der Cölner Stadtschreiber von 1542 - 1605 / Fidicin, Ernst (Public Domain) ( - )
Title page ( - )
Die Chronik der Cölner Stadtschreiber vom Jahre 1542 bis zum Jahre 1605 / Fidicin, Ernst ( - )
Preface ( - )
In diesem 1542. Jare ... ([3])
Die Wendland'sche Chronik von 1648 bis 1701 / Fidicin, Ernst (45)
Preface (45)
Anno 1648 den 13. July ... (47)
Nachtrag (104
Koordination des SPP 1542
Full text linkLeicht Bauen mit Beton − was zuerst wie ein Paradoxon erscheint, ist der Titel des DFG-Schwerpunktprogramms (SPP) 1542 [2]. Das SPP wurde über zwei Förderperioden finanziert. Aufgrund zahlreicher Projektverlängerungen – der letzte mit Mitteln des SPP fi nanzierte Demonstrator wurde im Sommer 2021 fertiggestellt – erfolgt der Projektabschluss nun erst im März 2022.Lightweight construction with concrete (in short: Concrete light) – what at first seems like a paradox is the title of the DFG Priority Programme (SPP) 1542 [2]. The SPP was funded over two grant periods. Due to numerous project extensions – the last SPP demonstrator was completed in summer 2021 – the project will now end in March 2022
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