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Zastosowania antykorozyjne powłok proszkowych w konstrukcjachstalowych – próba dostosowania wymagań do schematu normy PN‑EN ISO 12944
No full textThe article summarises the information available in the standards for powder coatings in anti-corrosion applications and relates it to the various parts of the PN-EN ISO 12944 standard series. The scope of the PN-EN ISO 12944 series of standards applies to paint systems for the corrosion protection of steel structures, whose components consist of unalloyed or low-alloyed steel with thicknesses of not less than 3 mm. These standards provide a guide to all steps in the realisation of corrosion protection with liquid paints, but can also be a valuable source of information when using powder coatings in corrosion protection applications.W artykule podsumowano informacje dostępne w normach dotyczących powłok proszkowych w zastosowaniach antykorozyjnych i odniesiono je do poszczególnych części serii norm PN-EN ISO 12944. Ich przedmiotem są systemy malarskie do ochrony antykorozyjnej konstrukcji stalowych, których elementy są wykonane ze stali niestopowej lub niskostopowej o grubości nie mniejszej niż 3 mm. Normy te opisują wszystkie etapy realizacji zabezpieczeń antykorozyjnych z wykorzystaniem farb ciekłych, ale mogą również stanowić cenne źródło informacji w wypadku wykorzystania farb proszkowych w zastosowaniach antykorozyjnych
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 3: Design considerations (ISO 12944-3:1998)
No full text91.080.1087.020Šioje ISO 12944 dalyje nustatyti pagrindiniai apsauginėmis dažų sistemomis dengiamos plieniniės konstrukcijos projektavimo kriterijai, siekiant apsaugoti nuo priešlaikinės korozijos ir dangos ar konstrukcijos suirimo. Šioje dalyje pateikti tinkamo ir netinkamo projektavimo pavyzdžiai, nurodant, kaip išvengti padengimo, techninės kontrolės ir priežiūros problemų. Taip pat aptariami projektavimo būdai, lengvinantys plieninių konstrukcijų perkėlimą ir gabenim
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Recopilación Y Análisis De Esquemas De Recubrimientos En Ambientes Marinos Según ISO 12944.
No full textLa corrosión es una de las principales amenazas para la industria de Oil&Gas, causando daños en los activos y afectando todas las fases del proceso, lo que incluye la exposición de las estructuras a diversos ambientes operativos. Ante la necesidad de implementar mecanismos para prevenir la corrosión, se han adoptado normativas internacionales como la ISO 12944-2018, que establece recomendaciones para gestionar este problema. La norma ISO 12944-2018 proporciona información sobre la protección de estructuras de acero frente a la corrosión mediante sistemas de pintura protectora, considerados el método más efectivo para controlar este fenómeno, ya que son aplicables tanto en entornos on-shore como off-shore. Asimismo, la norma específica la durabilidad de algunos esquemas, el espesor de la película aplicada y cómo varía según el tipo de superficie donde se aplique la pintura protectora. Los recubrimientos ayudan a minimizar los costos de mantenimiento, prolongando la vida útil de los activos; además, son reparables en caso de daños, evitando pérdidas de contingencia o paradas por mantenimiento de la estructura metálica. El objetivo de este trabajo es recopilar y analizar esquemas de recubrimientos basados en la norma ISO 12944-2018, con un enfoque en condiciones de ambientes marinos y extremas (C5 y CX). La investigación se basa en información cualitativa obtenida de fuentes en línea y revisiones teóricas, sin recurrir a pruebas experimentales o datos de laboratorio, siguiendo las directrices de la norma y seleccionando pinturas protectoras que se ajusten a lo especificado, formando esquemas acordes a la normativa y a las consideraciones técnicas de los fabricantes
Rust creep assessment - A comparison between a destructive method according to ISO 12944 and selected non-destructive methods
No full textRust creep is one of the most important criteria for the prequalification of anti-corrosive coating systems for offshore applications. The standard method for rust creep evaluation, as established in ISO 12944-9, is destructive in nature, which means that one panel only gives one reading of rust creep due to the removal of the coating beyond the rust area. Non-destructive methods allow for the evaluation of coating performance in a faster and more cost-effective way, i.e. the same coated panel can be tested over time and the propagation of the rust creep can be detected and monitored. In the present work, three methods based on ISO 12944-9, optical 3D Profilometry and Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) for rust creep assessment are compared and results show that the optical 3D Profilometry and SAM can act as complementary non-destructive tools which can provide efficient rust creep monitoring
Challenging ISO 12944: Assessing the Real-World Validity of Cyclic Ageing Tests via Non-Destructive Evaluation of Rust Creep and Coating Degradation
No full textThe ISO 12944 standard is widely adopted as a benchmark for prequalifying coatings, ensuring durability and effectiveness in safeguarding offshore steel structures against corrosion. However, its cyclic ageing test, designed to simulate the harsh conditions faced in real-world environments, has come under scrutiny for its accuracy in predicting actual field performance. This study critically evaluates the real-world validity of the ISO 12944 cyclic ageing tests by comparing their outcomes with long-term field data to identify discrepancies and areas for improvement. Advanced non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, including the Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) and optical 3D Profilometry, are developed to assess rust creep and coating degradation. The results unveil that optical 3D Profilometry and SAM can serve as non-destructive test methods, providing more efficient and accurate evaluations of rust creep as well as offering valuable insights into the underlying coating breakdown mechanism. This stands in stark comparison to the predominantly used destructive rust creep testing method outlined in ISO 12944-9.<br/
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