1,720,961 research outputs found
Development of mucosal vaccine using the invasion mechanism of botulinum toxin
Get PDF我々はこれまでに血清型A型ボツリヌス毒素が生体防御を担う細胞である腸管M細胞の機能を利用することにより体内に侵入し、中毒を引き起こすことを明らかにした。本研究では、他の血清型(B型)毒素との比較解析から腸管吸収に寄与する因子を同定し、各血清型の吸収機構を利用した新しい薬物送達システム・粘膜ワクチンの開発を目指す。B型毒素複合体はマウスにおいてA型と比較して数十倍経口毒性が高く腸管内局在が異なることから、腸管吸収機構が異なることが示唆される。我々はこの吸収機構の違いに関与する候補因子としてムチン層に着目し、毒素複合体中のHAとムチンとの相互作用の違いが毒素の吸収に影響していることを明らかにした。We previously reported that type A BoNT complex (BoNT and non-toxic component) exploits intestinal microfold (M) cells to breach the intestinal epithelial barrier. In this study, we analyzed the intestinal absorption mechanism of other serotype BoNT (type B) complexes, and aimed to develop a novel delivery system for vaccines and drugs using the invasion mechanism of BoNT. Type B BoNT complex showed potent oral toxicity and different intestinal localization in mice compared with type A, suggesting that type B BoNT has a different intestinal absorption mechanism. We focused on the mucin layer as a possible factor leading to the different intestinal absorption mechanism, and analyzed the interactions of type A and type B BoNT complexes with mucin. As the result, it was found that a difference in the interaction of hemagglutinin (HA) in the toxin complex with mucin affects the intestinal absorption of BoNT.研究課題/領域番号:18K07107, 研究期間(年度):2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31出典：「ボツリヌス毒素の体内侵入機構を利用した粘膜ワクチンの開発」研究成果報告書 課題番号18K07107
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18K07107/18K07107seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系research repor
Analysis of intestinal barrier disruption by HA proteins of botulinum toxin
Get PDF本研究では、ボツリヌス神経毒素複合体中の無毒成分の一つであるHemagglutinin(HA)の持つ腸管上皮細胞間バリア破壊作用について解析した。HAのバリア破壊作用を引き起こす基質分子の探索において、Recombinant HAを用いた解析により、ヒト腸管上皮細胞からHAと特異的に結合する標的分子が得られた。次にHAの作用メカニズムを解析する目的で、生体内における動態を解析した結果、HAは特異的な細胞から取り込まれ、その細胞からバリア破壊を引き起こすことが明らかとなった。In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of disruption of epithelial paracellular barrier function caused by botulinum HA. Using recombinant HA, we purified HA-binding proteins from human intestinal epithelial cell lines. Next, we analyzed the localization of botulinum toxins in vivo . The HA bound and transcytosed to the basolateral side and disrupted the epithelial barrier at the specific cells.出典：研究課題「腸管上皮バリアを破壊するボツリヌスHAの基質分子の探索及び作用機構の解析」課題番号20790336
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20790336/20790336seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系research repor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Analysis of the iteraction of botulinum neurotoxin complex with intestinal immune cells
Get PDFボツリヌス食中毒はボツリヌス神経毒素複合体を経口的に摂取することにより発症する。我々はこれまでに、中毒発症に必須な過程であるにも関わらず不明であった血清型A1型神経毒素複合体の腸管吸収機構を明らかにした。
本研究において、我々は血清型B1型神経毒素複合体がA1型とは異なる機構で腸管から宿主内へ侵入することを発見した。さらにA1型、B1型いずれの神経毒素複合体も腸管上皮直下のsub-epithelial dome (SED)において免疫細胞と共局在していた。これらの結果から、腸管免疫細胞はA1型およびB1型神経毒素の血中への移行に影響しており、ボツリヌス食中毒の発症に関与していることが示唆された。Food-borne botulism is caused by ingestion of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) complexes which composed of BoNT and one or more neurotoxin-associated proteins (NAPs). We have uncovered the site(s) and mechanism of intestinal absorption of type A1 BoNT complex, heretofore largely unknown, which is essential for the onset of food-borne botulism.
In this study, we found that type B1 BoNT complex invades into the host from intestine by different mechanisms from type A1. Furthermore, we observed that both type A and type B BoNT complex interact with immune cells which are located in sub-epithelial dome (SED). These results suggest that intestinal immune cells influence the entry of type A1 or type B1 BoNT into the blood stream and are involved in the onset of food-borne botulism.研究課題/領域番号:16K19123, 研究期間(年度):2016-04-01 - 2018-03-31出典：研究課題「ボツリヌス神経毒素複合体と腸管免疫系細胞との相互作用の解析」課題番号16K19123
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16K19123/16K19123seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系research repor
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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